季戊四醇及其衍生物在树状大分子合成中的应用

含多羟基官能团的季戊四醇在树状大分子合成中具有重要作用,以季戊四醇及其衍生物为核的树状大分子的对称结构与独特性能已引起广泛关注.综述了季戊四醇及其衍生物在树状大分子合成中的应用.     

基于树状大分子的纳米CT成像造影剂的制备及其生物医学应用

树状大分子是一类高度支化的单分散性大分子,具有精确可控的分子结构.本文在树状大分子结构特点的基础上,阐述了以树状大分子为载体的新型纳米CT成像造影剂的合成及其在CT成像中的应用,并对树状大分子在CT成像中的发展趋势和应用领域进行了展望.     

肽类树状大分子的合成及其在药物传输系统中的应用

树状大分子是近年来蓬勃发展的一类新型高分子材料, 其表面存在大量的官能团, 分子内部存在空腔且分子尺寸可控, 因此, 树状大分子已被广泛应用于众多的领域. 肽类树状大分子是指在树状大分子结构中含有肽键的一类大分子, 因其具有类似蛋白质一样的球状结构, 且具有优异的水溶性、生物相容性、生物降解性和细胞低毒性等特点, 所以, 肽类树状大分子可以作为药物传输的载体. 此外, 肽类树状大分子的疏水空腔可以装载疏水性药物, 对其起到增溶和缓释作用. 综述了肽类树状大分子的合成方法, 并对其与药物分子的结合机制及其在药物传输系统中的应用进行了总结与展望.     

正交保护赖氨酸的合成

具有不同氨基保护基的赖氨酸在树状,环状多肽及糖肽等的合成中非常重要,以Ｄｄｅ、Ｆｍｏｃ,Ａｌｏｃ和Ｚ为保护基合成了６种正交保护的赖氨酸。     

树状分子膦金属催化剂研究进展

自从Tomalia和Newkome报道树枝形聚合物以来[1],树状分子的研究主要集中在它的合成与表征上.二十世纪80年代中期,出现了具有非常规整、精致和球形结构的树状大分子,其分子体积、形状和功能可在分子水平精确设计和控制.这些特征的结合应用在催化领域,将使树状大分子有可能消除均相催化与非均相催化之间的差别,发展出一类具有优异性能的催化剂.1994年Van Koten等[2]报道了首例树状分子金属配合物催化剂,它在催化研究领域的应用引起了人们极大的关注,并已取得很大的进展[3].与可溶性高分子负载催化剂相比,树状分子催化剂具有如下优点:1)可精…     

液晶性树状高分子

对树状高分子进行功能化,使之成为具有特定性能的新型材料是目前很热门的课题,树状液晶就是其中之一.树状高分子长径比很小,似乎难以形成液晶态,但人们已发现多种树状液晶分子,几乎囊括了所有在其他高分子中出现过的液晶相.本文按液晶相分类,介绍树状液晶高分子的研究进展.     

用于基因和药物传递的多肽及聚多肽材料

多肽和聚多肽作为一类新型的生物医用材料,由于其具有良好的生物活性、生物可降解性以及生物相容性而备受瞩目.将具有特殊生理功能的多肽作为基因或药物载体、或用于药物修饰等,可以提高基因转染效率,增强药物的靶向治疗效果,降低药物的毒副作用.本文综述了近年来多肽及聚多肽材料在这些生物医学领域的应用及进展,对部分活性肽的作用机制和...     

多肽新药研发策略研究进展

多肽药物具有生物活性高、药用剂量小、产业化开发优势明显等诸多优点,已成为全球关注的创新药物研发热点之一.但是其代谢不稳定、半衰期短及较难通透组织屏障等缺点严重阻碍了多肽新药在临床治疗中的广泛应用.为了解决这些限制多肽药物的瓶颈,本课题组发展了一系列的改造策略.通过这些策略的应用,以期加快多肽药物临床应用的步伐.本文主要结合本课题组的工作对多肽新药创制过程中所遇到的关键问题及解决思路进行综述.     

