Diels-Alder cycloadditions of functionalized (Z)-1-benzylidene-2-methylene cyclohexanes: the beneficial effect of high pressure

Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions have been studied on substituted (Z)-1-benzylidene-2-methylene cyclohexanes 3. The use of very reactive dienophiles allowed the formation of the expected polycyclic structures whereas hyperbaric conditions (16 kbar) were necessary to form the adducts with less reactive dienophiles. An exo stereoselectivity was observed during the reaction with acrylates.     

Formal [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of N-sulfonyl-2,2-biindoles: synthesis of indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles and indigo azines

The formal [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of readily available N-sulfonyl-2,2^′-biindoles with various dienophiles is reported. The reaction with carbon-centered dienophiles leading to indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles is facilitated by the sulfonyl group, which is lost as part of the aromatization process. Reaction with aza-dienophiles gives access to indigo azines.     

Reactive diene for synthesis of substituted catechols

(2R,3R)-2,3-Dimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-5,6-dimethylene-1,4-dioxane has been synthesized and is a highly efficient diene in Diels-Alder reactions. Reaction with acetylenic dienophiles provides a simple route to substituted catechols. Reactions with some ethylenic dienophiles are also reported.     

A facile and efficient synthesis of enyne-reaction precursors by multicomponent reactions

Using improved reaction protocols for three-component coupling reactions of aldehydes, dienophiles, and amides (AAD-reaction) or anhydrides (ANAD-reaction) or orthoesters (ALAD-reaction), a variety of functionalized hexahydroisoindolo derivatives were synthesized and fully characterized. Condensation of ubiquitous available aldehydes with unsaturated amides or anhydrides or orthoesters and subsequent Diels-Alder reactions with electron deficient dienophiles furnishes endo-selective enyne-reaction precursors in good to excellent yield.     

Dehalogenation of o-dihalogen substituted arenes and α,α′-dihalogen substituted o-xylenes with lanthanum metal

It was found that lanthanum metal caused the dehalogenation of o-dihalogen substituted arenes and α,α′-dihalogen substituted o-xylenes to generate the corresponding benzynes and o-quinodimethanes. When o-dihalogen substituted arenes were allowed to react with lanthanum metal in the presence of dienes, the Diels-Alder products between benzyne and dienes were formed in moderate to good yields. Similarly, the Diels-Alder adducts of o-quinodimethane with dienophiles were obtained, in the reaction of α,α′-dibromo-o-xylenes with lanthanum metal in the presence of dienophiles.     

Synthesis of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzoxazol-2-ones by a highly regioselective Diels-Alder cycloaddition of exo-oxazolidin-2-one dienes with chalcones

The synthesis of novel of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzoxazol-2-ones is herein reported. They were obtained in moderate to good yields by a highly regio- and stereoselective Diels-Alder cycloaddition of N-substituted exo-oxazolidin-2-one dienes with chalcones or bis-chalcones as dienophiles.     

New synthetic approach to α-fluoro-β-arylvinyl sulfones and their application in Diels-Alder reactions

A new pathway towards α-fluoro-β-arylvinyl sulfones was elaborated. The reaction of β-bromo-β-fluorostyrenes with sodium 4-methylphenylsulfinate proceeds with maximum 94:6 stereoselectivity and 72-90% yields. The formed α-fluoro-β-arylvinyl sulfones were found to be good dienophiles for Diels-Alder reactions with simple 1,3-dienes. From corresponding (E)-configured dienophiles and cyclopentadiene, cycloadducts bearing the fluorine substituent in exo-position were formed predominantly, while with diphenylisobenzofuran the products with endo-orientation of the fluorine were obtained as the major products. From these cycloadducts, as a proof of principle, p-toluenesulfinic acid was eliminated to give 2-fluoro-3-(4-nitrophenyl)norbornadiene, the formal [4+2]-cycloadduct of cyclopentadiene and 1-fluoro-2-(4-nitrophenyl)acetylene, or the corresponding diphenylisobenzofuran cycloadducts, respectively. This reaction was not successful when other β-hydrogen atoms are accessible for elimination.     

Reactions of thebaine with cis- and trans-disubstituted dienophiles

Thebaine has been shown to undergo Diels-Alder reactions with trans-disubstituted ethylenes containing relatively bulky groups. These were correlated with reactions in which the corresponding cis-disubstituted dienophiles were used. Reductions, Grignard reactions and base-catalyzed rearrangements of the adducts are described.     

A tandem decarboxylation and inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of amino-thiophenecarboxylic acids with 1,3,5-triazines

The scope of 1,3,5-triazine inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IDA) reactions was expanded to include aminothiophenecarboxylic acids as latent dienophiles. A series of 2-amino-3-thiophenecarboxylic acids (1a-d) and a 3-amino-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (5) were introduced as productive dienophiles in IDA reactions with various 1,3,5-triazines (2a-e). This method is useful for the one-step synthesis of both thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines and thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines, which should complement existing methods.     

syn-π-Face- and endo-selective, inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reactions of 3,4-di-tert-butylthiophene 1-oxide with electron-rich dienophiles

Diels-Alder reactions of 3,4-di-tert-butylthiophene 1-oxide with oxygen (or sulfur)-substituted dienophiles and with simple alkenic dienophiles, which are classified as an inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction on the basis of DFT calculations, took place exclusively at the syn-π-face of the diene with respect to the SO bond to provide the corresponding adducts in high yields.     

