Molecular Template Assisted Growth of Ultrathin Silicon Carbide Nanowires with Strong Green Light Emission and Excellent Field‐Emission Properties

A novel molecule template assisted chemical co‐reduction method has been successfully developed for the controlled synthesis of ultrathin β‐SiC single‐crystalline nanowires on a large scale. The ultrathin β‐SiC single‐crystalline nanowires are about 8 nm in diameter and 200–800 nm in length. The resulting thin β‐SiC single‐crystalline nanowire is new in the family of β‐SiC one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures. A synergistic action of π‐stacking and steric hindrance result from the 1,10‐phenanthroline molecule template are proposed to explain the growth mechanism of the ultrathin β‐SiC single‐crystalline nanowires based on the experimental observation. Importantly, such ultrathin β‐SiC nanowire has shown a strong structure‐induced enhancement of photoluminescence properties and has exhibited a very strong green light emission, which can be seen by naked eye. Furthermore, the unique β‐SiC ultrathin nanowire structure exhibits a low turn‐on field (3.57 V μm^?1) and a large field‐emission current density (20 mA cm^?2). These results suggest that the ultrathin β‐SiC nanowires can be expected to find promising applications as field emitters and photoelectronic devices.     

Synthesis of Sub‐2 nm Iron‐Doped NiSe2 Nanowires and Their Surface‐Confined Oxidation for Oxygen Evolution Catalysis

Ultrathin nanostructures are attractive for diverse applications owing to their unique properties compared to their bulk materials. Transition‐metal chalcogenides are promising electrocatalysts, yet it remains difficult to make ultrathin structures (sub‐2 nm), and the realization of their chemical doping is even more challenging. Herein we describe a soft‐template mediated colloidal synthesis of Fe‐doped NiSe₂ ultrathin nanowires (UNWs) with diameter down to 1.7 nm. The synergistic interplay between oleylamine and 1‐dodecanethiol is crucial to yield these UNWs. The in situ formed amorphous hydroxide layers that is confined to the surface of the ultrathin scaffolds enable efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysis. The UNWs exhibit a very low overpotential of 268 mV at 10 mA cm^?2 in 0.1 m KOH, as well as remarkable long‐term stability, representing one of the most efficient noble‐metal‐free catalysts.     

基于AuCl(油胺)复合物合成形貌可控的金纳米结构

简要综述了使用一价金复合物AuCl(油胺)作为前驱物合成形貌可控的金纳米结构的相关工作. 通过改变有机溶剂、添加异质金属纳米粒子及控制反应温度等手段, 成功合成出球形的金纳米粒子(平均直径12.7 nm)、超细金纳米线(平均直径1.8 nm)及超细金纳米棒(平均直径2 nm); 并通过牺牲磁性纳米粒子模板的方法合成出枝状金纳米结构. 除了对合成方法和过程的介绍, 还简要讨论了每种纳米结构的形成机制.     

阳极氧化铝模板限域制备一维杂化纳米材料及其多样化应用的研究进展

一维杂化纳米材料以其独特的物理化学性质,在电学、光学、催化等领域得到了广泛的应用。 其制备方法对一维杂化纳米材料性能的改变和调控显得至关重要。 模板法作为一种简单而普适的合成工艺,近几年来被广泛应用于纳米结构和纳米阵列的合成。 本文主要介绍了阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板法制备一维杂化纳米材料整体情况、AAO模板结合其他技术材制备材料的方法、一维杂化纳米材料在刺激响应性器件、能量存储与转换器件、催化等众多领域的应用。     

Recent Development on Controlled Synthesis of Metal Sulfides Hollow Nanostructures via Hard Template Engaged Strategy: A Mini‐Review

In this mini‐review, we highlighted the recent progresses in the controlled synthesis of metal sulfides hollow nanostructures via hard template technique. After a brief introduction about the formation mechanism of the inorganic hollow nanostructures via hard template technique, the discussions primarily focused on the emerging development of metal sulfides hollow nanostructures. Various synthetic strategies were summarized concerning the use of the hard template engaged strategies to fabricate various metal sulfides hollow nanostructures, such as hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, ion‐exchange, sulfidation or calcination etc. Finally, the perspectives and summaries have been presented to demonstrate that a facile synthetic technique would be widely used to fabricate metal sulfides hollow nanostructures with multi‐shells and components.     

