Investigation on the formation of potassium trimolybdate via thermal decomposition of a new oxomolybdenum(VI) oxalato complex

The complex K₄(NH₄)₂ [Mo₆O₁₅(C₂O₄)₆(H₂O)₄] (PAMO) was prepared and characterized on the basis of chemical analysis and IR spectral data. Its thermal decomposition was studied by using TG and DTA techniques. PAMO loses its water between 190 and 225°C followed by the decomposition of anhydrous PAMO, which takes place in three stages. The first two stages occur in the temperature ranges 225–245°C and 245–270°C, to give the intermediates with tentative compositions K₁₂(NH₄)₂ [Mo₁₈O₄₅(CO₃)₄(C₂O₄)₁₂ and K₁₂[Mo₁₈O₅₄(CO₃)₂(C₂O₄)₄] respectively, the latter then decomposing in the third stage between 270 and 335°C to give the end product, potassium trimolybadate (K₂Mo₃O₁₀). The end product was characterized by chemical analysis, IR spectral and X-ray studies.

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Zusammenfassung Die Komplexverbindung K₄(NH₄)₂[Mo₆O₁₅(C₂O₄)₆(H₂O)₄] (PAMO) wurde hergestellt und auf der Basis von chemischer Analyse und IR-Spektrum characterisiert. Mittels TG und DT Techniken wurde die thermische Zersetzung untersucht. Zwischen 190 und 225°C gibt PAMO alles Wasser ab, anschlieend erfolgt in drei Schritten eineZersetzung des dehydratierten PAMO. Die ersten zwei Schritte verlaufen in den Temperaturbereichen 225–245°C bzw. 245–270°C und liefern Zwischenprodukte der Zusammensetzung K₁₂(NH₄)₂[Mo₁₈O₄₅(CO₃)₄(C₂O₄)₁₂] bzw. K₁₂[Mo₁₈O₅₄(CO₃)₂(C₂O₄]. Letzteres zerfällt dann in einem dritten Schritt zwischen 270 und 335° C und liefert Kaliumtrimolybdat (K₂Mo₃O₁₀) als Endprodukt, welches mittels Elementaranalyse, IR- und Röntgendiffraktionsuntersuchungen

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The authors are thankful to Dr. M. C. Jain, Head of the Department and professor L. N. Mittal, Principal of the Institution for providing the research facilities. One of the authors (S. P. G.) is also thankful to U. G. C. for providing financial assistance.     

Preparation of cesium trimolybdate by the thermal decomposition of a new oxomolybdenum(VI) oxalato complex

A new molybdenum(VI) complex Cs₂(NH₄)2[Mo₃O₈(C₂O₄)₃] (CAMO) has been prepared and characterized by chemical analysis and IR spectral studies. Thermal decomposition studies have been made using TG, DTA and DTG techniques. The compound is anhydrous and stable up to 160°C. Thereafter it decomposes in three stages. The first and the second stages occur in the temperature ranges 160–220°C and 220–280°C to give the intermediate compounds having the tentative compositions Cs₄(NH₄)₂[Mo₆O₁₆(C₂O₄)₃(CO₃)₂] and Cs₄[Mo₆O₁₆(C₂O₄)₂(CO₃)₂] respectively, the later then decomposing to give the end product Cs₂Mo₃O₁₀ at 370°C. The end product was characterized by chemical analysis, IR spectral and X-ray studies.     

Two novel molybdenum complexes containing [Mo2O2S2]2+ fragment: synthesis,crystal structures and catalytic studies

