离子型交联磺化聚酰亚胺质子交换膜的制备及高温燃料电池性能

以2,2′-双(4-磺基苯氧基)联苯二胺、 2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基苯并咪唑和1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸二酐为单体, 通过逐步聚合和溶液成膜法制备了离子型交联磺化聚酰亚胺质子交换膜(SPI PEMs). SPI PEMs具有优异的机械性能和耐水解稳定性, 在高离子交换容量和高湿度下具有和NR212相当的质子传导性能. 电池工作温度为90 ℃时, 高加湿条件下, n(BSPOB)/n(DABI)为5/2的离子型交联SPI PEM(M1)的最大输出功率密度(W_max)为 0.93 W/cm², 高于NR212的0.86 W/cm². 当电池温度提高到110 ℃时, 所有PEMs的电池性能显著下降, M1的W_max为0.54 W/cm², 明显高于共价型交联的SPI PEM. 离子型交联的SPI PEM在110 ℃下300 h的开路电压(OCV)耐久性降低了约10%, 远高于NR212.     

凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定桔梗原药和当归提取物中101种农药残留

建立了凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）-气相色谱-离子阱质谱同时检测桔梗原药和当归提取物中101种农药残留的分析方法。方法采用乙腈超声辅助提取桔梗原药和当归提取物,浓缩提取液至近干后用乙酸乙酯-环己烷（1∶1, v/v）复溶,采用凝胶渗透色谱法（选取40 cm长、内径20 mm的凝胶渗透色谱柱）对样品进行净化,弃去前段含脂类、色素等杂质的流出液,收集17~30 min洗脱液并旋转蒸发浓缩至近干,甲苯1 mL定容上机。选用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离待测物,通过离子阱质谱实现对101种农药残留的高效检测。方法通过优化前处理条件和离子阱二级质谱参数,有效降低了复杂中药基质对待测化合物的干扰,最大限度提高了样品中农药的定量准确性和回收率,101种农药3水平添加的平均回收率为58.3%~108.9%,每个添加水平10次独立重复测定的相对标准偏差为0.4%~16.5%,检出限（LOD）范围为0.2~40.0 μg/kg,可满足当前韩国、日本、欧洲规定的最大残留限量（maximum residue limits, MRLs）要求。方法具有操作简单快速、灵敏度高、重复性好等特点,凝胶渗透色谱技术的应用克服了固相萃取小柱净化容量不足的弊端,离子阱技术的应用可以进一步排除共流出基体杂质的干扰,提高定量和定性的准确性,检测效果优于常用的气相色谱-质谱法,是对中药中同时分析多种农药残留检测方法的有益补充。     

低温固态反应制备纳米Ba_(1-y)Sr_yTi_(1-x)Zr_xO_3介电材料及性能研究

将TiCl4的水解产物与固体Ba(OH)2按摩尔比1∶1混合,混合物经室温研磨、100℃烘干,得到钛酸钡纳米晶;按相同工艺掺杂,合成了一系列Ba1-ySryTi1-xZrxO3(0x≤0.3,0y≤0.4)固溶体;采用X射线衍射分析了产物的晶体结构,采用透射电镜观察了其形貌;并测定了系列固溶体的室温介电常数、介电损失.结果表明,所制备的Ba1-ySryTi1-xZrxO3为完全互溶取代固溶体,由平均粒径70 nm的球形微粒组成.经低温固态反应掺入适量锆、锶后,BaTi O3的室温介电常数由3 000提高到20 000左右.     

2-(5,7-二氯/二溴-8-喹啉氧甲基)-4-苯基喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯的便捷合成(英文)

在K2CO3作为碱、乙腈作为溶剂的条件下,将2-氯甲基-4-苯基喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯(3)分别与5,7-二氯-8-羟基喹啉(4a)和5,7-二溴-8-羟基喹啉(4b)发生Williamson反应,以高收率得到结构新颖的二氯或二溴取代的双喹啉类目标化合物2-(5,7-二氯/二溴-8-喹啉氧甲基)-4-苯基喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯(2a,2b);其结构经波谱数据和元素分析证实.     