Generalized Low‐Temperature Fabrication of Scalable Multi‐Type Two‐Dimensional Nanosheets with a Green Soft Template

Two‐dimensional nanosheets with high specific surface areas and fascinating physical and chemical properties have attracted tremendous interests because of their promising potentials in both fundamental research and practical applications. However, the problem of developing a universal strategy with a facile and cost‐effective synthesis process for multi‐type ultrathin 2 D nanostructures remains unresolved. Herein, we report a generalized low‐temperature fabrication of scalable multi‐type 2 D nanosheets including metal hydroxides (such as Ni(OH)₂, Co(OH)₂, Cd(OH)₂, and Mg(OH)₂), metal oxides (such as ZnO and Mn₃O₄), and layered mixed transition‐metal hydroxides (Ni‐Co LDH, Ni‐Fe LDH, Co‐Fe LDH, and Ni‐Co‐Fe layered ternary hydroxides) through the rational employment of a green soft‐template. The synthesized crystalline inorganic nanosheets possess confined thickness, resulting in ultrahigh surface atom ratios and chemically reactive facets. Upon evaluation as electrode materials for pseudocapacitors, the Ni‐Co LDH nanosheets exhibit a high specific capacitance of 1087 F g^?1 at a current density of 1 A g^?1, and excellent stability, with 103 % retention after 500 cycles. This strategy is facile and scalable for the production of high‐quality ultrathin crystalline inorganic nanosheets, with the possibility of extension to the preparation of other complex nanosheets.     

Understanding and Manipulating Inorganic Materials with Scanning Probe Microscopes

Scanning probe microscopies, such as scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy, are uniquely powerful tools for probing the microscopic properties of surfaces. If these microscopies are used to study low-dimensional materials, from two-dimensional solids such as graphite to zero-dimensional nanostructures, it is possible to elucidate atomic-scale structural and electronic properties characteristic of the bulk of a material and not simply the surface. By combining such measurements with chemical synthesis or direct manipulation it is further possible to elucidate relationships between composition, structure, and physical properties, thus promoting an understanding of the chemical basis of material properties. This article illustrates that the combination of scanning probe microscopies and chemical synthesis has advanced our understanding of charge density waves, high-temperature superconductivity, and nanofabrication in low-dimensional materials. This new approach to studying materials has directly contributed to our knowledge of how metal dopants interact with charge density waves and elucidated the local crystal chemistry of complex copper oxides, microscopic details of the superconducting states in materials with a high superconducting transition I_c, and new approaches to the fabrication of multi-component nanostructures. Coupling scanning probe microscopy measurement and manipulation with chemical synthesis should provide an approach to understanding material properties and creating complex nanostructures in general.     

Thin metal nanostructures: synthesis,properties and applications

Two-dimensional nanomaterials, especially graphene and single- or few-layer transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets, have attracted great research interest in recent years due to their distinctive physical, chemical and electronic properties as well as their great potentials for a broad range of applications. Recently, great efforts have also been devoted to the controlled synthesis of thin nanostructures of metals, one of the most studied traditional materials, for various applications. In this minireview, we review the recent progress in the synthesis and applications of thin metal nanostructures with a focus on metal nanoplates and nanosheets. First of all, various methods for the synthesis of metal nanoplates and nanosheets are summarized. After a brief introduction of their properties, some applications of metal nanoplates and nanosheets, such as catalysis, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), sensing and near-infrared photothermal therapy are described.     

