Synthesis of substituted 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-4h-1,3-oxazines and 2-iminotetrahydro-1,3-oxazines

3,4,4,6-Tetramethyl-2-aryliminotetrahydro-1,3-oxazines were synthesized by intramolecular cyclization of N-aryl-N′-methyl-N′-(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentyl)-S-methylisothioureas. 4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(N-methyl-N-arylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines were obtained by methylation of 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-arylamino-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines.     

Stereocontrolled asymmetric synthesis of alpha-hydroxy-beta-amino acids. A stereodivergent approach

The stereocontrolled asymmetric synthesis of alpha-hydroxy-beta-amino acids has been investigated via the Lewis acid-promoted cyanation of (5R,6S)-2-acetoxy-4-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-5,6-diphenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-1,4-oxazines with trimethylsilyl cyanide. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the resulting cyano compounds proceeds with excellent stereoselectivity, providing access to diastereomerically pure oxazine-2-carboxylic acids which were readily converted to each enantiomer of the alpha-hydroxy-beta-amino acids isothreonine and nor-C-statine.     

Reactions of nitrosonium hexafluorophosphate with some olefinic compounds in acetonitrile: one step synthesis of 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazines

Reactions of nitrosonium hexafluorophosphate or tetrafluoroborate with olefins having aryl groups at an olefinic carbon atom at low temperature in acetonitrile afforded 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazines with two aryl groups at C-4 and C-6 in fair to good yields.     

Asymmetric synthesis of the cis- and trans-stereoisomers of 4-aminopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid and 4-aminotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid

The diastereoselective conjugate addition of lithium (S)-N-benzyl-N-[small alpha]-methylbenzylamide has been successfully applied to the first asymmetric syntheses of cis-(3S,4R)- and trans-(3R,4R)-4-aminotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acids (26% and 25% overall yield respectively, >98% d.e. and >97% e.e. in each case). Furthermore, the most efficient asymmetric synthesis to date of cis-(3R,4R)- and trans-(3R,4S)-4-aminopyrrolidine carboxylic acids is delineated: for cis-(3R,4R), four steps, >98% d.e., 52% overall yield; for trans-(3R,4S), five steps, >98% d.e., 50% overall yield.     

Concurrent induction of two chiral centers from symmetrical 3, 4-disubstituted and 3,3,4-trisubstituted 4-pentenals using Rh-catalyzed asymmetric cyclizations

Asymmetric cyclization of symmetrical 3,4-disubstituted and 3,3, 4-trisubstituted 4-pentenals was studied using Rh-complexes with chiral ligands. The cyclization of symmetrical 4-pentenals 4a,b by a neutral Rh[(R)-BINAP]Cl afforded cis-3,4-disubstituted (4R)-cyclopentanones 9a,b of >95% ee in 25-31% yields; on the other hand, the cyclization of 4a-c by a cationic Rh[(R)-BINAP]ClO(4) afforded trans-3,4-disubstituted (4S)-cyclopentanones 10a-c of >95% ee in 70-81% yields. All stereoisomers could be stereoselectively made by the selection of a neutral or cationic Rh-complex, and (R)- or (S)-BINAP ligand. The Rh-catalyzed cyclization could be applied to the construction of cyclopentanones 17 and 18 bearing a chiral quaternary carbon. The cyclization by the cationic Rh[(R)-BINAP]ClO(4) afforded the optically active trans-3,3, 4-trisubstituted cyclopentanones 18a-c of 92-95% ee in 75-83% yields. The catalytic cycle was also studied by using deuterium aldehyde, and the tentative mechanisms of the enantio- and diastereoselection were proposed.     

N-thioacyl 1,3-amino alcohols: synthesis via ring-opening of oxiranes with thioamide dianions and applications as key intermediates leading to stereochemically defined 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines and 1,3-amino alcohols

N-Thioacyl 1,3-amino alcohols were synthesized via the ring-opening of oxiranes with thioamide dianions generated from N-benzyl thioamides and BuLi in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner. The diastereomers of N-thioacyl 1,3-amino alcohols were readily separated by column chromatography to give stereochemically defined N-thioacyl 1,3-amino alcohols. They underwent intramolecular cyclization with Bu4F and EtI to give 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines. The reaction was specific with anti-N-thioacyl 1,3-amino alcohols, and cis-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines were obtained with high efficiency, whereas the reaction of a syn-alcohol gave a thioimidate as a major product. The reduction of N-thioacyl 1,3-amino alcohols with LiAlH4gave N-alkyl 1,3-amino alcohols in high yields. The use of optically active propylene oxide as a starting material gave the corresponding oxazine and alcohols in optically pure forms.     

