Synthesis of [carbonyl-C]acetophenone via the Stille cross-coupling reaction of [1-C]acetyl chloride with tributylphenylstannane mediated by Pd2(dba)3/P(MeNCH2CH2)3N·HCl

The Stille cross-coupling reaction of [1-¹¹C]acetyl chloride with tributylphenylstannane leading to [carbonyl-¹¹C]acetophenone was studied with the goal of developing a new ¹¹C-labeling method for positron emission tomography tracer synthesis. The coupled product [carbonyl-¹¹C]acetophenone was synthesized using the Pd₂(dba)₃/P(MeNCH₂CH₂)₃N·HCl system with a 60-61% radiochemical conversion from [1-¹¹C]acetyl chloride (decay-corrected, n = 3).     

IR and Raman spectra of two layered aluminium phosphates Co(en)3Al3P4O16 · 3H2O and [NH4]3[Co(NH3)6]3[Al2(PO4)4]2 · 2H2O

The FT IR and FT Raman spectra of Co(en)₃Al₃P₄O₁₆ · 3H₂O (compound I) and [NH₄]₃[Co(NH₃)₆]₃[Al₂(PO₄)₄]₂ · 2H₂O (compound II) are recorded and analysed based on the vibrations of Co(en)₃³⁺, Co(NH₃)₆³⁺, NH₄⁺, Al---O---P, PO₃, PO₂ and H₂O. The observed splitting of bands indicate that the site symmetry and correlation field effects are appreciable in both the compounds. In compound I, the overtone of CH₂ deformation Fermi resonates with its symmetric stretching vibration. The NH₄ ion in compound II is not free to rotate in the crystalline lattice. Hydrogen bonding of different groups is also discussed.     

First total synthesis of labeled EPA and DHA-derived A-type cyclopentenone isoprostanoids: [D2]-15-A3t-IsoP and [D2]-17-A4t-NeuroP

A-type cyclopentenone isoprostanoids are abundantly formed in vivo by radical peroxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are consumed daily for the prevention of cardiovascular and neurological pathologies. To facilitate in depth studies concerning the effects of these oxidized isoprostanoids on human health, labeled derivatives are necessary. In this paper, we have accomplished the first total synthesis of labeled A-type cyclopentenone isoprostanoids, namely 17,18-[D₂]-15-A_3t-IsoP and 19,20-[D₂]-17-A_4t-NeuroP. The two enantioselective routes are highly convergent, stemming from a common intermediate, readily available by a Julia–Kocienski reaction, and feature the semihydrogenation of an alkyne moiety for the installation of the labeled lower side chain.     

Synthesis and characterization of three new fluorovanadate complexes: N(C2H5)4[VOF4], N(CH3)4[VOF3Cl], N(C4H9)4[VOF3Br] and theoretical calculations of VOF4, VOF3Cl and VOF3Br ions

The reaction of VOF₃ with (C₂H₅)₄NF, (CH₃)₄NCl and (C₄H₉)₄NBr salts in anhydrous CH₃CN produced new complexes with the anion general formula [VOF₃X]⁻ in that (X = F⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻). These were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV/Visible and ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy. The optimized geometries and frequencies of the stationary point are calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G level of theory. Theoretical results showed that the VX (X = F, Cl, Br) bond length values for the [VOF₃X]⁻ in compounds 1-3 are 1.8247, 2.4031 and 2.5595 Å, respectively. Also, the VF₅ bond length values in [VOF₃X]⁻ are 1.824, 1.812 and 1.802 Å, respectively. These results reveal that the bond order for VX bonds decrease from compounds 1 to 3, while for VF₅ bonds, the bond orders increase. It can be concluded that the decrease of VX bonds lengths and the increase of VF₅ bond lengths in compounds 1-3 result from the increase of the hyperconjugation from compounds 1 to 3. Harmonic vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities for VOF₄⁻, VOF₃Cl⁻ and VOF₃Br⁻ are studied by means of theoretical and experimental methods. The calculated frequencies are in reasonable agreement with the experiment values. These data can be used in models of phosphoryl transfer enzymes because vanadate can often bind to phosphoryl transfer enzymes to form a trigonal-bipyramidal structure at the active site.     