Green Synthesis and Applications of ZnO and TiO2 Nanostructures

Over the last two decades, oxide nanostructures have been continuously evaluated and used in many technological applications. The advancement of the controlled synthesis approach to design desired morphology is a fundamental key to the discipline of material science and nanotechnology. These nanostructures can be prepared via different physical and chemical methods; however, a green and ecofriendly synthesis approach is a promising way to produce these nanostructures with desired properties with less risk of hazardous chemicals. In this regard, ZnO and TiO₂ nanostructures are prominent candidates for various applications. Moreover, they are more efficient, non-toxic, and cost-effective. This review mainly focuses on the recent state-of-the-art advancements in the green synthesis approach for ZnO and TiO₂ nanostructures and their applications. The first section summarizes the green synthesis approach to synthesize ZnO and TiO₂ nanostructures via different routes such as solvothermal, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, and sol-gel using biological systems that are based on the principles of green chemistry. The second section demonstrates the application of ZnO and TiO₂ nanostructures. The review also discusses the problems and future perspectives of green synthesis methods and the related issues posed and overlooked by the scientific community on the green approach to nanostructure oxides.     

基于超支化聚合物的单分子胶束的研究进展

近年来,单分子胶束/粒子(Unimolecular micelle:UIM)引起了人们的极大兴趣,这是由于通过对核和壳的化学设计,粒子的溶解性、生物相容性、刺激响应性、与基质的相互作用等都可得到改进,粒子还可以包裹多种客体。相对于自组装法而言,超支化聚合物法在合成UIM方面具有某些独有的特征,主要表现在:(1)UIM的尺寸主要由超支化聚合物决定,从而具有相当的可预见性;(2)可以大规模、高浓度合成UIM;(3)对聚合物的亲水性没有要求,可以利用的聚合物非常广泛,核-壳结构更为丰富;(4)产品可以以任何形式存在。本文在简要比较以自组装法和超支化聚合物法合成UIM的基础上,主要介绍了以超支化聚合物(特别是超支化聚甘油醚(PG))为支架合成各种核-壳聚合物及其应用。以长链小分子或聚合物改性的PG可以用作纳米胶囊,也可以作为纳米模板来合成各种无机粒子,而后者显示出量子限制效应和模板效应。特别地,一种全亲水壳交联的、刺激响应的粒子的合成显示了超支化聚合物法在合成复杂UIM方面的优势。总之,超支化聚合物法提供了巨大的核-壳结构分子设计空间,为合成功能集成粒子提供了更多机会。     

General and Facile Syntheses of Metal Silicate Porous Hollow Nanostructures

Porous hollow nanostructures have attracted intensive interest owing to their unique structure and promising applications in various fields. A facile hydrothermal synthesis has been developed to prepare porous hollow nanostructures of silicate materials through a sacrificial‐templating process. The key factors, such as the concentration of the free metal cation and the alkalinity of the solution, are discussed. Porous hollow nanostructures of magnesium silicate, nickel silicate, and iron silicate have been successfully prepared by using SiO₂ spheres as the template, as well as a silicon source. Several yolk–shell structures have also been fabricated by a similar process that uses silica‐coated composite particles as a template. As‐prepared mesoporous magnesium silicate hollow spheres showed an excellent ability to remove Pb²⁺ ions in water treatment owing to their large specific surface and unique structures.     

Molecular assembly of rubrene on a metal/metal oxide nanotemplate

We investigated the adsorption properties and self-assembly of rubrene molecules on the copper oxide nanotemplate formed by high-temperature exposure of Cu(110) to molecular oxygen. Using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, we observed a complex variety of self-assembled motifs, driven by competing effects such as the chemical affinity between the organic molecule and the surface, surface coverage, and spatial confinement of the rubrene molecules within the rows of the template.     

1-Dimensional structures of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT): a chemical route to tubes, rods, thimbles, and belts

The chemical synthesis of 1-dimensional (1-D) PEDOT nanostructures in the form of tubes, rods, thimbles, and belts has been successfully accomplished through the use of a "hard template".     

