用求导法解决极值问题

例析用三角函数法和二次三项式性质法(配方法)解极值问题的缺点,介绍了用求导法解决物理极值问题的优势.     

万有引力常量G的测量

介绍了测量万有引力常量G的意义、历史与现状.具体讨论测量万有引力常量G的几种方法,着重阐述周期法测G的基本原理及原子干涉法测G的新进展.     

最可几法在带电粒子径迹重建中的应用

本文介绍了用最可几法拟合具有非高斯型测量误差的空间径迹,与常用的最小二乘法拟合相比较,分辨率大大提高,因之也提高了识别真假径迹的可靠性.     

二维稳态热传导逆问题初步研究

在用有限控制体积法对二维稳态热传导问题进行成功数值模拟的基础上,首先介绍了处理二维稳态热传导逆问题的两种方法:灵敏度法和伴随方程法;然后分别用这两种方法对一典型的圆环域边界条件反演问题进行了计算,并就测量误差对反演结果的影响做了初步分析.结果表明,灵敏度法和伴随方程法都是求解二维稳态热传导逆问题的有效方法.     

杨氏模量实验仪器调节的一种优化方法及实施方案

指出杨氏模量实验调节的难点,用理论指导实践的方法分析调节困难的原因.并针对问题提出一种新的简单的调节方法--立靶法,有效地解决了瞄准难和调焦难的问题.还给出了立靶法的完整流程图,介绍了立靶法的实施方案.     

物理实验中三段法训练与应用型人才培养

本文从科学哲学角度审视了大学物理实验与人才培养的关系,提出三段法训练实验教学法.详细介绍了三段法实验教学的实施过程,探究了三段法实验教学对学生应用能力提升的作用.     

超声波声速测量方法的探讨

介绍一种测量空气中超声波声速的新方法--改变频率干涉法（也叫改变频率驻波法）.并对实验数据、测量精度进行了分析.     

基于超声波干涉的峰谷法计算声速值及实验误差探讨

介绍了基于Cassy Lab软件下的超声波干涉实验,提出了利用超声波干涉现象测量声速的方法.根据干涉理论推导了峰谷法测量声速的计算公式.分析和探讨了峰谷法计算声速的误差来源和改进方法.     

示波法测定交流等效参数

交流等效参数的测定是高校普通物理实验中的很重要的内容.目前多采用交流电桥法,Q表法和三表法.本文介绍的示波法较上述方法具有形象直观,简便易行的优点.     

光栅衍射效率的二阶标量近似法研究

详细介绍了计算光栅衍射效率的二阶标量近似法,推导出一种简单有效的计算光栅衍射效率的近似公式.给出了利用近似公式对几种情况下光栅衍射效率的计算结果,并与普通标量法、严格矢量法的计算结果进行了比较.     

介质光波导的数值计算及近似方法

综述介质光波导中模式分析方法的最新进展。着重分析严格的数值分析方法及近似方法最近的研究进展。依据方法的计算精确度、计算效率和计算复杂度等因素．对有限元法和有限差分法这两种数值分析方法以及有效指数法和频谱指数法等近似方法进行讨论。论述磁光波导的分析方法。     

测量液体折射率的几种方法

系统而详细地介绍了近年来液体折射率测量上经常采用的5种方法——激光照射法、衍射光栅法、光纤杨氏干涉法、掠面入射法和CCD测量法,并分别对其原理和特点进行了分析,这些测量方法都具有原理简单易懂、测量设备和操作方法简便可行的特点．     

光纤光栅传感信号解调技术研究进展

光纤光栅传感器是一种新型传感器,有着非常广泛的应用前景。限制光纤光栅传感器大量实际应用的主要障碍是传感信号解调,因而,光纤光栅传感信号解调是光纤光栅传感器应用的关键技术之一。本文对现有已报道的光纤光栅传感信号的解调方法进行综述,并归类为:边缘滤波法、匹配滤波法、可调谐滤波法、光源波长可调谐扫描法、射频探测法、光栅啁啾法、CCD分光仪法、干涉法。对各种方法的原理及相关改进方法进行了阐述,并对其优缺点做了比较分析,最后,对光纤光栅传感信号的解调技术发展进行了展望。     

长周期光纤光栅透射谱计算方法的比较与分析

长周期光纤光栅透射谱的求解方法有多种,本文以耦合模理论为基础,对常用的积分法、公式法、传输矩阵法求解长周期光纤光栅的透射谱进行比较与分析,指出这三种求解方法各自的特点和适用条件.积分法可在较宽波长范围内直接得到多个模式透射谱的精确解,但求解过程繁琐,运算量大;公式法虽然在表述和计算上较为方便,但只能在较小波长范围内直接求解单个模式的透射谱;传输矩阵法求解过程简便、准确度高、计算量相对较小,特别适合计算一些非均匀光纤光栅的透射谱.该研究为选择一种精确度高且理论和计算都较简单的计算长周期光纤光栅透射谱的方法提供理论依据.     