Diels-Alder reaction of α-tropolone and electron-deficient dienophiles prompted by Et3N or silica gel: a new synthetic method of highly functionalized homobarrelenone derivatives

A Diels-Alder reaction of α-tropolone and electron-deficient dienophiles prompted by Et₃N or silica gel was performed. Reaction with the highly reactive dienophile, N-methylmaleimide, proceeded smoothly in the presence of Et₃N or silica gel to yield adducts as a mixture of endo and exo isomers. Both catalysts accelerated endo/exo isomerization of the product, and detailed examination of the reaction using hinokitiol and N-methylmaleimide revealed that isomerization proceeds via an intramolecular path without retro Diels-Alder reaction. Successful cycloaddition reactions were established with six other dienophiles: acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, ethyl vinyl ketone, dimethyl fumalate, dimethyl malate, and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and the corresponding adducts were obtained in good to moderate yields.     

Diels-Alder adducts derived from the natural phthalide Z-ligustilide

Z-Ligustilide, a naturally occurring phthalide isolated from Ligusticum porteri, underwent Diels-Alder reactions with different dienophiles yielding novel tricyclic products with potentially interesting biological properties. Where selectivity was possible, the reactions performed showed regio- and stereoselectivity. The experimental results with ethyl acrylate were compared with the selectivity predicted by ab initio calculations.     

A new procedure for the preparation of 2-vinylindoles and their [4+2] cycloaddition reaction

A new approach for the synthesis of 2-vinylindole derivatives by 5-exo mode cyclization of 2-(3-silyloxymethylallenyl)anilines was developed. The starting allenylanilines were easily prepared by the Stille coupling of o-iodoaniline and allenylstannanes. The formed 2-vinylindole derivatives were transformed into several carbazole derivatives via the [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with suitable dienophiles.     

A novel and facile stereocontrolled synthetic method for polyhydro-quinolines and pyridopyridazines via a diene-transmissive Diels-Alder reaction involving inverse electron-demand hetero Diels-Alder cycloaddition of cross-conjugated azatrienes

Cross-conjugated azatrienes bearing an electron-withdrawing sulfonyl or benzoyl group on the nitrogen atom underwent, on heating or in the presence of a Lewis acid (TMSOTf), an initial inverse electron-demand hetero Diels-Alder reaction with electron-rich dienophiles (vinyl ether, vinyl thioether, and allenyl ether) to produce 1:1 cycloadducts with high endo selectivity. The initial cycloadducts thus obtained underwent a second Diels-Alder reaction stereoselectively on the newly formed diene unit with electron-deficient dienophiles to give the crossed bis-cycloadducts, octahydroquinolines, with high diastereo-π-facial selectivity. The N-sulfonylazatrienes tethering an ortho-cinnamyloxyphenyl dienophile at the triene terminal underwent an initial intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction of the inverse electron-demand type. The subsequent second Diels-Alder reaction of the formed mono-cycloadducts completed the diene-transmissive hetero Diels-Alder protocol to give benzopyrano[3,4-c]quinolines in a highly stereoselective manner.     

Easy access to N-aryl, N-heteroarylbenzoxazolinones and 4-aza analogues via Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions

An improved method for the synthesis of N-aryl, N-heteroarylbenzoxazolinones and their 4-aza analogues is described. The process involves the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of benzoxazinic or pyridoxazinic dienic systems with dienophiles as a key step.     

Zur Diels-Alder-Reaktion der Dihydro-6-styryl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone

Dihydro-6-styryl-2(1H)-pyrimidinones react with dienophiles such as maleic anhydride in form of aDiels—Alder reaction.     

Diels-Alder reaction of eight-membered cyclic siloxydienes

Eight-membered cyclic siloxydienes, 2-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-1-methyl-5-oxacycloocta-1,3-diene and 2-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-oxacycloocta-1,3-diene, were prepared from δ-valerolactone, and their Diels-Alder reactions with various dienophiles are reported.     

Diels-Alder reaction in protic ionic liquids

Protic imidazolium ionic liquids have been tested as reaction media in the Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and two dienophiles (dimethyl maleate and methyl acrylate). Good conversions and endo/exo selectivities were achieved. The activation of the dienophile by hydrogen bonding with protic imidazolium ILs was demonstrated.     

Synthesis and Diels-Alder reactions of α-fluoro- and α-trifluoromethylacrylonitriles

A novel synthetic method for the preparation of α-fluoro- and the still unknown α-trifluoromethylacrylonitriles is elaborated. The reaction of α-fluorovinylbromides and α-trifluoromethylvinylbromides with CuCN leads to the title compounds in good to high yields. While the α-fluoroacrylonitriles were isolated as mixture of Z/E-isomers, the α-trifluoromethylacrylonitriles were obtained as pure Z-isomers. The α-trifluoromethylacrylonitriles are shown to be excellent dienophiles for Diels-Alder reactions.     

Propellanes-li. diels-alder reactions of 12-methyl-12-aza [4.4.3] propella-2,4,7,9-tetraene with nitroso-aromatic dienophiles1

Regiospecificity in attack of the title-bis-diene by aromatic nitroso compounds as dienophilic components is lower than that of other dienophiles of the triazolinedione type.