叔丁基取代二苯并-18-冠-6的合成

以二甘醇和邻苯二酚为原料制得二苯并-18-冠-6;以多聚磷酸为催化剂和溶剂,将二苯并-18-冠-6与叔丁醇反应实现叔丁基化;利用正庚烷重结晶对叔丁基化反应产物进行纯化,得到4,4′-二叔丁基二苯并-18-冠-6和4,5′-二叔丁基二苯并-18-冠-6两种对称的二叔丁基二取代苯并冠醚产品.利用红外光谱和核磁共振谱表征了二叔丁基二取代苯并冠醚产物的结构。     

硅溶胶粒度与分布对高硅铝比镁碱沸石合成的影响机理

以硅溶胶为硅源,在不同碱度的溶液中对其进行前处理,制得不同粒度与分布的硅溶胶母液,并以此为原料合成了高硅铝比镁碱沸石分子筛(FER zeolite).通过激光粒度分析仪(LPSA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜/能量色散X射线光谱(SEM-EDS)和X射线荧光(XRF)等对母液和产物进行了表征,考察了碱度对硅溶胶粒度特性和分子筛晶化过程以及产物性质的影响.结果表明,随着碱度增加,硅溶胶母液的粒径逐渐增大,对应于溶液中更多的Q³硅单元向Q²硅单元转变.在低碱度下,高聚合度的Q³硅单元倾向于使晶化过程遵循固相转化机理,生成大片纯相镁碱沸石,且产物的相对结晶度和固体收率均较高;而在高碱度下,大量活性的Q²硅单元则易于使凝胶成块,晶化过程遵循液相转化机制,产物尺寸较小且含有杂晶,相对结晶度和固体收率均较低.     

SERS-HPLC联用技术对邻氨基苯硫酚与邻碘苯甲酰氯反应的监测

通过表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)与高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用开展了在线监测催化剂对邻氨基苯硫酚(OATP)与邻碘苯甲酰氯反应的影响. 结果表明, 无催化剂时反应产物为1b{S-[2-(2碘苯甲酰氨基)苯基]-2-碘代苯硫酸盐}和2b{N,N′-[二硫(2, 1-亚苯基)]二(2-碘苯甲酰胺)}, 在醋酸铜催化下生成3b{10-(2-碘苯甲酰基)二苯并[b, f ][1, 4]硫氮杂-11(10H)-酮}; 无催化剂条件下经历亲核取代反应及硫自由基耦合的过程, 在醋酸铜催化下产物 1b 的结构发生变异生成3b. 所得结果与核磁质谱等常规非现场技术解析结构一致.     

Water Dynamics in Starch Based Confectionery Products including Different Types of Sugar

Starch-based confectionery products were prepared using different types of sugar. In addition to using different sugar, starch was replaced with soy protein isolate (SPI) in some of the products. ¹H NMR spin-lattice relaxation experiments were performed for the collection of products in a broad frequency range from 4 KHz to 30 MHz to get insight into the influence of different sugar types and SPI on the dynamics of water in composite gel systems. The relaxation data have been decomposed into relaxation contributions associated with two different pools of water molecules characterized by different mobility. The translation dynamics of water molecules has been quantitatively described in terms of a dedicated relaxation model. The influence of the sample composition (the type of sugar and/or the presence of SPI) on the water mobility was thoroughly discussed. The results indicate that the addition of soy protein does not affect water dynamics for samples including sucrose. In addition, as the complementary measurements, physical properties of the products, such as the moisture content, water activity and texture, were investigated in terms of X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis.     

pH值对L-抗坏血酸―赖氨酸/甲硫氨酸Maillard反应产物的抗氧化活性的影响

对不同pH值对L-抗坏血酸―赖氨酸/甲硫氨酸模型体系发生的美拉德(Maillard)反应所得到产物(MRPs)的抗氧化性活性的影响进行了研究。结果表明,MRPs的pH值在酸性条件下增大,在碱性条件下减小;在pH=5时,其紫外吸光度、棕色指数、还原力和DPPH自由基清除能力均达到最大;Fe2+螯合能力随着pH值的增大而增大。因此可以得出结论:pH值对抗坏血酸的MRPs的抗氧化活性有较大影响,且在pH=5时,抗坏血酸的Maillard反应产物的抗氧化活性最强。     

Synthesis and characterization of an acrylate polymer containing chlorine-1,3-dioxalane groups in side chains

Poly[2-（4-chlorophenyl）-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl acrylate,poly（CPhDMA）,was synthesized with radical polymerization process using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as radical initiator in 1,4-dioxane at 60℃.The structure of poly（CPhDMA） was confirmed by means of UV-Vis,FT-IR,¹H-NMR,and ¹³C-NMR spectral techniques.The molecular weight distribution values of the polymer were determined with gel permeation chromatography（GPC）.The number-average molecular weight（M_n）,weight-average molecular weight（M_W） and polydispersity index（PDI） values of poly（CPhDMA） were determined to be 10300,21600 and 2.097,respectively.The thermal degradation kinetics of the polymer was investigated by using TG/DTG-DTA and DSC analyses at different heating rates in dynamic nitrogen atmosphere.The apparent activation energy values obtained by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Friedman methods were found to be 91.68 and 85.23 kJ mol^-1,respectively,for thermal decomposition of poly（CPhDMA）.Also,the thermal degradation activation energy value of poly（CPhDMA） was calculated by using the Kissinger method based on the DTG,DTA and DSC data.Then the mechanism function of it was determined by master plots method.Finally,electrical and optical properties of poly（CPhDMA） were determined by four-point probe and UV-Vis techniques,respectively.     