刺激响应型树状分子凝胶的研究进展※

近年来, 刺激响应型超分子凝胶作为一类智能软物质材料, 在离子识别材料、自修复材料、生物材料和药物缓释等领域展现出了非常好的应用前景, 受到人们广泛关注. 树状分子是一类具有高度支化结构的大分子, 其形成的凝胶兼具有机小分子凝胶和聚合物凝胶的双重优点, 树状分子丰富的多层次支化几何结构有利于修饰不同功能基团, 从而确保各功能基团彼此独立作用而不相互干扰, 这种特性使其在构筑多功能化凝胶材料, 尤其是多重环境刺激响应型凝胶材料方面具有独特优势. 基于此, 本综述从树状分子凝胶因子设计、成凝胶机理、响应性能和响应机理等方面详细归纳了刺激响应型树状分子凝胶的研究进展. 按照刺激源不同, 主要从光响应型、氧化还原响应型、离子响应型、触变响应型和多重响应型五个方面对刺激响应树状分子凝胶进行了系统归纳总结. 最后, 基于目前刺激响应树状分子凝胶存在的一些问题对该领域未来发展进行了展望.     

生物可裂解树状大分子组装体与智能型基因传递系统

以精氨酸外围功能化、硫辛酸内核功能化的肽类树状大分子为组装基元,在亲疏水作用驱动下形成树状大分子组装体;并通过催化量二硫苏糖醇引发组装体内核的硫辛酸残基交联而获得纳米结构稳定、胞内氧化还原可裂解的智能型基因载体系统.双功能化肽类树状大分子具有精确可控的分子结构;在水溶液中组装、交联后,形成粒径约为72 nm、电位为+30.1 m V的树状大分子组装体.树状大分子组装体能够有效压缩和保护DNA,增强DNA对核酸酶的抵抗力,且具有氧化还原响应性、实现DNA的胞内定点可控释放.树状大分子组装体与DNA复合物(A/P=20)在有血清条件下对HEK 293、Hep G2和Hela 3种细胞系的转染效率均优于阳性对照组PEI(Mw=2.5×104,N/P=10,无血清)的转染效果.同时,该树状大分子组装体还具有良好的血清耐受性及生物相容性.     

实时直接分析质谱新技术及其应用

由于不需要复杂的样品前处理过程,并具有实时、原位分析等特点,常压敞开式离子化技术成为近年来质谱研究的热点之一.实时直接分析(direct analysis in real time,DART)是近年来出现的一种常压敞开式离子化新技术,在食品安全、环境监测、爆炸物检测以及生物医药等诸多研究领域均有广泛的应用.本文简单介绍了常压敞开式离子化方法的发展,DART的基本原理和研究现状.进而介绍了我国质谱研究人员在基于DART的质谱仪器改进、联用技术以及生物药物等检测分析方面取得的新进展和新成果.     

表面配位金属-有机框架薄膜HKUST-1在光电应用中的研究进展北大核心CSCD

金属-有机框架(MOFs)作为一种无机-有机杂化材料,由于其结构的多样性和独特的功能而在众多领域有着潜在的应用价值。尤其是液相外延层层组装的MOFs薄膜(称为表面配位MOFs薄膜,SURMOFs)因其具有可控的厚度、优选的生长取向以及均匀的表面等优点备受关注。本文总结了液相外延(LPE)层层组装MOFs薄膜的技术方法,如层层浸渍法、层层泵式法、层层喷雾法、层层旋涂法等组装方法,并介绍了经典的SURMOF HKUST-1的层层组装策略以及其在光致发光、光致变色、光催化以及电催化方面的相关应用。HKUST-1是经典的SURMOF材料之一,在光电领域具有广泛的应用,SURMOF HKUST-1具有以下独特的性能:可以作为发光载体实现良好的光学性能;具有独特的Cu催化活性位点的优势,有效地降解水中的污染物;因其具有介电特性而在电子器件方面有着潜在的应用。虽然HKUST-1在许多方面均具有独特的性能,但也面临着一些挑战:需要将薄膜的合成步骤简单化;薄膜结构和电催化行为间的机理也需要进一步的研究;降低HKUST-1的内阻的方法也需要进行改进。SURMOFs在大规模工业应用和扩展到其它未探索的领域还任重道远。     

Current Trend in Synthesis,Post‐Synthetic Modifications and Biological Applications of Nanometal‐Organic Frameworks (NMOFs)

Since the early reports of MOFs and their interesting properties, research involving these materials has grown wide in scope and applications. Various synthetic approaches have ensued in view of obtaining materials with optimised properties, the extensive scope of application spanning from energy, gas sorption, catalysis biological applications has meant exponentially evolved over the years. The far‐reaching synthetic and PSM approaches and porosity control possibilities have continued to serve as a motivation for research on these materials. With respect to the biological applications, MOFs have shown promise as good candidates in applications involving drug delivery, BioMOFs, sensing, imaging amongst others. Despite being a while away from successful entry into the market, observed results in sensing, drug delivery, and imaging put these materials on the spot light as candidates poised to usher in a revolution in biology. In this regard, this review article focuses current approaches in synthesis, post functionalization and biological applications of these materials with particular attention on drug delivery, imaging, sensing and BioMOFs.     