Interconversion of the cis-5R,6S- and trans-5R,6R-thymine glycol lesions in duplex DNA

Thymine glycol (Tg), 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine, is formed in DNA by the reaction of thymine with reactive oxygen species. The 5R Tg lesion was incorporated site-specifically into 5'-d(G(1)T(2)G(3)C(4)G(5)Tg(6)G(7)T(8)T(9)T(10)G(11)T(12))-3'; Tg = 5R Tg. The Tg-modified oligodeoxynucleotide was annealed with either 5'-d(A(13)C(14)A(15)A(16)A(17)C(18)A(19)C(20)G(21)C(22)A(23)C(24))-3', forming the Tg(6) x A(19) base pair, corresponding to the oxidative damage of thymine in DNA, or 5'-d(A(13)C(14)A(15)A(16)A(17)C(18)G(19)C(20)G(21)C(22)A(23)C(24))-3', forming the mismatched Tg(6) x G(19) base pair, corresponding to the formation of Tg following oxidative damage and deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA. At 30 degrees C, the equilibrium ratio of cis-5R,6S:trans-5R,6R epimers was 7:3 for the duplex containing the Tg(6) x A (19) base pair. In contrast, for the duplex containing the Tg(6) x G(19) base pair, the cis-5R,6S:trans-5R,6R equilibrium favored the cis-5R,6S epimer; the level of the trans-5R,6R epimer remained below the level of detection by NMR. The data suggested that Tg disrupted hydrogen bonding interactions, either when placed opposite to A(19) or G(19). Thermodynamic measurements indicated a 13 degrees C reduction of T(m) regardless of whether Tg was placed opposite dG or dA in the complementary strand. Although both pairings increased the free energy of melting by 3 kcal/mol, the melting of the Tg x G pair was more enthalpically favored than was the melting of the Tg x A pair. The observation that the position of the equilibrium between the cis-5R,6S and trans-5R,6R thymine glycol epimers in duplex DNA was affected by the identity of the complementary base extends upon observations that this equilibrium modulates the base excision repair of Tg [Ocampo-Hafalla, M. T.; Altamirano, A.; Basu, A. K.; Chan, M. K.; Ocampo, J. E.; Cummings, A., Jr.; Boorstein, R. J.; Cunningham, R. P.; Teebor, G. W. DNA Repair (Amst) 2006, 5, 444-454].     

Hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of phosphinyl and phosphonyl nitroso alkenes with conjugated dienes: an aza-Cope rearrangement

Phosphorylated nitroso alkenes react with cyclic dienes such as cyclopentadiene or cyclohexadiene to afford hetero Diels-Alder-type cycloadducts where the nitroso alkene participates as dienophile component and the cyclic olefin acts as the 4π-electron (diene) system. Subsequent aza-Cope rearrangement affords highly functionalized 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazines. Conversely, the reaction of TMS-substituted cyclopentadiene (dienophile) with nitroso alkenes as heterodienes leads directly to bicyclic 1,2-oxazines. Theoretical studies are in agreement with the experimental results and with the new aza-Cope rearrangement proposed.     

One-pot cyclizations of dilithiated oximes and hydrazones with epibromohydrin. Efficient synthesis of 6-hydroxymethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazines and oxazolo[3,4-b]pyridazin-7-ones

The one-pot cyclization of dilithiated oximes with epibromohydrin provided a convenient and regioselective approach to 6-hydroxymethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazines. The reaction of the latter with phosphorus tribromide resulted in a Beckmann rearrangement and formation of 5-bromomethyl-2-iminotetrahydrofurans. The reaction of dilithiated hydrazones with epibromohydrin afforded oxazolo[3,4-b]pyridazin-7-ones, which were formed by a novel domino cyclization.     

Furan forming reactions of cis-2-alken-4-yn-1-ones

[reactions: see text] The cis-2-alken-4-yn-1-one, 1-phenyl-cis-2-penten-4-yn-1-one (cis-1), readily dimerizes on treatment with weak acid to give the 1,2-difurylethylenes, trans- and cis-1,2 di(2-(5-phenylfuryl))ethene (trans-1 and cis-2), in 62% and 23% yields, respectively. Trimerization of cis-1 to trans,trans-1,2,3-tri(2-(5-phenylfuryl)cyclopropane (4) occurred as a byproduct of treatment with weak acid. These reactions demonstrate the 2-furylcarbenoid reactivity of cis-2-alken-4-yn-1-ones.     