硅胶固载硫酸镧催化一锅法合成3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮

以硅胶固载硫酸镧作为催化剂,由芳香醛、β-酮酸酯和脲(硫脲)合成了相应的3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮化合物,考察了苯甲醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯、脲三组分发生Biginelli反应时的催化剂用量、反应物物质的量比、反应时间及催化剂重复使用对反应收率的影响;并利用核磁共振谱(1H NMR)和红外光谱(IR)表征了合成产物的结构...     

具有抗糖尿病活性（拟）二肽分子的设计、合成及生物活性

采用液相缩合法,保护的苯丙氨酸衍生物和氨基葡萄糖衍生物分别与Fmoc氨基酸偶联,简便地得到9个未见报道的L-对硝基苯丙氨酸二肽衍生物4a～i和4个2-氨基-β-D-葡萄糖拟二肽衍生物8a～d,收率为52．4％～88．1％．4a～i选择性碱性水解,得到9个对应的水解产物5a～i,收率为64．4％-90．4％．产物的化学结构经1HNMR,13CNMR和HRMS表征及证实．体外抗糖尿病活性测试结果表明,某些化合物具有很强的抗糖尿病活性,其中化合物4c和8b的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体反应元件（PPRE）相对激动活性分别达到150．59％和185．23％,EC50分别为1．37uM和0．64uM,作为新型抗糖尿病先导分子值得进一步研究．     

基于豆甾醇衍生物的超分子凝胶的合成与性能

设计合成出两种含有不同结构单元的新型豆甾醇衍生物凝胶因子（化合物1和2）。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）等技术手段对形成凝胶的结构和性能进行研究。结果表明,两种凝胶因子可分别在二甲基亚砜及甲醇溶剂中形成稳定的凝胶。其中化合物1还可在二甲基亚砜/水混合溶液体积比分别为9∶1、8∶2和7∶3中形成稳定的凝胶。当化合物1和2在DMSO溶剂中以质量浓度均为12 mg/mL形成凝胶时,二者的凝胶-溶胶相转变温度（T_gel）分别为51和46 ℃,表明随着凝胶因子中甾体结构单元的增加,其形成凝胶的热稳定性显著下降。在此基础上,以化合物1制备的凝胶为载体,通过紫外-可见光谱对罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝和阿霉素的包封与释放应用进行了研究。结果表明,制备的凝胶可以作为药物载体,并在240 min时在水中达到的最大释放值为84％。本文为豆甾醇衍生物凝胶的制备,及将其作为药物载体在药物输送领域的应用提供了有益的思路。     

一氧化碳参与不饱和烃类化合物羰基化反应的研究进展

不饱和烃类化合物的羰基化反应是指在过渡金属催化剂存在条件下, 将一氧化碳(CO)分子以羰基的形式插入到烯烃(或者炔烃)与不同的亲核试剂中, 合成更高附加值化学品的转化过程. 本文综合评述了羰基化反应合成高附加值化学品的重要性, 介绍了几种不同类型的羰基化反应(氢甲酰化反应、 氢酯化反应、 氢酰胺化反应和氢羧基化反应)在发展新型催化剂体系及高效合成目标产物方面的研究进展, 并对羰基化反应存在的问题及未来发展方向和趋势进行了展望.     

Synthesis of aliphatic polyesters containing tetracyanoquinodimethane units by low-temperature polycondensation reactions

The low-temperature solution polycondensation reaction between 1,4-bis-(2′-hydroxy-ethoxy)benzene and adipyl chloride has been studied in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The effect of temperature, concentration, and reaction time on the percent yield and product viscosity has been determined. Optimum conditions were established for the preparation of high molecular weight products and then applied to the synthesis of novel tetracyanoquinodimethane polyesters. Products were characterized by gel permeation chromatography.     

