X射线荧光光谱法测定催化原料高岭土化学成分的研究

采用LiBO2熔样,X射线荧光光谱仪测定了高岭土的化学组成,结果表明,测定值与化学法及推荐值相符,重复测定高岭土主、次量组分的相对标准偏差小于0.83%,方法简便快捷,分析时间仅为传统湿法化学分析的1/8,应用于高岭土的测定,结果满意。     

Three-Dimensional Regularities of Changes of Interelement Influence in Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

The insufficient energy resolution of detectors is the reason of effect of interelement influence, which reduces a precision in energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRED) with semi-conductor detectrs and new method of total external reflection (TXRF) which ensures record sensitivity - up to (10^-11-10^-13) g. Taking into account this effect is a necessary stage of existing analysis techniques which tend to ensure identity of composition of sample and standard or use decomposition of a multiple on components on spectra of the monostandards. However, an impossibility to achieve an absolute identity of sample composition as well as fluctuations of the energy resolution result in serious errors and do not allow to analyze and take into consideration the effect of elements not present in composition of the standards.     

波长色散X射线荧光光谱法快速测定纺织面料中的铬、镍、铜

建立波长色散X射线荧光光谱快速检测纺织面料中铬、镍、铜的方法。利用树脂将标准贴衬织物复合到玻璃熔片上,在制备好的织物样片上滴加铬、镍、铜标准溶液,采用波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪检测。根据元素滴加量的变化建立校准曲线,铬、镍、铜3种元素的含量分别在0~853,0~853,0~1 706μg/g范围内与荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r2大于0.99。方法回收率为95.0%~98.8%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.2%~4.8%(n=6)。利用该方法检测纺织面料中重金属元素含量,方法简便,结果准确,检测成本低。     

Migration of Sulfur in the X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Rocks

The intensity of the analytical SKα line in the determination of the concentration of sulfur in rocks by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry constantly increases in the course of measurements. The reason for such change may be the directed drift of sulfur ions to the sample surface under the influence of primary X-radiation. This phenomenon is visually demonstrated by an experiment in which a sample is measured first on one side and then on the other side. The intensity of the analytical line from the back side of the tablet in this case begins to increase just from the same level as in the initial measurement from the fore side. A mechanism of the directed drift of sulfur to the sample surface is proposed. A positive potential forms at the sample?vacuum interface because of the lack of negative sulfur ions near the surface, part of which primary X-ray photons knock out of the sample. Under the effect of this potential, sulfur ions from the lower sample layers and also ions escaped from it come to the surface layer of the sample. To ensure the reliability of the results of the quantitative determination of sulfur, one should measure the intensity of its analytical line from two sides of the sample and use the average value as the result.     

同步辐射X荧光微探针扫描分析氟碳铈矿物中的稀土元素

北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室的增频光源提供的同步辐射白光，激发ＬＲＥＥＫ－系列，用ＳＲＸＲＦＭ扫描分析氟碳铈矿物中的轻稀土元素的分布。取同一矿区的氟碳铈矿物，粉碎至粒度〈３００目。一部分熔融，沉淀分离，转成稀土氧化物后，用ＸＲＦ法分析稀土分量。另一部分，不加任何粘结物质压在成Φ２６ｎｍ圆片作为ＳＲＸＲＦＭ扫描分析的参比样品，从而可计算样品中稀土的含量。     

X射线荧光光谱在Fe、Mn化学态分析中的应用

采用普通X射线荧光光谱仪,在多种不同条件下测量了Fe、Mn及其多种化合物的Kβ和L系谱线,用PeakF it谱处理软件,分解重叠谱峰获得各个单一的谱峰参数(谱锋位置、峰高和半高宽等),对各个谱峰产生的原因进行了讨论,结果表明,对Mn及其化合物K系谱线而言,采用L iF(200)分析晶体与二级衍射提高了仪器的分辩率,能更好的用于进行曲Mn及其化合物的价态的定性分析;对Fe及其化合物而言,采用L系谱峰测量的效果优于采用Kβ谱峰测试。以上研究有助于拓宽普通X射线荧光光谱仪的应用领域,且对定性分析Fe、Mn及其化合物的价态有实际意义。     

Basics, Possibilities and Limitations of the Microscopic X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