Synthesis of 6-hydroxymethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazines by one-pot-cyclization of dilithiated oximes with epibromohydrin

6-Hydroxymethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazines were regioselectively prepared by one-pot cyclization of dilithiated oximes with epibromohydrin.     

Regioselective synthesis of 6-halomethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazines based on cyclizations of arylalkenyl-oximes

6-Iodo- and 6-bromomethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazines were prepared by condensation of dilithiated acetophenone-oximes with allylbromide and subsequent regioselective iodine- or NBS-mediated cyclization.     

线型1,2-邻二萘醌-1-肟(1-nqo)钌配合物的合成

报道了含C_(16)长碳链线型1,2-邻二萘醌-1-肟(1-nqo)钌配合物trans-，cis- 及cis-，cis-[Ru(1-nqo)_2(CO)(spy)] (3)及(4)含C_(18)长碳链线型1-nqo钌配合 物cis-，cis-[Ru(1-nqo)_2(CO)(opy)] (5)，trans-，trans-[Ru(1-nqo)_2(opy) _2] (6)的合成。利用红外、FAB质谱、核磁共振氢谱及紫外-可见吸收光谱表征配 合物的结构，利用~1H-~1H偶合二维核磁技术对核磁共振峰进行指认。     

Optically active 4-aryl-4-trifluoromethyl-4H-1,3-oxa(thia)zines

S(−)-4-Aryl-4-(N-acylamino)-5,5,5-trifluoropentan-2-ones have been reacted with phosphorus pentachloride and pentasulfide to yield S(−)-4-aryl-4-trifluoromethyl-4H-1,3-oxazines and S(+)-4-aryl-4-trifluoromethyl-4H-1,3-thiazines, respectively.     

Synthesis of substituted 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-4h-1, 3-oxazines

4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-alkyl(aryl)amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines were synthesized via two methods: amination of 4,4,6-trimetiiyl-2-methylthio-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine and cyclization of N-aryl-N-(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-amyl)-S-methylisothiourea.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1037–1040, August, 1972.     

Retro-ene reactions in heterocyclic synthesis,III. A new route to 4,5-dihydrooxazoles and 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines

Methyl (E)-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-2-pentenoate ( 1 , X = O) reacted with 1,2- or 1,3-aminoalcohols 3 to yield oxazolidines 4a-c or tetrahydro-1,3-oxazines 4d,e. The corresponding imino ester 1 (X = NBu-t) also gave 4 on reaction with 3 . Compounds 4 on heating at 230° yielded 4,5-dihydrooxazoles 5a-c or 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines 5d,e along with methyl 4-methyl-3-pentenoate ( 6 ).     

Stereoselective preparation of six diastereomeric quatercyclopropanes from bicyclopropylidene and some derivatives