Mo₂O₂S₂(HGly)(Gly)₂ 1 and K₆[Mo₂O₂S₂(nta)₂][Mo₂O₂S₂(ntaH)₂]^·4H₂O 2 were synthesized by the reactions of (NH₄)₂MoS₄ and amino acids L (L = glycine, nitrilotriacetic acid) in ethanol–water medium at ambient temperature. The two complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, UV–visible spectra, TG–DTA and XPS. X‐ray crystallographic structural analyses revealed that compound 1 is a binuclear Mo? S? glycinate complex, a glycinate ligand is coordinated to each molybdenum atom through its amine nitrogen and carboxylato oxygen, respectively, and the third glycinate acts as a bridge through its two carboxylato oxygens linking the two molybdenum atoms. Compound 2 is also a binuclear Mo? S complex with two nitrilotriacetate ligands, each of which is coordinated to a molybdenum atom via its two β‐carboxylato oxygens and a nitrogen atom. Simultaneously, each molybdenum atom in 1 and 2 is chelated to a terminal oxygen and two bridging sulfurs to complete the octahedral configuration. Their catalytic activities in the reduction from C₂H₂ to C₂H₄ as well as other binuclear Mo? S? polycarboxylate complexes, a [Fe₄S₄] single cubane and a chainlike Mo? Fe? S compound were investigated and it was found that 1 exhibited relatively good catalytic activity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanochemical preparation of vanadium- and molybdenum-containing catalysts II: The effect of mechanochemical activation of vanadium pentoxide + ammonium dimolybdate compositions on chemical and phase transformations

We studied the effect of mechanochemical treatment (MCT) of V₂O₅ + (NH₄)₂Mo₂O₇ compositions (V: Mo = 0.7: 0.3) in ethanol, water, and air on the physicochemical properties of the compositions. X-ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and IR spectroscopy showed that mechanochemical treatment in water or ethanol does not change the phase state of vanadium pentoxide. (NH₄)₂Mo₂O₇ partially decomposes during MCT to yield nonstoichiometric molybdenum oxides. MCT in water leads to the complete decomposition of (NH₄)₂Mo₂O₇, and the nonstoichiometric molybdenum oxides that have been formed in 60–120 min are segregated into a molybdenum phase during further treatment for 240–360 min. During such a treatment, V₂O₅ first forms V₂O₅ · nH₂O intercalation compounds, which then react with ammonia during long-term treatment to form ammonium hexavanadate (AHV).     

Experimental and theoretical study of <Superscript>13</Superscript>C shielding tensors in new-style molybdenum complex

¹³C 2D-PASS spectra of two new cis-dioxo catecholatomolybdenum complexes (NH₂CH₂NH₂CHCH₂)₂(H⁺)₃[Mo^vO ₂(C₆H₄O₂)₂] and (NH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂)₂(H⁺)₃[Mo^(v)O₂ (C₂H₂O₂)₂] have been obtained by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), in which the spinning sidebands were well-separated. The principal components of the ¹³C shielding tensors were extracted by theoretically fitting the intensities of ¹³C spinning sidebands. The effects of counter cations on ¹³C chemical shift isotropy and shielding tensor of cis-dioxo catecholatomolybdenum complex anion [Mo ^(v)O₂(C₆H₄O₂)₂]³⁻ were studied, comparing the ¹³C CSA of those carbon sites in complex anions with that of the counter cations. Based on the known structure of the molybdenum complex crystal, theoretical values of ¹³C shielding tensors were calculated by the ainitio GIAO method, in comparison with the experimental results.     

Reactions of Neutral and Charged Molybdenum Oxide Clusters with Low-Molecular-Weight Alcohols in a Gas Phase Studied by Ion Cyclotron Resonance

A set of oxygen-containing molybdenum oxide clusters Mo _x O _y (x = 1–3; y = 1–9) was obtained with the use of a combination of a Knudsen cell and an ion trap cell. The reactions of positively charged clusters with C₁–C₄ alcohols were studied using ion cyclotron resonance. The formation of a number of organometallic ions, the products of initial insertion of molybdenum oxide ions into the C–O and C–H bonds of alcohols, and polycondensation products of methanol and ethanol were found. The reactions of neutral molybdenum oxide clusters Mo _x O _y (x = 1–3; y = 1–9) with protonated C₁–C₄ alcohols and an ammonium ion were studied. The following limits of proton affinity (PA) were found for neutral oxygen-containing molybdenum clusters: (MoO) < 180, (Mo₂O₄, Mo₂O₅, and Mo₃O₈) = 188 ± 8, PA(MoO₂) = 202 ± 5, PA(MoO₃, Mo₂O₆, and Mo₃O₉) > 207 kcal/mol.     