Ultrathin polymer film formation by collision-induced cross-linking of adsorbed organic molecules with hyperthermal protons

A new synthetic approach for the formation of ultrathin polymer films with customizable properties was developed. In this approach, the kinematic nature of proton collisions with simple organic molecules condensed on a substrate is exploited to break C-H bonds preferentially. The subsequent recombination of carbon radicals gives a cross-linked polymer thin film, and the selectivity of C-H cleavage preserves the chemical functionalities of the precursor molecules. The nature and validity of the method are exemplified with theoretical results from ab initio molecular dynamics calculations and experimental evidence from a variety of characterization techniques. Its applicability is demonstrated by the synthesis of ultrathin polymer films with precursor molecules such as dotriacontane, docosanoic acid, poly(acrylic acid) oligomer, and polyisoprene. The approach is fundamentally different from conventional chemical synthesis as it involves an unusual mix of physical and chemical processes including charge exchange, projectile penetration, kinematics, collision-induced dissociation, inelastic energy transfer, chain transfer, and chain cross-linking.     

纳米有序体系的模板合成及其应用

评述了以含有高密度的纳米柱形孔道的Al₂O₃膜和有机聚合物膜为模板,制备金属、合金、氧化物、半导体和聚合物及其复合组份的一维纳米结构有序阵列的几种方法、纳米结构的性质和应用的研究进展。可用于模板合成的方法有电化学沉积法、化学镀、化学聚合、化学气相沉积和溶胶-凝胶法等。取决于孔壁和所填充材料的化学性质,所得阵列既可以是由纳米管也可以是由纳米线组成。这样的有序阵列在光学、磁学、催化及电化学等领域有着重要的应用前景。制备新型复合纳米结构有序阵列、开展纳米器件的研制是模板合成研究领域的重要方向。     

High-quality luminescent tellurium nanowires of several nanometers in diameter and high aspect ratio synthesized by a poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)-assisted hydrothermal process

Large-scale selective synthesis of uniform single crystalline tellurium nanowires with a diameter of 4-9 nm, and microbelts with a width of 250-800 nm and tens of micrometers in length, can be realized by a poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)-assisted hydrothermal process. The formation of tellurium nanowires and nanobelts in the presence of PVP is strongly dependent on the reaction conditions such as temperature, the amount of PVP, and reaction time. The results demonstrated that the keys for selective synthesis of Te nanobelts and nanowires are to modulate the growth rates of (100), (101), and (110) planes in the presence of PVP and to precisely control the reaction kinetics. High-quality luminescent ultrathin t-Te nanowires with a diameter of 4-9 nm display strong luminescent emission in the blue-violet region. This approach provides a facile route for the production of high-quality tellurium nanostructures with an interesting optical property. Furthermore, the synthesized ultrathin nanowires with deep blue color and nanobelts in gray color by this approach can be well dispersed in water or ethanol, making it possible for further engineering of their surfaces to prepare other hybrid core-shell nanostructures.     

Confined supramolecular nanostructures of mesogen-bearing amphiphiles

Stable surface nanostructures with different morphology have been successfully constructed by modifying the chemical structure of synthetic amphiphiles; by introducing mesogenic groups into bolaform amphiphiles, stable spaghetti-like or stripe-like nanostructures can be obtained; it is believed that such a kind of surface structure could be used for templating synthesis and assembly.     

能源催化材料的电化学合成

电催化是发展可持续洁净能源技术的基础科学,是电化学能源转换和物质转化的关键环节.精准合成催化活性纳米结构是制约很多电催化反应走向实际应用的重要挑战.与湿化学合成、固相合成和气相沉积等传统方法相比,电化学合成是一种简单、快速、廉价及可控的高效催化材料制备方法,也是一种最为直接的一体化电极制备方法.本文综述了近年来利用电化...     

特殊纳米结构的化学自组装

本文介绍了近年来国际上一维纳米材料的制备方法的最近进展，如模板法、激光剥蚀法、分子束外延法、有机溶剂中溶液-液体-固体生长法等，同时还介绍了利用新的化学自组装路线制备一维核／鞘结构、无机半导体／高分子纳米电线、金属硫化物纳米空球和花生状纳米结构等工作。