长周期光纤光栅透射谱计算方法的比较与分析

长周期光纤光栅透射谱的求解方法有多种,本文以耦合模理论为基础,对常用的积分法、公式法、传输矩阵法求解长周期光纤光栅的透射谱进行比较与分析,指出这三种求解方法各自的特点和适用条件.积分法可在较宽波长范围内直接得到多个模式透射谱的精确解,但求解过程繁琐,运算量大;公式法虽然在表述和计算上较为方便,但只能在较小波长范围内直接求解单个模式的透射谱;传输矩阵法求解过程简便、准确度高、计算量相对较小,特别适合计算一些非均匀光纤光栅的透射谱.该研究为选择一种精确度高且理论和计算都较简单的计算长周期光纤光栅透射谱的方法提供理论依据.     

Simulation of Millimeter Wave Circulators by FEM with Unifrontal/Multifrontal Technique

The combination of unifrontal and multifrontal techniques is applied for solving a large, sparse, and unsymmetric system of linear equations resulting from the use of edge-based finite element method (FEM) for millimeter wave ferrite devices. The formulation of finite element method combined with the perfectly matched layers (PML) is given and the combined algorithm of unifrontal and multifrontal methods is described. The lower data movement of unifrontal method and the lower fill-in of normal multifrontal methods are combined for an algorithm with their features. The performance of typical waveguide junction circulators is analyzed and the calculated results are compared with those obtained from the literature.     

微波器件微放电阈值计算的蒙特卡罗方法研究

为了精准快速地计算微波器件中微放电效应的阈值,在传统蒙特卡罗方法的基础上,提出了三种不同的蒙特卡罗方法,分别对二次电子的初始能量、出射角度和初始相位等参数进行随机,结合四阶龙格-库塔法和Furman模型计算电子的运动轨迹和单次碰撞产生的二次电子发射系数,然后应用不同的方法计算有效二次电子发射系数作为微放电效应的判据.以平板传输线TEM模式为研究对象,采用四种不同的蒙特卡罗方法计算微放电阈值,并与统计模型结果进行对比.结果表明单电子-多碰撞蒙特卡罗方法误差最小,而且稳定性最好.     

Thermal noise limit in measuring the gravitational constant G using the angular acceleration method and the dynamic deflection method

A general comparison is made between two methods of measuring the gravitational constant G. The angular acceleration method can avoid the anelasticity effect since the torsion fiber is not twisted. The dynamic deflection method is similar in principle but it does not use feedback, therefore a major noise introduced by the feedback control system in the angular acceleration method can be avoided. Both methods have their advantages and can be performed with the same device. Based on different expressions of G, we have expressed the signal-to-noise ratio and calculated the thermal noise limit for both methods. In order to get a lower thermal noise limit, the dynamic deflection method should avoid resonance.     

光场空间相干性的测量方法及比较

本文归纳了基于分波前干涉原理的具有代表性的干涉测量方法——杨氏双孔干涉法、逆波前杨氏干涉法和非冗余孔径阵列干涉测量法,以及基于分振幅干涉原理的干涉测量方法——自参考干涉测量法;介绍了各种测量方法的工作原理、实验配置;比较了4种测量方法的优缺点,并给出每种方法的最佳应用领域。本文结论可为根据对空间相干性测量的不同要求,选择合适的测量方法提供初步参考。     

Comparisons of Lagrangian and Eulerian PDF methods in simulations of non-premixed turbulent jet flames with moderate-to-strong turbulence-chemistry interactions

Transported probability density function (PDF) methods have been applied widely and effectively for modelling turbulent reacting flows. In most applications of PDF methods to date, Lagrangian particle Monte Carlo algorithms have been used to solve a modelled PDF transport equation. However, Lagrangian particle PDF methods are computationally intensive and are not readily integrated into conventional Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. Eulerian field PDF methods have been proposed as an alternative. Here a systematic comparison is performed among three methods for solving the same underlying modelled composition PDF transport equation: a consistent hybrid Lagrangian particle/Eulerian mesh (LPEM) method, a stochastic Eulerian field (SEF) method and a deterministic Eulerian field method with a direct-quadrature-method-of-moments closure (a multi-environment PDF-MEPDF method). The comparisons have been made in simulations of a series of three non-premixed, piloted methane–air turbulent jet flames that exhibit progressively increasing levels of local extinction and turbulence-chemistry interactions: Sandia/TUD flames D, E and F. The three PDF methods have been implemented using the same underlying CFD solver, and results obtained using the three methods have been compared using (to the extent possible) equivalent physical models and numerical parameters. Reasonably converged mean and rms scalar profiles are obtained using 40 particles per cell for the LPEM method or 40 Eulerian fields for the SEF method. Results from these stochastic methods are compared with results obtained using two- and three-environment MEPDF methods. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each method in terms of accuracy and computational requirements are explored and identified. In general, the results obtained from the two stochastic methods (LPEM and SEF) are very similar, and are in closer agreement with experimental measurements than those obtained using the MEPDF method, while MEPDF is the most computationally efficient of the three methods. These and other findings are discussed in detail.