Synthesis and structure of two molybdovanadates containing coordinatively bound oxalato ligands: (NH4)6[Mo6V2O24(C2O4)2]·6H2O and (NH4)4[H2Mo2V2O12(C2O4)2]·2H2O

The compounds (NH₄)₆[Mo₆V₂O₂₄(C₂O₄)₂]·6H₂O (I) and (NH₄)₄[H₂Mo₂V₂O₁₂(C₂O₄)₂]·2H₂O (II) have been prepared from molybdenum(VI) oxide and ammonium vanadate in aqueous solution through the addition of ammonium oxalate, and their structures determined by X-ray structure analysis. Whereas the molybdovanadate anion [Mo₆V₂O₂₄(C₂O₄)₂]⁶⁻ found in (I) consists of six MoO₆ and two VO₆ edge-sharing octahedra of the γ-[Mo₈O₂₆]⁴⁻ type structure, the tetranuclear anion [H₂Mo₂V₂O₁₂(C₂O₄)₂]⁴⁻ of (II) adopts the structure with a M₄O₁₆ core. Both complexes contain bidentate oxalato ligands bonded to the vanadium ions. In both crystal structures the molybdovanadate anions are mutually hydrogen bonded by ammonium ions and water molecules.     

Synthesis,Structure and Characterization of Dinuclear Pentacoordinate Molybdenum(V) Complexes with Thiosemicarbazone Ligands

New dinuclear pentacoordinate molybdenum(V) complexes, [Mo₂^VO₃L₂] [L = thiosemicarbazonato ligand: C₆H₄(O)CH:NN:C(S)NHR′ and C₁₀H₆(O)CH:NN:C(S)NHR′; R′ = H, CH₃, C₆H₅) were obtained either by oxygen atom abstraction from Mo^VIO₂L with triphenylphosphine or by using [Mo₂O₃(acac)₄] in the reaction with the corresponding ligands H₂L. Crystal and molecular structure of [Mo₂O₃{C₆H₄(O)CH:NN:C(S)NHC₆H₅}₂] · CH₃CN has been determined by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method.     

Cuboidal oxalate cluster complexes with the Mo<Subscript>3</Subscript>CuQ<Subscript>4</Subscript><Superscript>5+</Superscript> cluster core (Q = S or Se): synthesis,structure, and electrochemical properties

The reactions of the [Mo₃(μ₃-Q)(μ₂-Q)₃(H₂O)₃(C₂O₄)₃]²⁻ complex (Q = S or Se) with CuX salts (X = Cl, Br, I, or SCN) in water produce the cuboidal heterometallic clusters [Mo₃(CuX)(μ₃-Q)₄(H₂O)₃(C₂O₄)₃]²⁻, which were isolated as the potassium and tetraphenylphosphonium salts. Two new compounds, K₂[Mo₃(CuI)(μ₃-S)₄(H₂O)₃(C₂O₄)₃]·6H₂O and (PPh₄)₂[Mo₃(CuBr)(μ₃-S)₄(H₂O)₃(C₂O₄)₃]·7H₂O, were structurally characterized. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The K₂[Mo₃(CuI)(μ₃-Se)₄(H₂O)₃(C₂O₄)₃] compound was characterized by the ⁷⁷Se NMR spectrum; the (PPh₄)₂[Mo₃(CuI)(μ₃-S)₄(H₂O)₃(C₂O₄)₃], (PPh₄)₂[Mo₃(CuI)(μ₃-Se)₄(H₂O)₃(C₂O₄)₃] and K₂[Mo₃(CuSCN)(μ₃-S)₄(H₂O)₃(C₂O₄)₃]·7H₂O compounds, by electrospray mass spectra. Dedicated to Academician G. A. Abakumov on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1639–1644, September, 2007.     