 Microscopic X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) analysis was used to investigate different samples: meteorites, Jasper, coated glas and, reference materials. The element distribution within sections of two different meteorites have been determined – one metal rich and one oxide rich. The metal rich showed a matrix of Fe with Ni-, Ti-, and Si-enriched regions. The oxide rich also showed a Fe rich matrix and regions with different concentrations of other elements. A reference sample with a flat and polished but systematically tilted surface was used to assure, that roughness of the sections of the meteorites has only negligible influence. Nondestructive investigations in Jasper with included Stromatolithes, which were fossilized more than 2 billion years ago, showed the Stromatolithes to have Fe as main element instead of Si in the Jasper matrix. The thickness of Yb-layers on glas was determined from the intensity of the Yb fluorescence peak. Calibration was done by using a sample without coating and a reference sample whose thickness of the layer was determined by XRD reflectometry. Futhermore it has been shown that materials can be analysed even if mounted in glas capillaries or covered by plastic foils. By using Mark capillaries the elements from S to U may be detected instead of Na to U while working in vacuum mode.     

Elemental Analysis of Copper-Zinc Ores by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence using Nonaqueous Suspensions

Novel rapid determination of copper-zinc ore elemental composition by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) is proposed. Approaches for solid state sample analysis by TXRF are provided. The sample preparation is chosen to obtain the suspensions in ethylene glycol. The optimum suspension preparation conditions (sample mass, volume of dispersion medium) and the measurement conditions (internal standard element, spectra acquisition time) were determined. The sedimentation stability of suspensions was studied. It was found that the suspensions remain stable for approximately 2?min, which is sufficiently long for the sampling the suspension. The proposed technique allows determining the elemental composition of solid ore samples without sample digestion. The sample preparation time takes approximately 20?min. The relative standard deviation of the analytical results did not exceed 10%.     

Extraction Properties of Modified Silica Gel for Metal Analysis by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

Abstract

The separation of water‐soluble vitamins by capillary zone electrophoresis was developed, in which on‐line concentration methods, namely field‐enhanced sample stacking and dynamic pH junction, were utilized to improve the detection sensitivity. The effects of some critical parameters, including pH and concentration of background electrolyte, sample matrix pH and concentration, and injection volume were examined. The effects of field‐enhanced sample stacking and dynamic pH junction on the separation resolution and concentration efficiency were compared. The limits of detection of the vitamins were from 6 to 119 ng ml^?1 (2.7×10^?8 to 53.4×10^?8 M) based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 and the relative standard deviations of migration time and peak area for each vitamin (1 µg ml^?1) were less than 3.5% using the field‐enhanced sample stacking as an on‐line concentration method. The developed method was applied to the analysis of water‐soluble vitamins in corns.     

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Medieval Silver Coins by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Method

Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was applied for the analysis of historical silver coins to determine the elemental composition in a fast and non-destructive way. Ag, Cu and trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Hg, Pd, Zr, Mo, Rh, Ru) were determined in coins of King Mathias (Hungary, 1458–1490). A new data evaluation technique was used to avoid the problems arising from the different sizes, surfaces and geometries. The appropriateness of this method was confirmed by analysing certified silver/copper standard alloys.     

Quantitative Analysis of Lead Ores Using Sepharose for Sample Preparation by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

A method for the quantitative analysis of lead ores by wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WD-XRF) using sepharose was proposed. The sample was decomposed with aqua regia and then the solution was mixed with sepharose. The mixture was heated to boiling and became a quasi-solid gel at ambient temperature. The quasi-solid gel was detected by WD-XRF. This method was adapted in detecting high content ores, because it avoided the risk of using platinum crucible. In addition, cobalt was used as an internal standard to reduce the matrix effects caused by the loss of water in dissolving samples. Analytical characteristics of the methods used were compared, and their reliability tested against several certified geological reference materials. The results showed high precision and accuracy. This method has been applied to the determination of lead in lead concentrates successfully.     

偏振式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪分析高炉渣

在偏振化能量色散型X射线荧光光谱仪上,使用一个HOPG次级靶,成功地对高炉渣中主要成分进行了分析。总的测量时间为120 s。此方法所得分析结果与标样中有关组分的证书值相符,也与工作标样中组分的已知值(化学法测得)一致。     

Filtration of Amplitude Spectra for Reducing the Background Level in X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

The formation of a background signal in the X-ray fluorescence equipment based on the Soller and Johansson X-ray optics was considered. It was noted that the loss peak arising in the detector should be taken into account. It was proposed that the filtration of the amplitude spectrum coming from the detector to the recording system be used in the scheme with the Johansson crystal. In this method, the intensity of the analytical background can be reduced by several times at a constant level of the analytical signal.     