Spectroscopic properties of guanidinium zinc sulphate [C(NH2)3]2Zn(SO4)2 and ab initio calculations of [C(NH2)3]2 and HC(NH2)3

Raman and FTIR spectra of guanidinium zinc sulphate [C(NH₂)₃]₂Zn(SO₄)₂ are recorded and the spectral bands assignment is carried out in terms of the fundamental modes of vibration of the guanidinium cations and sulphate anions. The analysis of the spectrum reveals distorted SO₄²⁻ tetrahedra with distinct S–O bonds. The distortion of the sulphate tetrahedra is attributed to Zn–O–S–O–Zn bridging in the structure as well as hydrogen bonding. The CN₃ group is planar which is expressed in the twofold symmetry along the C–N (1) vector. Spectral studies also reveal the presence of hydrogen bonds in the sample. The vibrational frequencies of [C(NH₂)₃]₂ and HC(NH₂)₃ are computed using Gaussian 03 with HF/6-31G* as basis set.     

An efficient synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles via B(C6F5)3 catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of nitriles and sodium azide

A simple and efficient protocol is developed for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives from various nitriles and sodium azide (NaN₃) via [3+2] cycloaddition reaction using B(C₆F₅)₃ as a catalyst. The present synthetic method displayed significant advantages such as low catalyst loading, mild reaction conditions, low toxicity, easy work-up, high yields, and compatibility with other functional groups.     

A novel one-pot palladium-mediated synthesis of N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-(4-phenoxy-3-pyridinyl) acetamide, the precursor to [C]PBR28, a PET biomarker for the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor

Due to an urgent need to image the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) in living human subjects using positron emission tomography imaging, we had cause to prepare N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-(4-phenoxy-3-pyridinyl) acetamide (desmethyl-PBR28 (1)), the precursor to [¹¹C]PBR28. Herein, we report a new synthesis of the precursor in which palladium-mediated reduction of the nitro pyridine to the corresponding amino pyridine, and subsequent reductive amination, can be achieved with decaborane in a convenient one-pot procedure. This procedure is operationally simpler than the current alternatives and provides high quality precursor suitable for use in clinical applications.     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法分离金属配合物｛Fe［3-(2-吡啶基)-5,6-二苯基-1,2,4-三嗪］3｝2+几何异构体

采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法分离测定了金属配合物｛Fe［3-(2-吡啶基)-5,6-二苯基-1,2,4-三嗪］3｝2+ (［Fe(PDT)3］2+)的两种几何异构体,研究了流动相中有机改性剂(乙腈、甲醇)的含量、不同种类和浓度的离子对试剂(高氯酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS))对色谱分离的影响。并在不同的试验条件下,对所获得的色谱参数(保留因子(k)、分离度、选择性因子等)进行了探讨。在不同种类及浓度的离子对试剂条件下,二元流动相中乙腈的含量与两种几何异构体的ln k之间均呈显著的线性关系。研究进一步发现SDS的浓度变化对异构体的保留因子影响程度更为显著。在上述实验的基础上,引入更能灵活调节洗脱强度和分离度的三元流动相(乙腈/甲醇/水),优化选择了三元流动相中有机改性剂的比例以及离子对试剂的种类和浓度,使得异构体的色谱分离得到了满意的结果。实验结果表明,异构体的峰面积(A)和浓度(C)之间的线性关系良好,面式和经式异构体的检测限分别为4.28和3.44 ng/mL (S/N=3)。     

Syntheses, structures, and magnetic and optical properties of the compounds [Hg3Te2][UCl6] and [Hg4As2][UCl6]

Two new quaternary salts, [Hg₃Te₂][UCl₆] and [Hg₄As₂][UCl₆], have been synthesized and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. [Hg₃Te₂][UCl₆] is the product of a reaction involving UCl₄, HgCl₂, and HgTe at 873 K. The compound crystallizes in space group P2₁/c of the monoclinic system. [Hg₄As₂][UCl₆] results from the reaction of U, Hg₂Cl₂, and As at 788 K. It crystallizes in space group Pbca of the orthorhombic system. [Hg₃Te₂][UCl₆] has a two-dimensional framework of layers, whereas [Hg₄As₂][UCl₆] has a three-dimensional framework of layers interconnected by Hg atoms linearly bonded to As atoms. Both framework structures contain discrete [UCl₆]²⁻ anions between the layers. [Hg₃Te₂][UCl₆] exhibits temperature-independent paramagnetism. The optical absorption spectra of these compounds display f-f transitions.     