Crystal structure of K2[Mo3(PdPPh3)S4(C2O4)3(H2O)3]·0.5H2O

By the reaction of [Mo₃S₄(C₂O₄)₃(H₂O)₃]²⁻ with PdCl₂ and NH₄H₂PO₂ as a reducing agent, followed by the addition of PPh₃, a new oxalate cuboidal cluster complex [Mo₃(PdPPh₃)S₄(C₂O₄)₃(H₂O)₃]²⁻ is obtained. It was isolated and structurally characterized as K₂[Mo₃(PdPPh₃)S₄(C₂O₄)₃(H₂O)₃]·0.5H₂O. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2008 by A. L. Gushchin, M. N. Sokolov, D. Yu. Naumov, and V. P. Fedin __________ Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 775–778, May–June, 2008.     

A novel zigzag chain based on polyoxomolybdate decorated by glycine ligand in covalent bond

An unusual compound, K₂[Mo₄O₁₃(NH₃CH₂COO)₂]?·?2H₂O (1), has been synthesized and structurally characterized by the XRD, elemental analysis, IR spectrum, TG analyses and the single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of 1 exhibits a zigzag chain based on corner-shared tetramolybdate chelated by two bidentate glycine ligands.     

Molybdenum Bisphosphonates with Cr(III) or Mn(III) Ions

The synthesis of Mo^VI bisphosphonates (BPs) complexes in the presence of a heterometallic element has been studied. Two different BPs have been used, the alendronate ligand, [O₃PC(C₃H₆NH₃)(O)PO₃]^4? (Ale) and a new BP derivative with a pyridine ring linked to the amino group, [O₃PC(C₃H₆NH₂CH₂C₅H₄N)(O)PO₃]^4? (AlePy). Three compounds have been isolated, a tetranuclear Mo^VI complex with Cr^III ions, (NH₄)₅[(Mo₂O₆)₂(O₃PC(C₃H₆NH₃)(O)PO₃)₂Cr]·11H₂O (Mo₄(Ale)₂Cr), its Mn^III analogue, (NH₄)_4.5Na_0.5[(Mo₂O₆)₂(O₃PC(C₃H₆NH₃)(O)PO₃)₂Mn]·9H₂O (Mo₄(Ale)₂Mn), and a cocrystal of two polyoxomolybdates, (NH₄)₁₀Na₃[(Mo₂O₆)₂(O₃PC(C₃H₆NH₂CH₂C₅H₄N)(O)PO₃)₂Cr]₂[CrMo₆(OH)₆O₁₈]·37H₂O ([Mo₄(AlePy)₂Cr]₂[CrMo₆]). In this latter compound an Anderson-type POM [CrMo₆(OH)₆O₁₈]^3? is sandwiched between two tetranuclear Mo^VI complexes with AlePy ligands. The protonated triply bridging oxygen atoms bound to the central Cr^III ion of the Anderson anion develop strong hydrogen bonding interactions with the oxygen atoms of the bisphosphonate complexes. The UV–Vis spectra confirm the coexistence in solution of both POMs. Cyclic voltammetry experiments have been performed, showing the reduction of the Mo centers. In strong contrast with the reported Mo^VI BP systems, the presence of trivalent cations in close proximity to the Mo^VI centers dramatically impact the potential solid-state photochromic properties of these compounds.     

Dehydrative cyclization of serine, threonine, and cysteine residues catalyzed by molybdenum(VI) oxo compounds

Commercially available molybdenum(VI) oxides such as (NH₄)₂MoO₄, (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O, MoO₂(acac)₂, and MoO₂(TMHD)₂ are highly effective dehydrative cyclization catalysts for the synthesis of a variety of oxazolines. The reaction proceeds with a complete retention of configuration at the β-position. For the dehydrative cyclization of cysteine derivatives, bis(2-ethyl-8-quinolinolato)dioxomolybdenum(VI) shows remarkable catalytic activity and gives thiazolines without a significant loss of stereochemical integrity at the C2-exomethine positions.     