Supramolecular gels: functions and uses

In recent years there has been immense interest in studying gels derived from low molecular mass gelators (supramolecular, or simply molecular gels). The motivation for this is not only to understand the fundamental aggregate structures in the gels at different length scales, but also to explore their potential for futuristic technological applications. Gels have been made sensitive to external stimuli like light and chemical entities by incorporating a spectroscopically active or a receptor unit as part of the gelator molecule. This makes them suitable for applications such as sensing and actuating. The diversity of gel structural architectures has allowed them to be utilized as templates to prepare novel inorganic superstructures for possible applications in catalysis and separation. Gels derived from liquid crystals (anisotropy gels) that can act as dynamically functional materials have been prepared, for example, for (re-writable) information recording. Supramolecular gels can be important in controlled release applications, in oil recovery, for gelling cryogenic fuels etc. They can also serve as media for a range of applications. This tutorial review highlights some of the instructive work done by various groups to develop smart and functional gels, and covers a wide spectrum of scientific interest ranging from medicine to materials science.     

Nanomaterials in Electroanalytical Chemistry

The study of nanomaterials has emerged as a dynamic area in analytical chemistry in which the nanomaterial size and unique surface properties permit nanomaterials to find wide potential applications. The following presents a brief introduction of the study and possible applications of nanomaterials in electrochemistry.     

Soft nanotechnology with soft nanoparticles

The last decade of research in the physical sciences has seen a dramatic increase in the study of nanoscale materials. Today, "nanoscience" has emerged as a multidisciplinary effort, wherein obtaining a fundamental understanding of the optical, electrical, magnetic, and mechanical properties of nanostructures promises to deliver the next generation of functional materials for a wide range of applications. While this range of efforts is extremely broad, much of the work has focused on "hard" materials, such as Buckyballs, carbon nanotubes, metals, semiconductors, and organic or inorganic dielectrics. Meanwhile, the soft materials of current interest typically include conducting or emissive polymers for "plastic electronics" applications. Despite the continued interest in these established areas of nanoscience, new classes of soft nanomaterials are being developed from more traditional polymeric constructs. Specifically, nanostructured hydrogels are emerging as a promising group of materials for multiple biotechnology applications as the need for advanced materials in the post-genomic era grows. This review will present some of the recent advances in the marriage between water-swellable networks and nanoscience.     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Chain-End Functionalized Glycopolymers

Glycopolymers as multivalent clusters of carbohydrate derivatives have been proven effective tools in the study of carbohydrate-based biological processes and have shown great potential in biomedical applications. It has been found that the shape and size of glycopolymers, as well as the density and relative positioning of their glycan appendages, are very important regarding their effectiveness in bio-interactions. Recently, a variety of chain-end functionalized polymers have been explored for the preparation of structurally well-defined glycopolymers that have potential protein modification and microarray fabrication applications. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis and biomedical applications of chain-end functionalized glycopolymers.     

Neutron reflection from supported lipid membranes

Neutron reflection has become a popular tool to study supported lipid membranes, demonstrating the advantages of the structural and compositional insights given by H/D contrast variation in biophysical membrane studies. While technical advances such as magnetic contrast variation and new data-analysis techniques have increased the accuracy of data modeling and interpretation, the use of complementary techniques has widened the range of membrane applications studied and allowed the investigation of more complex systems. This review describes the major technical developments in the membrane systems studied as well as their rapidly increasing number of applications.     

Applications of Titanium Dioxide Nanostructure in Stomatology

Breakthroughs in the field of nanotechnology, especially in nanochemistry and nanofabrication technologies, have been attracting much attention, and various nanomaterials have recently been developed for biomedical applications. Among these nanomaterials, nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) has been widely valued in stomatology due to the fact of its excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and photocatalytic activity as well as its potential use for applications such as dental implant surface modification, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, drug delivery carrier, dental material additives, and oral tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, the biosafety of nano-TiO₂ is controversial and has become a key constraint in the development of nano-TiO₂ applications in stomatology. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent research regarding the applications of nano-TiO₂ in stomatology, with an emphasis on its performance characteristics in different fields, and evaluations of the biological security of nano-TiO₂ applications. In addition, we discuss the challenges, prospects, and future research directions regarding applications of nano-TiO₂ in stomatology that are significant and worthy of further exploration.