压电陶瓷复合换能器固有频率的有限差分法*

为丰富换能器固有频率的研究理论,以及提供一种新的计算方法供工程人员选择,提出了计算其固有频率的有限差分法。以由径向极化的压电陶瓷圆管与金属预应力管沿径向复合而成的二元压电陶瓷复合换能器为例,建立并推导了其向振动的数学模型及其有限差分形式,给出了换能器径向振动的特征方程。利用MTALAB对计算实例的径向振动的固有频率进行编程计算,理论计算结果与已有实验结果符合很好,验证了有限差分法计算压电陶瓷复合换能器固有频率的可行性及准确性。通过仿真计算,给出了换能器径向振动固有频率与其结构尺寸的影响关系：换能器径向振动的固有频率随压电陶瓷圆管内径的增大而降低,随换能器壁厚比的增大而降低。该文所建立的换能器径向振动固有频率的有限差分法同样适用于结构形式相近的换能器及其他元器件。     

阶梯圆环压电超声换能器径向振动性能的理论研究*

提出了一种阶梯圆环径向振动压电超声换能器,根据力电类比原理建立了阶梯圆环及阶梯圆环换能器的径向振动等效电路,推导了阶梯圆环的径向共振频率方程和位移放大系数,在此基础上进一步推导了换能器的径向共振和反共振频率方程。通过理论推导和有限元仿真模拟分析了阶梯圆环压电超声换能器的径向振动性能。结果表明,增大阶梯圆环中内外环的径向厚度之比K1或减小轴向厚度之比K2,阶梯圆环的一阶径向共振频率减小,二阶径向共振频率增大;在二阶径向共振模式下,K1、K2值在一定范围内阶梯圆环可实现由内向外的径向位移振幅放大;随着压电陶瓷圆环的内半径增大,阶梯圆环压电超声换能器的一阶、二阶径向共振和反共振频率减小,二阶径向共振下的有效机电转换系数趋于零;增大阶梯圆环内环的外半径,换能器的一阶径向共振和反共振频率减小,二阶径向共振和反共振频率先增大后减小,理论推导与仿真模拟结果符合良好。本文研究结果为阶梯圆环压电超声换能器的工程应用提供理论参考。     

多极子阵列声波成像测井技术研究*

多极子阵列声波成像测井已经成为测井中主要方法之一,在地层评价与油气田开发中有重要作用。在已有理论与数值模拟的基础上,经过近十年的技术攻关,我们已经在多极阵列声波成像仪器制造、测试与数值处理等主要关键技术方面都取得了长足的进展,具体包括高温正交偶极子发射换能、高温低频单极子换能器、声系测试、多极子阵列声波测井高温电路及仪器集成、资料处理及解释等主要方面。所研制的仪器及资料处理方法,经过与国外同类仪器的测井结果进行了对比分析,验证了所研发的仪器的可靠性和处理方法的正确性,这些关键技术为我国声学测井仪器装备技术研发和快速发展打下了基础,提供了技术支撑。     

LiNbO3晶体压电应变光束调制器及激光锁模器解析

对轴切LiNbO₃晶体压电应变光束调制器(PESOM)及其作为激光锁模器的特性进行了详细解析。证明x切板共振器是作为激光锁模器的最佳运用方式,而y或z切板将不可避免地具有同时损耗调制和频率调制的双重作用,因而原则上不宜用于诸如激光锁模器这样的场合。     

CJY-3型超声波洁牙器

上海超声波仪器厂新近研制成功的CJY-3型超声波洁牙器是一种防治结合的口腔手术器械,它是大规模开展牙周病防治所不可缺少的新颖器械。CJY-3型超声波洁牙器利用换能器中晶片所产生的超声振动(约30,000—34,000次/S),通过聚能杆集中在工作刀具端部。当工作刀具轻轻地接触齿面来回摩擦触及牙垢或结石时,就能迅速粉碎剥离,并由喷出的水流带     

正交偶极声波测井换能器有限元分析*

三叠片型换能器是正交偶极声波测井仪器的重要组成部分。换能器的性能直接影响声波测井数据的质量。本文在前人工作基础上,针对三叠片型声波测井发射换能器长度方向的一阶弯曲振动工作模式,利用有限元方法,模拟了换能器结构尺寸和边界条件变化对换能器性能的影响。结果显示,结构尺寸和边界条件对换能器的谐振频率和电导值均有不同程度的影响。参考数值模拟结果,选取合适的结构尺寸参数和边界固定方式,可以调整和选择正交偶极声波测井仪器发射换能器工作频率和最大发射效率。本文研究结果对三叠片型换能器的优化设计有较好的指导意义。     