Investigations on the formation of rubidium dimolybdate via thermal decomposition of rubidium oxomolybdenum(VI) oxalate

The complex Rb₂[Mo₂O₅(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)₂] (RMO) was prepared and characterized by means of chemical analysis and IR spectral studies. Its thermal decomposition was studied by using TG and DTA techniques. RMO loses its water between 160 and 200°C, this immediately being followed by the decomposition of anhydrous RMO, which takes place in three stages. The first two stages occur in the temperature ranges 200–220 and 220–255°, to give intermediates with tentative compositions Rb₈[Mo₈O₂₂(C₂O₄)₆] and Rb₈[Mo₈O₂₆(C₂O₄)(CO₃)], respectively, the latter then decomposing in the third stage between 255 and 340° to give the end-product, rubidium dimolybdate (Rb₂Mo₂O₇). Thed spacings for Rb₂Mo₂O₇ are given for 2θ values between 10 and 70°.     

Chemical reactions in the atomization of molybdenum in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Summary Chemical reactions in the atomization of molybdenum in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry have been studied using graphite platforms for atomization along with X-ray diffraction analysis. When Mo [as an aqueous solution of (NH₄)₂MoO₄] is heated in a graphite furnace, three molybdenum oxides: [MoO_2(s), MoO_3(s) and Mo₄O_11(s)], are formed at relatively low temperatures (<1,500 K). When Mo is atomized from a pyrolytic graphite surface, the charring curve of Mo shows a dip in absorbance in the temperature range 1,200–1,800 K. Hence, a charring temperature <1,200 K should be used for quantitative determination of Mo when a pyrolytically coated tube or a platform made of pyrolytic graphite is used. Mo_(s), MoC_(s) and Mo₂C_(s) have been found on both the pyrolytic and the regular graphite surface after the charring step is completed. Formation of Mo_(g) by direct sublimation of Mo_(s) and by dissociation of MoC_(g) are all thermodynamically favourable reactions at the temperature considered.

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Chemische Reaktionen bei der Atomisierung von Molybdän in der Graphitofen-AAS

Zusammenfassung Die chemischen Reaktionen bei der Atomisierung von Molybdän wurden mit Hilfe von GraphitPlattformen zusammen mit der Röntgen-Diffraktionsanalyse untersucht. Bei der Erhitzung von Molybdän [als wäßrige (NH₄)₂MoO₄-Lösung] im Graphitofen werden drei Molybdänoxide (MoO_2(s), MoO_3(s) und Mo₄O_11(s)) bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen (<1 500 K) gebildet. Wenn Molybdän von einer pyrolytischen Graphitoberfiäche atomisiert wird, zeigt die Veraschungskurve eine Absenkung der Extinktion im Bereich von 1200 bis 1800 K. Deshalb sollte bei Verwendung eines mit pyrolytischem Graphit überzogenen Rohres oder einer entsprechenden Plattform für quantitative Molybdänbestimmungen eine Veraschungstemperatur von <1 200 K benutzt werden. Nach der Veraschungsstufe wurden sowohl auf der pyrolytischen als auch auf der normalen Graphitoberfläche Mo_(s), MoC_(s) und Mo₂C_(s) gefunden. Bildung von Mo_(g) durch direkte Sublimation von Mo_(s) und durch Dissoziation von MoC_(g) sind thermodynamisch günstige Reaktionen bei der betreffenden Temperatur.

     

Study of the Structure and Reactions of Bis(μ-Oxalato)tetramminediplatinum(II) in Aqueous Chloride Solutions

A comparison study of the bis(-oxalato)tetramminediplatinum(II) dimer [Pt₂(NH₃)₄(-C₂O₄)₂] and the oxalatodiammineplatinum(II) chelate [Pt(NH₃)₂C₂O₄] is performed. The kinetics and mechanism of substitution of C₂O^2– ₄ for Cl^– in aqueous chloride solutions are studied by photoelectronic spectroscopy, gravimetry, and chemical phase analysis within the 1.0–6.7 pH range at 75°C. The rate constants of substitution and the equilibrium constants for a two-step protonation for the dimeric and chelate complexes are calculated. Their solubility in 1 M KCl at 75°C; is determined. The unit cell parameters for [Pt₂(NH₃)₄(-C₂O₄)₂] are determined: a = 3.858 Å, b = 10.704 Å, c = 6.795 Å, = 94.35°. The IR spectra of [Pt(NH₃)₂C₂O₄], [Pt₂(NH₃)₄(-C₂O₄)₂], and their deuterated analogs are studied.     