含[Cp*MS3]-的钼(钨)/铜(银)/硫簇合物合成及结构化学的新进展

本文在研究[PPh4][Cp*MS3](M=Mo,W)配体与铜（银,金,钯）盐及其配合物反应的同时,根据簇合物中所含的金属原子核数,把合成的23个簇合物合成九类（即：MM′型,MM2′型,MM′3型,M2M′3型,M2M′6型,M3M′6型,M3M′7型,M4M′4型,M4M′8型）,并对各类簇合物的典型结构特征进行了总结。     

Synthesis of substituted imidazolines via [3+2]-cycloaddition of aziridines with nitriles

An efficient synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted 1H-imidazolines from aziridines and nitriles in the presence of BF₃-Et₂O or triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate has been described. The reaction proceeds via a [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction. Most of the nitriles successfully underwent cycloaddition reactions with aziridines even at room temperature in a very short time.     

FeCl3-SiO2 as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles via [2+3] cycloaddition of nitriles and sodium azide

An efficient method for the preparation of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives is reported using FeCl₃-SiO₂ as an effective heterogeneous catalyst. This method has the advantages of high yields, simple methodology, and easy work-up. The catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and reused delivering good yields.     

Synthesis and characterization of some novel cadmium(II) complexes with 3-hydroxypicolinic acid (3-OHpicH): Crystal and molecular structures of [CdI(3-OHpic)(3-OHpicH)(H2O)]2, [Cd(3-OHpic)2(H2O)2] and [Cd(3-OHpic)2]n

Cadmium(II) complexes of 3-hydroxypicolinic acid, namely [CdI(3-OHpic)(3-OHpicH)(H₂O)]₂ (1), [Cd(3-OHpic)₂(H₂O)₂] (2) and [Cd(3-OHpic)₂]_n (3) were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR) and their molecular and crystal structures were determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 were prepared in similar reaction conditions using different cadmium(II) salts: cadmium(II) iodide and cadmium(II) acetate dihydrate, respectively, while 3 was prepared by recrystallization of 2 from N,N-dimethylformamide solution. Various coordination modes of 3-OHpicH in 1–3 were established in the solid state: bidentate N,O-chelated mode in 1 and 2, monodentate mode through the carboxylate O atom from zwitterionic ligand in 1 and bidentate N,O-chelated and bridging mode in 3. In the DMF solution of all prepared complexes, only monodentate mode of 3-OHpicH binding to cadmium(II) through the carboxylate O atom was established by ¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N and ¹¹³Cd NMR spectroscopy.     

Simple NMR method for assigning relative stereochemistry of bridged bicyclo[3.n.1]-2-enes and tricyclo[7.n.1.0]-2-enes

The stereochemistry of syn and anti-forms of bridged bicyclo[3.n.1]-2-ene, tricyclo[7.n.1.0]-2-ene (n=1-3) and bicyclo[4.3.1]dec-7-ene derivatives can be assigned from the ¹³C chemical shift difference of the double bond. Both syn-9-R-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-enes and syn-13-R-tricyclo[7.3.1.0^2,7]tridec-2(7)-enes have a large shielding difference between sp² carbons, while the corresponding anti-forms have a smaller one. In contrast, 8-R-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-enes and 12-R-tricyclo[7.2.1.0^2,7]dodec-2(7)-enes have an inverse correlation. The reason of this specificity is the influence of the γ-gauche effect on the chemical shift of C(2) atom. The GIAO theory has been applied to investigate the ¹³C chemical shifts. The conformational equilibrium in the formamide group of 13-formylamino-tricyclo[7.3.1.0^2,7]tridec-2(7)-enes has been studied.     