向空气中辐射超声波的环形压电换能器

超声压电换能器向空气中辐射超声波的主要缺点是效率低,这是由于压电材料的声阻抗与空气的声阻抗严重失配(差5个数量级)。有两种途径可提高换能器向空气中辐射声波的效率,一是采用多层结构的匹配技术,二是设计高、低声阻抗材料相组合的换能器。作者遵循后一种方法设计并制作了一种新的高效压电换能器。它是将压电圆环埋置在低阻抗的弹性材料(塑料或树脂)中而成的,如图1所示。     

一种高灵敏压电平面水声换能器

设计并制作了一种高灵敏压电平面水声换能器。该换能器敏感元件是对1-3-2型压电复合材料结构的改进,即在带基底的压电陶瓷小柱阵列间不注入聚合物,并在其上表面直接覆盖金属板,构成“带基底的压电小柱阵列+金属盖板”结构敏感元件(称为“空气填充型”敏感元件)。对“空气填充型”敏感元件的谐振频率进行了理论计算和有限元仿真,与实测结果较吻合。为便于对比性能,同时制作了同尺寸“1-3-2型压电复合材料+金属盖板”结构敏感元件(称为“聚合物填充型”敏感元件)换能器。分别对“空气填充型”和“聚合物填充型”敏感元件换能器的有效机电耦合系数、发送电压响应和接收灵敏度进行有限元仿真和实测,结果均显示,“空气填充型”敏感元件换能器具有较高的接收灵敏度,相较于“聚合物填充型”敏感元件换能器可提高21 dB。该敏感元件换能器能有效提高灵敏度,可为研制高灵敏换能器提供参考。     

一种可提高压电复合材料d33和dh值的新型结构传感器

原理分析和实验结果证明了：通过一种含有空腔的金属电极与压电复合材料的界面作用，发迹了应力的作用式，提高了ｄ３３值；并使数值符号相反的ｄ３３和ｄ３１均对ｄｈ值起加大作用。     

一种直观演示超声波传感器工作频率的方法

基于光杠杆原理直观演示超声传感器工作频率的方法,定性应用在超声波在空气中传播速度的测量实验中,也可以进一步定量测量和计算,应用在其他微小距离的测量上.     

压电MEMS超声换能器研究进展

MEMS(micro-electromechanical systems)超声换能器(MEMS ultrasonic transducer,简称MUT)是采用微电子和微机械加工技术制作的新型超声换能器。与传统超声换能器相比,MUT具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、功耗低、可靠性高、频率控制灵活、频带宽、灵敏度高以及易于与电路集成和实现智能化等特点。是超声换能器的重要的研究方向之一。MUT的研究主要包括压电MUT(piezoelectric MUT,简称PMUT)和电容MUT(capacitiveMUT,简称CMUT)两个方面。本文概述了PMUT研究的发展进程和研究成果,展望了PMUT的研究和应用前景。     

A cylindrical standing wave ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducer

A cylindrical standing wave ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducer was proposed in this paper. The proposed stator contains a cylinder and a bending vibration transducer. The two combining sites between the cylinder and the transducer locate at the adjacent wave loops of bending vibration of the transducer and have a distance that equal to the half wave length of bending standing wave excited in the cylinder. Thus, the bending mode of the cylinder can be excited by the bending vibration of the transducer. Two circular cone type rotors are pressed in contact to the end rims of the teeth, and the preload between the rotors and stator is accomplished by a spring and nut system. The working principle of the proposed motor was analyzed. The motion trajectories of teeth were deduced. The stator was designed and analyzed with FEM. A prototype motor was fabricated and measured. Typical output of the prototype is no-load speed of 165 rpm and maximum torque of 0.45 N m at an exciting voltage of 200 V_rms.     

Study of the sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic torsional transducer

The sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic torsional transducer was studied. The transducer consists of front and back metal cylinders, and coaxially segmented, tangentially polarized, piezoelectric ceramic tubes. The torsional vibration of the tangentially polarized piezoelectric ceramic slender tube was studied first and its electromechanical equivalent circuit was derived. Based on the network theory and the electromechanical equivalent circuit, the torsional vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic cylinder, formed by stacking a number of identical short piezoelectric ceramic rings, was analysed and the electromechanical equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric ceramic stack in torsional vibration was developed. Finally, the sandwiched ultrasonic torsional transducer was studied and resonance frequency equations were derived which can be used to design and calculate the torsional transducers for different applications.     