The Structure of Nickel(Ii) and Copper(Ii) Complexes with 1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecanein Aqueous Solution as Studied by the X-Ray Diffraction Method

The structure of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) complexes with nickel(II) and copper(II) ions in aqueous solution has been determined by the x-ray diffraction method at 25°C. The [Ni-(cyclam)]²⁺ complex has a square-planar structure with four nitrogen atoms of the cyclam, and the Ni-N bond length has been determined to be 198 pm. Upon the addition of ammonia, the color of the nickel(II)-cyclam solution turns to deep purple and the [Ni(NH₃)₂(cyclam)]²⁺ complex is formed. The complex has a regular octahedral structure with an additional two NH₃ molecules along the axis vertical of the cyclam plane, and the Ni-N (NH₃ and cyclam) bond lengths are 209 pm. The copper(II)-cyclam complex in the aqueous solution is a distorted octahedron with two water molecules along the elongated axis. The axial Cu—O and equatorial Cu—N bond lengths are 277 and 210 pm, respectively.     

波长色散X射线荧光光谱无标分析法检测树脂中的铅

建立波长色散X射线荧光光谱检测树脂中重金属元素的无标样分析方法。热塑性塑料在200℃热压成样片;热固性塑料取平面直接测量;涂料研磨成粉末后用硼酸镶边、衬底,经过压样机20 t压力30 s压制成样片。所有样品在真空模式下,以激发电流为50 mA,激发电压为60 kV,分光晶体为LiF(200),准直器为0.23°,测量谱线为Pb Lβ1,峰位(2θ)为28.258的仪器工作条件下测定树脂中铅的含量,通过康普顿比率判断结果的可信度。测定值与标准方法检测值相比,偏差小于10%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1%(n=6)。结果表明,波长色散荧光光谱无标分析方法可以快速准确地分析树脂样品中的铅含量。     

氩离子刻蚀还原氧化铜的XPS研究

利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及氩离子刻蚀技术,通过改变氩离子枪的刻蚀模式,原位研究氩离子刻蚀对氧化铜的还原情况。结果发现在极其微弱的氩离子束流轰击下,CuO即被还原,刻蚀初期变化较大,之后达到稳恒状态。对Cu2p峰拟合,同时结合俄歇CuLMM峰变化,判定纯CuO经氩离子刻蚀后最终转变为氧化铜、氧化亚铜及少量单质铜的共存状态。研究结果将对氧化铜深度剖析中化学状态的判断具有重要参考价值。     

Method Development and Quantitative Elemental Analysis of Mentha Longifolia L. Leaves from Saudi Arabia by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence

A method has been developed for the quantitative elemental analysis of Mentha longifolia L. leaves collected from different cities in Saudi Arabia using total reflection X-ray fluorescence. Using a microwave digestion system, 100?mg of each sample was completely digested using 3?mL of nitric acid and 2?mL of hydrogen peroxide. The stabilization of the digested samples on the silicon reflectors was studied using a silicone solution and polyvinyl alcohol. 5?µL of either silicone solution or polyvinyl alcohol (1% m/v) was pipetted and dried on the silicon reflector prior to the deposition of the digested samples. It was recognized that there is some enhancement on the intensity of the peak area with the silicone solution at photon energies less than 11?keV. However, the obtained results confirm the ability of using silicone solution or polyvinyl alcohol (1% m/v) as the stabilizer prior to the deposition of the sample droplet on the quartz reflector. However, the silicone solution was more applicable. Based on the developed method, 15 elements were quantified, namely, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, and Ba. Based on the present quantitative analysis results, M. longifolia samples collected from Al-Madina city had the highest concentration of P, Cl, K, Ti, Fe, Ni, and Cu. The lowest concentrations of P, S, Cl, K, Mn, Ni, and Br were found in Taif-Shafa.     

X-射线荧光光谱成型滤纸片法测定原油中的钒、镍、锰和铜

本文介绍了一个以有机金属标准试剂配制标准样品,成型滤纸片作为标样与试样的支撑材料,点滴法制备样片,用透空照射法直接测定原油中V、Ni、Mn和Cu的X-射线荧光光谱法。方法检出限低,制样与测量精度小于6％,标准加入回收率较好,具有简单、快速、实用的特点。