Diastereomeric meso- and d,l-bis(bicyclopropylidenyl) (5) were obtained upon oxidation with oxygen of a higher-order cuprate generated from lithiobicyclopropylidene (4) in 50 and 31 % yield, respectively. Their perdeuterated analogues meso-[D(14)]- and d,l-[D(14)]-5 were obtained along the same route from perdeuterated bicyclopropylidene [D(8)]-3 (synthesized in six steps in 7.4 % overall yield from [D(8)]-THF) in 20.5 % yield each. Dehalogenative coupling of 1,1-dibromo-2-cyclopropylcyclopropane (6) gave a mixture of all possible stereoisomers of 1,5-dicyclopropylbicyclopropylidene 16 in 69 % yield, from which (Z)-cis-16 was separated by preparative gas chromatography (26 % yield). The crystal structure of meso-5 looks like a superposition of the crystal structures of two outer bicyclopropylidene units (3) and one inner s-trans-bicyclopropyl unit, whereas the two outer cyclopropyl moieties adopt a gauche orientation with respect to the cyclopropane rings at the inner bicyclopropylidene units in (Z)-cis-16. Birch reduction with lithium in liquid ammonia of meso-5 and d,l-5 gave two pairs of diastereomeric quatercyclopropanes trans,trans-(R*,S*,R*, S*)-17/cis,trans-(R*,S*,R*,R*)-18 and trans,trans-(R*,S*,S*,R*)-19/cis,trans-(R*,S*,S*,S*)-20 in 97 and 76 % yield, respectively, in a ratio 9:1 for every pair. The latter diastereomer was also obtained as the sole product by Birch reduction of (Z)-cis-16 in 96 % yield. Under the same conditions, tetradecadeuterio analogues trans,trans-[D(14)]-(R*,S*,R*,S*)-17/cis,trans-[D(14)]-(R*, S*,R*,R*)-18 (8:1) and trans,trans-[D(14)]-(R*,S*,S*,R*)-19/cis,trans-[D(14)]-(R*,S*,S*,S*)-20 (12:1) were prepared from meso-[D(14)]-5 and d,l-[D(14)]-5 in 37 and 63 % yield, respectively. Reduction of meso-5 with diimine gave the cis,cis-quatercyclopropane (S*,S*,R*,R*)-21 as the main product (58 % yield) along with the cis,trans-diastereomer (S*,S*,R*,S*)-18 (29 % yield). Thus, five of the six possible diastereomeric quatercyclopropanes were obtained from meso-5, d,l-5, and (Z)-cis-16. The X-ray crystal structure analyses of trans,trans-(R*,S*,R*,S*)-17 and cis,cis-(S*,S*,R*,R*)-21 revealed for the both an unusual conformation in which the central bicyclopropyl unit adopts an s-trans-(antiperiplanar) orientation with phi=180.0 degrees , and the two terminal bicyclopropyl moieties adopt a synclinal conformation with phi=49.8 and 72.0 degrees , respectively. In solution the vicinal coupling constants (3)J(H,H) in trans,trans-(R*,S*,R*,S*)-[D(14)]-17, trans,trans-(R*,S*,S*,R*)-[D(14)]-19, trans,cis-(R*,S*,R*,R*)-[D(14)]-18 and trans,cis-(R*,S*,S*,S*)-[D(14)]-20 were found to be 4.1, 4.7, 5.9 and 5.9 Hz, respectively. This indicates a predominance of the all-gauche conformer in (R*,S*,R*,S*)-17 and a decreasing fraction of it in this sequence of the other diastereomers.     

Domino reactions of 1,2-diimidoyl-1,2-dichloroethanes. Synthesis of 3-imino-1,2-dithia-3h-cyclopent-4-enes, 3-amino-2-thioxo-2,5H-pyrrol-5-ones, 2,3-diamino-4-thioxo-4H-thiopyrans, and 6-imino-6H-1,3-oxazines

The reaction of mono- and dilithiated ethyl thioglycolate with 1,2-diimidoyl-1,2-dichloroethanes, aza-analogues of oxalyl chloride, afforded (depending on the reaction conditions) 3-imino-1,2-dithia-3H-cyclopent-4-enes, 3-amino-2-thioxo-2,5H-pyrrol-5-ones, and 2,3-diamino-4-thioxo-4H-thiopyrans. The reaction of the dianion of ethyl hippurate with 1,2-diimidoyl-1,2-dichloroethanes afforded 6-imino-6H-1,3-oxazines.     

structure of 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-mylamino-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazines and -oxazines

It is shown by means of IR, PMR, and UV spectra that 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-arylamino-5, 6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thlazines and 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-arylamino-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines in the crystalline state and in solution exist primarily in the amino form. It was found that ionization to give cations proceeds more readily in the case of 1,3-oxazines than in the case of 1,3-thiazines. In addition, a decrease in the ability to undergo intermolecular association and a decrease in the energy barrier to rotation about the N-heteroring bond are observed for 1,3-oxazines.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 346–352, March, 1977.     

Synthesis and Kinetic Study of the Deamination of the Cis Diastereomers of 5,6-Dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine

The main objectives of the present work were the synthesis of the two cis diastereomers of 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine and the kinetic study of their hydrolytic deamination. The preparation of the two glycols, two main (*)OH-mediated oxidation products of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine, was achieved in two steps. The first one involved the synthesis of the two trans-(5R,6S)- and (5S,6R)-5-bromo-6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine. In a subsequent step, the bromohydrins were specifically converted into the cis-(5S,6S) and (5R,6R) diastereomers of 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine, respectively, under slightly alkaline conditions. The resulting glycols were purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by extensive spectroscopy measurements including (13)C- and (1)H-NMR analyses. Exact mass determination was inferred from high resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry measurements. Circular dichroism spectroscopy confirmed the diastereomeric relationship existing between the pair of glycols. Kinetic study of the deamination of the above glycols was carried out in phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7) at two different temperatures (37 degrees C and 25 degrees C) in order to determine the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the reaction.