一维双核锌配合物[Zn2(SHSH)2(2-Me-py)2]的合成、晶体结构及理论研究

The crystal of one-dimensional binuclear zinc complex [Zn₂(SHSH)₂(2-Me-py)₂] was obtained in DMF and 2-methylpyridine, where SHSH is salicylaldehyde salicylhydrazone. It has been characterized by IR, UV, element analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystallographic data were as follows: monoclinic system, space group P2₁/c, a=1.144 49 nm, b=1.206 69 nm, c=1.379 39 nm, β=97.039°, Z=2, V=1.890 6 nm³, M_r=825.47, D_c=1.450 g·cm^-3, μ=1.324 mm-1, F(000)=848 and the final R=0.033 6 and wR=0.094 7 for 3 752 observed reflections with I≥2σ(I). The theoretical investigation of title complex as a structure unit was carried out at B3LYP/6-31G and HF/6-31G levels with Guassian 03W program, and the atomic charges, natural bond orbital analysis and bond energies were also discussed. CCDC: 260920.     

Study on the interactions between anti-tumor metal complexes and mononucleotides using trans -[en2Os(η2-H2)(CF3SO3)](CF3SO3) as a 1H NMR probe in a competitive mode

The interaction of several anti-tumor metal complexes with dGMP have been investigated using trans-[en₂Os(η²-H₂)]²⁺ as a ¹H NMR probe in a competitive mode. Me₂SnCl₂, Bu₂SnCl₂, Et₂Sn(phen)Cl₂ and Et₂SnCl₂can bind to dGMP mainly via phosphate; Cp₂TiCl₂ binds to dGMP mainly via phosphate and N₇. The binding constant for (CH₃)₂SnCl₂ binding to phosphate of dGMP exceeds 2.71×10⁴. The binding constant for Cp₂TiCl₂ to phosphate is even greater than that of Sn(IV). Cis-platin has high affinity for both N₇ and phosphate, but mainly for N₇. Binding of the probe to N₇ of dGMP reduces the binding affinity for phosphate of the same dGMP molecule by a factor of 5 to 6. Much the same factor is expected to apply to other metals containing agents interacting with dGMP.     

An efficient route to disymmetrically substituted calix[6]arenes. Synthesis of novel ligands presenting a N2S or N3CO2 binding core

The C_3v tris-methoxy calix[6]arene was selectively mono-alkylated by dibromoethane yielding a key intermediate for the design of disymmetrically O-substituted calix[6]arenes. Indeed, subsequent reactions with various functional groups afforded novel calix[6]arene-based biomimetic ligands that present a mixed donor N₂S or N₃CO₂⁻ environment in an efficient way.     

Synthesis of hexahydro[2]benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyridines as serotonin 5-HT2C receptor agonists via intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reactions

Hexahydro[2]benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyridines were synthesized by an intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction. The reaction was applicable to a range of substrates and the products could be easily converted into serotonin 5-HT_2C receptor agonists.     

Synthesis of hexahydro[2]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrroles as serotonin 5-HT2C receptor agonists via intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reactions

[2]Benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrroles were synthesized via an intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction. The reaction was applicable to a wide range of substrates and the products could be easily converted into serotonin 5-HT_2C receptor agonists.     

[Ru(bpy)3] nanocomposites containing heteropolyacids: Simple preparation and stable solid-state electrochemiluminescence detection application

In order to solidify the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophor tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺) onto the electrode surfaces robustly, the negative charged heteropolyacids (HPAs) moieties were utilized to attract and bond cations [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ via an adsorption method. The compositions and microstructures of the hybrid complexes were characterized by elemental analysis (EDS), spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis, FTIR) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The electrochemical and ECL behaviors of the [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺/[PW₁₂O₄₀]³⁻ hybrid complex contained in the solid film of the nanocomposites formed on the electrode surfaces were also studied. It was found that the corresponding solid membranes exhibited a diffusion-controlled voltammetric feature and excellent electrochemiluminescence behaviors. Hence potential prospects as new electrochemiluminescent materials for application in electroanalytical detection are envisioned.