Enzymatically modified Soy Protein

Optimum temperature and pH for the isolation of soy protein isolate (SPI) from soy protein concentrate (SPC) were established. Enzymatic hydrolysis of SPI with enzymes of different specificities such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain and urease was carried out and the products of hydrolysis were characterized by molecular mass determination [sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)] and thermal techniques [differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG)]. Enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in a significant reduction in molecular masses. However the thermal stability of hydrolysed SPI was similar to native SPI indicating that it is independent of molecular mass. DSC studies indicated an increase in temperatures of endothermic transition associated with SPI denaturation and loss of absorbed moisture in samples of lower molecular masses. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

赝电容控制型钙钛矿高熵氧化物La(Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2)O3负极材料的制备及储锂性能

采用金属硝酸盐为金属源, NaOH和Na₂CO₃为沉淀剂, 利用共沉淀法制备了La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃高熵氧化物负极材料, 研究了粉体的微观结构和电化学性能, 并与传统的LaCoO₃的电化学性能进行了比较. 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和N₂吸附-脱附测试对其进行了表征, 结果表明, 所制备的 La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃高熵氧化物为钙钛矿结构, 形貌为球状, 且各组成元素分布均匀, 比表面积(19.83 m²/g)较高. 储锂性能研究表明, La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃高熵氧化物负极材料具有较高比容量、 优异的倍率性能和循环稳定性, 在200 mA/g的电流密度下, 其首次放电比容量为855.8 mA·h/g, 循环150次后, 比容量增加到771.8 mA·h/g, 远高于理论比容量(331.6 mA·h/g); 在3000 mA/g的高电流密度下循环500次后, 其仍能保持320 mA·h/g的可逆比容量, 接近其理论比容量, 容量保持率高达95.1%. La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃高熵氧化物储锂性能的大幅度提高, 主要归因于熵稳定的晶体结构和多主元协同效应, 使其具有较大的锂离子扩散系数(11.2×10^-18 cm²/s)和较高的赝电容贡献.     

Rheological and Solubility Properties of Soy Protein Isolate

Soy protein isolate (SPI) powders often have poor water solubility, particularly at pH values close to neutral, which is an attribute that is an issue for its incorporation into complex nutritional systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to improve SPI solubility while maintaining low viscosity. Thus, the intention was to examine the solubility and rheological properties of a commercial SPI powder at pH values of 2.0, 6.9, and 9.0, and determine if heat treatment at acidic or alkaline conditions might positively influence protein solubility, once re-adjusted back to pH 6.9. Adjusting the pH of SPI dispersions from pH 6.9 to 2.0 or 9.0 led to an increase in protein solubility with a concomitant increase in viscosity at 20 °C. Meanwhile, heat treatment at 90 °C significantly improved the solubility at all pH values and resulted in a decrease in viscosity in samples heated at pH 9.0. All SPI dispersions measured under low-amplitude rheological conditions showed elastic-like behaviour (i.e., G′ > G″), indicating a weak “gel-like” structure at frequencies less than 10 Hz. In summary, the physical properties of SPI can be manipulated through heat treatment under acidic or alkaline conditions when the protein subunits are dissociated, before re-adjusting to pH 6.9.     

有机小分子对聚丙烯光氧老化的传染作用

以聚丙烯(PP)为研究对象, 选择代表典型小分子降解产物结构的酸、 酯、 醛、 酮和醇类共18种模型小分子, 研究有机小分子对PP光氧老化的传染作用. 研究发现, 所有的小分子都能不同程度地加速PP的光氧老化. 其中, 酸类、 醛类和酮类小分子的加速作用较强, 酯类和醇类小分子的加速作用较弱. 进一步研究了丙酮和乙酸对PP光氧老化的作用机理. 结果表明, 丙酮易光解产生甲基自由基, 通过引发PP氧化的方式加速其老化进程; 乙酸不具备引发能力, 通过催化氢过氧化物分解的方式促进PP中氧化产物的产生和积累.     

钯催化炔丙醇与叔丁基异腈选择性合成吡咯并呋喃衍生物和氨基甲酸酯

报道了钯催化下炔丙醇与叔丁基异腈反应高选择性合成吡咯并呋喃衍生物和氨基甲酸酯的新方法.在10%(摩尔分数)Pd(OAc)₂与110%(摩尔分数)LiBr存在下,一分子炔丙醇与三分子叔丁基异腈在水的参与下发生“有序的”异腈三重插入反应,以56%～73%的产率高选择性地生成了吡咯并呋喃衍生物;而在10%(摩尔分数)Pd(PPh₃)₄和110%(摩尔分数)K₃PO₄存在下,一分子炔丙醇与一分子叔丁基异腈在空气中氧气的参与下发生简单氧化偶联反应,以51%～74%的产率生成了氨基甲酸酯.该方法仅通过简单改变钯催化剂与盐的种类就能得到不同产物,且反应选择性高,分别为吡咯并呋喃亚胺衍生物和氨基甲酸酯提供了有吸引力的合成途径.