矩形扭转压电换能器的研制

本文从压电和机械振动等基本理论出发，首次较系统地建立了矩形扭转压电换能器的理论，推导出频率方程，并通过实验进行了验证。     

夹心式纵-扭复合模式压电超声换能器的共振频率

本文对夹心式纵－扭复合振动模式压电超声换能进行了研究，从换能器的等效电路出发，在无耦合时，得出换热能器纵向振动模式及扭转振动模式的各自共振频率方程，实验表明，换能器各自共振频率的测试值与理论计算值基本符合。     

3D FEM analyses of the ultrasonic transducer for controlled nanowire rotary driving

Controlled rotary driving of single nano objects is an important technology in the assembling of nano structures, handling of biological samples, nano measurement, etc. However, there have been little analyses on the ultrasonic transducers for the nano rotary driving, which makes the transducer’s optimization impossible. In this work, vibration characteristics of the ultrasonic transducer for rotary driving of single nanowires, which has been proposed by the authors’ group, are analyzed by the 3D finite element method (FEM), and some useful guidelines for designing the transducer are achieved. It is found that the working point still exists when the commonly used metal materials in ultrasonic transducers are used as the vibration transmission strip, and when the vibration transmission strip’s size changes. It is also found that the direction of the elliptical motion of the micro manipulating probe’s tip may be reversed by changing the size of the vibration transmission strip properly. In addition, to ensure the performance consistency of the device, the micro manipulating probe’s length L_m or driving frequency should be designed to avoid the resonance of the micro manipulating probe.     

夹心式纵-扭复合模式压电超声换能器的共振频率

本文对夹心式纵-扭复合振动模式压电超声换能器进行了研究．从换能器的等效电路出发，在无耦合时，得出了换能器中纵向振动模式及扭转振动模式的各自共振频率方程．实验表明，换能器各自共振频率的测试值与理论计算值基本符合．     

厚度模压电超声换能器无源声学材料研究进展*

厚度模压电超声换能器作为超声波发射、接收以及电信号间转换的载体,是超声成像与检测系统的核心器件,一般由压电层、匹配层和背衬层3部分组成。超声换能器的性能一定程度上决定着整体超声设备的性能,影响了其在工业、医学、军事等领域的应用。该换能器的关键性能指标(带宽、灵敏度)除了受到压电层的影响,还与匹配层、背衬层等无源声学材料的设计密切相关。该文综述了近年来厚度模压电超声换能器无源声学材料(匹配层、背衬层和声透镜)的研究进展,提出了当前该类材料面临的难题和解决途径,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Review of the design of power ultrasonic generator for piezoelectric transducer

The power ultrasonic generator (PUG) is the core device of power ultrasonic technology (PUT), and its performance determines the application of this technology in biomedicine, semiconductor, aerospace, and other fields. With the high demand for sensitive and accurate dynamic response in power ultrasonic applications, the design of PUG has become a hot topic in academic and industry. However, the previous reviews cannot be used as a universal technical manual for industrial applications. There are many technical difficulties in establishing a mature production system, which hinder the large-scale application of PUG for piezoelectric transducers. To enhance the performance of the dynamic matching and power control of PUG, the studies in various PUT applications have been reviewed in this article. Initially, the demand design covering the piezoelectric transducer application and parameter requirements for ultrasonic and electrical signals is overall summarized, and these parameter requirements have been recommended as the technical indicators of developing the new PUG. Then the factors affecting the power conversion circuit design are analyzed systematically to realize the foundational performance improvement of PUG. Furthermore, advantages and limitations of key control technologies have been summarized to provide some different ideas on how to realize automatic resonance tracking and adaptive power adjustment, and to optimize the power control and dynamic matching control. Finally, several research directions of PUG in the future have been prospected.     

同时发射和接收纵波和横波的压电复合材料换能器

通过控制压电复合材料中压电相的分布形式，本文具有在百度模振动的１－３型压电复合材料和具有扭转模振动的拼接２－２型压电复合材料组合在一起，构成一种混俣模式压电材料，并测试了这种压电材料晶片的性能参数，使用这种晶片作的换能器可以根据使用者的要求，单独产生纵波或横波，也可同时产生这两种波。