Two new organo-inorganic octamolybdate anion-based materials: Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of complexes [{Cu(4,4′-bipy)}4(Mo8O26)] and (NH4)10Mn(H2O)6[(NH2C6H4COO)2(Mo8O26)]2·15H2O

Two new hybrid organo-inorganic compounds [{Cu(4,4′-bipy)}₄(Mo₈O₂₆)] (bipy is bipyridyl) (1) and (NH₄)₁₀Mn(H₂O)₆[(NH₂C₆H₄COO)₂(Mo₈O₂₆)]₂· 15H₂O (2) were prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A new type of one-dimensional network consisting of four linear chains Cu—4,4′-bipy and isolated α-octamolybdate anions was found in the complex 1 structure. Complex 2 is the first example of molybdenum oxide with a template structure involving 4-aminobenzoic acid.     

A novel chain-like molybdenum phosphate: hydrothermal synthesis,crystal structure and characterization of [NH3(CH2CH2)2NH3]3[NH3(CH2CH2)2NH2]-Na5[Mo6O12(OH)3(PO4)(HPO4)3]2·4H2O

A novel organic/inorganic hybrid molybdenum phosphate, [NH₃(CH₂CH₂)₂NH₃]₃[NH₃(CH₂CH₂)₂NH₂]Na₅-[Mo₆O₁₂(OH)₃(PO₄)(HPO₄)₃]₂·4H₂O (1), involving molybdenum presented in V oxidation, has been hydrothermally prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, i.r., u.v.–vis., x.p.s., t.g. and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of the title compound (1) may be considered to consist of two [Mo₆O₁₂(OH)₃(PO₄)(HPO₄)₃] units bonded together with NaO₆ octahedra, forming dimers. Further, these dimers connect with each other through four Na⁺ cations as bridges, giving rise to novel one-dimensional chain-like skeleton. Piperazines exist among inorganic chains acting as charge balancing cations.     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel crystalline AlPO4 molecular sieve,CFAP-7

The novel crystalline aluminophosphate CFAP-7, having a characteristic X-ray powder diffraction pattern, has been synthesized hydrothermally in a system consisting of di-n-butylamine-(NH₄)₂O–P₂O₅–Al₂O₃–H₂O at 120 to 140°C, the P₂O₅ and Al₂O₃ sources of which were provided by (NH₄)₃PO₄·3H₂O and Al₂(SO₄)₃ in aqueous solution, respectively. Investigations by DTA, TG, DTG, XRD, and IR indicate transformation of the original product (form A) into more stable crystal forms B and C on heating at about 180°C and 240°C, respectively, while liberating water and amine. Isotherms for the adsorption of water and methanol at 23°C show that both form B and form C are molecular sieves with a window dimension of 4.3–4.9 Å, and a methanol volume adsorbtion greater than that of water.     

Potassium,rubidium and ammonium salts of μ‐(formato‐κ2O:O′)‐μ‐oxido‐bis[oxidobis(peroxido‐κ2O,O′)molybdate(VI)]

The unit‐cell parameters of the three title salts, namely, tripotassium, K₃[Mo₂(CHO₂)O₃(O₂)₄], trirubidium, Rb₃[Mo₂(CHO₂)O₃(O₂)₄], and triammonium μ‐(formato‐κ²O:O′)‐μ‐oxido‐bis[oxidobis(peroxido‐κ²O,O′)molybdate(VI)], (NH₄)₃[Mo₂(CHO₂)O₃(O₂)₄], which were all crystallized at pH 3, are quite similar, but the potassium and rubidium salt structures are noncentrosymmetric, whereas that of the ammonium salt is centrosymmetric. Formate acts as an O:O′‐bridging ligand in the complex anion and is bound to a μ‐oxido‐bis(oxidodiperoxidomolybdate) unit.