Iron triflate catalyzed reductive amination of aldehydes using sodium borohydride

An efficient and convenient procedure for the reductive amination of aldehydes using NaBH₄ in the presence of catalytic amount of Fe(OTf)₃ is described.     

Reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones using sodium borohydride in the presence of silica chloride under solvent free conditions

<正>A simple and convenient procedure for the preparation of amines from aldehydes and ketones with sodium borohydride activated by silica chloride as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions is described.A variety of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes,ketones and amines when mixed with NaBH_4/silica chloride at room temperature,afforded excellent yield of the corresponding amines.     

Reductive dechlorination of atrazine using sodium-borohydride catalysed by cobalt(II) phthalocyanines

A series of functional metallophthalocyanines have been synthesized to study their role as a catalyst towards the reductive dechlorination of atrazine using sodium borohydride as a mild reducing agent. The cobalt(II) phthalocyanine bearing nitro groups at the peripheral position is the most efficient catalyst with exceptionally high catalytic activity in comparison to other functional cobalt(II) phthalocyanines.     

Direct and indirect reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones with solid acid-activated sodium borohydride under solvent-free conditions

A simple and convenient procedure for reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones using sodium borohydride activated by boric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate or benzoic acid as reducing agent under solvent-free conditions is described.     

Solvent-free reduction of aldehydes and ketones using solid acid-activated sodium borohydride

A simple and convenient procedure for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones with sodium borohydride activated by solid acids such as boric acid, benzoic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate under solvent-free conditions is described.     

Reduction of nitrobenzene derivatives using sodium borohydride and transition metal sulfides

Reported here is the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds using sodium borohydride and transition metal sulfides as catalysts. The reaction conditions were optimized using the reduction of nitrobenzene as a model reaction. The catalysts studied were iron sulfide (Fe₃S₄), copper sulfide (CuS), zinc sulfide (ZnS), cobalt sulfide (Co₃S₄), and nickel sulfide (NiS). The reduction was monitored using gas chromatography. Quantitative conversions were achieved using Co₃S₄ and NiS, representing a ten-fold increase in reactivity compared to the non-catalyzed reaction. Fe₃S₄ and ZnS had no apparent effect on the reduction of nitrobenzene while the reduction using CuS showed a marginal increase. The reduction method was applied to several aryl-nitro derivatives containing either electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups. Halogen containing aryl-nitro compounds were reduced without dehalogenation. The reduction had no effect on other functional groups such as carboxylic acids, esters, amides, or alkenes, indicating that the reduction is highly chemoselective.     

Thermal properties of alkaline sodium borohydride solutions

Alkaline sodium borohydride solutions are potential hydrogen sources for fuel cells. Thermal properties of the NaBH₄–NaOH–H₂O ternary system were measured by DSC and temperature-rise calorimetry. Liquidus temperatures showed that it is possible to store and use the solutions well below 0 °C if NaOH concentration is less than 20 wt%. The solubility of sodium borohydride was found to be large in these solutions, but decreased with increasing NaOH concentration. The optimum composition for alkaline borohydride solutions seems to be 15 wt% NaBH₄ in 10 wt% NaOH considering both the liquidus temperature and hydrogen storage density.     

Reduction of aromatic and aliphatic keto esters using sodium borohydride/MeOH at room temperature: a thorough investigation

Reduction of keto esters is a valuable alternative to produce diols. Sodium borohydride/MeOH system at room temperature and short reaction time efficiently reduced α, β, γ, and δ-keto esters having α-keto esters as the most reactive. The ester functionality was reduced effectively due to the presence of oxo group that somehow facilitates the formation of ring intermediate. As expected, the chemoselective experiments showed that ester functionality was not reduced using this system. This study presents a simple, easy, and benign reduction process of various keto esters to its corresponding diols.     

Ultrafast room-temperature reduction of graphene oxide by sodium borohydride,sodium molybdate and hydrochloric acid

Since graphene-based materials have shown great potential in many fields,it is important to explore ultrafast and high-efficient methods to synthesize reduced graphene oxide(rGO) using inexpensive reducing agents under mild conditions.Here,we reported a novel method for the ultrafast chemical reduction of graphene oxide(GO) at room temperature using sodium borohydride(NaBH₄),sodium molybdate(Na₂MoO₄) and hydrochloric acid(HCl).The reduction was carried out within 2 min.A series of characterization results revealed that the obtained reduced graphene oxide has higher reduction degree than that synthesized by NaBH₄ alone at high temperature.Moreover,rGO electrode based on the present reducing method exhibited a superior specific capacitance of 139.8 F/g at a current density of1 A/g,indicating that it can be used as electrode materials for supercapacitors.     

Reductive amination of carbonyl compounds using NaBH4 in a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid

Reductive amination of carbonyl compounds using sodium borohydride is conducted in the Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, 1-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([HMIm][BF₄]). The ionic liquid plays the dual role of solvent as well as catalyst for efficient conversion of aldehydes and ketones to amines in excellent yields without the formation of side products.     

Reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding amines with N-methylpyrrolidine zinc borohydride

A simple and convenient procedure for reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones using N-methylpyrrolidine zinc borohydride (ZBHNMP) as a reducing agent is described. The reactions are carried out with 1 equiv of amine and 1 equiv of aldehyde or ketone using 1 equiv of ZBHNMP in methanol under neutral conditions at room temperature.     

AgOTf-catalyzed one-pot reaction of 2-alkynylbenzaldehyde, amine, and sodium borohydride

One-pot reactions of 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes, amines, and sodium borohydride catalyzed by AgOTf under mild conditions provide a facile protocol for the concise synthesis of 1,2-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives.     

Borane-catalyzed hydroboration of substituted alkenes by lithium borohydride or sodium borohydride

In the presence of a catalytic amount of BH₃·Me₂S, TiCl₄ or Me₃SiCl, LiBH₄ or NaBH₄ are capable of hydroborating alkenes by following the unusual order of decreasing reactivity: tetramethylethylene > 1-methylcyclohexene > cyclohexene; the key step of the catalytic cycle is the exchange reaction between LiBH₄ and the mono- or dialkylboranes resulting from hydroboration of the more substituted alkenes with BH₃.     

Synthesis of glucuronic acid derivatives via the efficient and selective removal of a C6 methyl group

This investigation is related to the development of a general strategy for the synthesis of certain glucuronic acid derivatives. In particular, we report exceptionally selective conditions for removing the C6 methyl protecting group by potassium hydroxide without affecting the benzoyl protecting groups on the C2, C3 and C4 hydroxyl groups in high yields (95–99%). The present method proves to be efficient and environmentally friendly in terms of short reaction time, high yield and the single product.     

硼氢化钠水解制氢的研究

采用置换镀的方法在泡沫镍基体上获得不同载钌量的NaBH4水解制氢催化剂。实验结果表明，NaBH4水解制氢反应为零级反应，氢气生成速率随载钌量的增加而变快；当泡沫镍表面完全被钌覆盖时，载钌量为6%，相应的催化能力最强。与离子交换树脂载钌催化剂相比，泡沫镍载钌催化剂更稳定、耐用。实验还证实，30%比35%的NaBH4水溶液在相同的催化剂作用下更易发生水解反应；NaBH4水溶液中加入少量的NaOH有助于提高钌催化剂的催化性能。通过对NaBH4储氢体系的能量计算，说明采用该氢源体系的微型燃料电池的能量密度有望达到甚至超过锂离子电池的比能量水平。     

CoB催化剂制备中的溶剂效应及催化硼氢化钠水解产氢的性能

分别以不同粘度和极性的水、甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇为溶剂制备了钴硼催化剂,并通过X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和N₂吸附等表征手段对溶剂效应进行了深入探索.所制备的钴硼催化剂具有非晶结构,且随着溶剂粘度的增加,粒子团聚现象加剧.不同溶剂中制备的钴硼催化剂对于硼氢化钠水解产氢反应的活性具有显著差异,XPS测试表明钴元素和硼元素均以元素态及氧化态形式存在,而且不同溶剂中制备的钴硼催化剂具有不同的表面钴/硼比,具有高钴/硼比的催化剂有更好的催化性能.从溶剂的粘度、溶剂分子的空间位阻效应等方面对溶剂效应进行了分析,并提出了钴硼催化剂在不同溶剂中可能的形成机理.     

Sodium borohydride efficiently removes copper from amino acid-copper complexes

Sodium borohydride very efficiently removed copper from amino acid-copper complexes. The copper in the amino acid-copper complex was reduced to insoluble copper(I) oxide and the free amino acid was released in pure form. This method is rapid, nontoxic and inexpensive compared to the currently used methods.     

Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate: A homogeneous catalyst in the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride

Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate was employed for the first time as homogeneous catalyst in the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate was not reduced by sodium borohydride under the experimental conditions and remains unchanged after the catalysis. Poisoning experiments with mercury and trimethylphosphite provide compelling evidence for the fact that ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate is indeed a homogenous catalyst in the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. Kinetics of the ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate catalyzed hydrolysis of sodium borohydride was studied depending on the catalyst concentration, substrate concentration, and temperature. The hydrogen generation was found to be first order with respect to both the substrate concentration and catalyst concentration. The activation parameters of this reaction were also determined from the evaluation of the kinetic data: activation energy; E_a = 58.2 ± 2.6 kJ mol⁻¹, the enthalpy of activation; ΔH^# = 55.7 ± 2.5 kJ mol⁻¹ and the entropy of activation ΔS^# = 118 ± 5 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹. Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate was found to be highly active catalyst providing 1200 turnovers over 180 min in hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride before deactivation.     

Preparation of calcium cyclopentadienyl complexes using calcium borohydride

Calcium borohydride reacts with sodium cyclopentadienyl compounds in tetrahydrofuran solution to give the corresponding calcium cyclopentadienyl complexes. The reaction proceeds easily and gives high yields.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 377–378, February, 1993.