F-和Fe3+掺杂对Ti基PbO2阳极性能的影响

采用热分解-电镀法制备了Ti基PbO2,阳极(Ti/PbO2),F-掺杂PbO2阳极(Ti/F-PbO2),Fe3+掺杂PbO2阳极(TiP/Fe-PbO2)和F-,Fe3+共掺杂PbO2,阳极(Ti/F-Fe-PbO2).采用XRD和EDX测试对电极进行了表征,应用加速电解寿命测试和电催化降解4-氯苯酚(4-CP)污水,考察了F-掺杂,Fe3+掺杂和F-,Fe3+共掺杂对PbO2阳极稳定性及电催化活性的影响.结果表明,Ti/F-PbO2和Ti/FePbO2阳极有相近的电催化降解活性,但与Fe3+掺杂相比,F-掺杂大大提高了PbO2阳极的加速电解寿命.对Ti/F-Fe-PbO2阳极,Fe3+掺杂改善了其导电性能.同时F-掺杂提高了阳极的稳定性能,使其有较长的电解寿命.与Ti/PbO2,Ti/F-PbO2和Ti/Fe-PbO2阳极相比,Ti/F-Fe-PbO2阳极的电催化降解活性显著提高,这不仅与其导电性能的改善有关,更与F-掺杂和Fe3+掺杂对4-CP降解的表面协同作用有关.     

Hydrogen production by conversion of methane over nickel-supported USY-type zeolite catalysts

Hydrogen production by conversion of methane over Ni-supported zeolite catalysts was investigated, and Ni-supported USY-type zeolite (Si/Al₂ = 14.0, 360) was found to have longer catalytic lifetime than Ni-supported silica (Cab-O-Sil) catalyst, which had been reported to have the longest catalytic lifetime for this reaction.     

Production of dimethylether(DME) as a clean fuel using sonochemically prepared CuO and /or ZnO- modified γ- alumina catalysts

The catalytic conversion of methanol to dimethylether(DME)was studied over CuO/Al2O3,ZnO/Al2O3and ZnOCuO/Al2O3nanocatalysts prepared in presence or absence of ultrasonic irradiation.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),surface characterization method(BET),scanning electron microscope(SEM),H2-temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR)and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia(NH3-TPD).The experimental results show that during catalytic dehydration of methanol to dimethylether,the activities of the CuO/Al2O3,ZnO/Al2O3and ZnO-CuO/Al2O3catalysts prepared using ultrasonic treatment are much higher than those prepared in absence of ultrasonication.SEM shows that the use of ultrasonication results in much smaller nanoparticles.BET and XRD show that the ultrasonication increases the surface area and pore volume of the catalysts.H2-TPR profiles indicated that reducibility of the sonicated nanocatalysts is carried out at lower temperatures.NH3-TPD shows that ultrasound irradiation has enhanced the acidity of the nanocatalyst and hence enhanced catalytic performance for DME formation.     

Microwave synthesis,characterization and catalytic properties of titanium-incorporated ZSM-5 zeolite

Titanium-incorporated ZSM-5 zeolites (Si/Al = 50–200 and Si/Ti = 70) were successfully synthesized in a one-step sol-gel process under microwave irradiation. The characteristics of Ti-ZSM-5 zeolites were investigated using X-ray power diffraction, UV/Vis-DRS, FT-IR spectroscopy and solid-state ²⁷Al-NMR to monitor the physico-chemical properties. Simultaneously, the acidic properties were characterized by the NH₃-TPD profile. The characterization results revealed that the Ti⁴⁺ and Al³⁺ ions were well incorporated into the framework of Ti-ZSM-5 zeolite. The prepared zeolite was moderately active but selective in the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether.     

Synthesis of Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites from carbonized rice husk

Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were prepared under hydrothermal conditions by NaOH dissolution of silica first from carbonized rice husk followed by addition of NaAlO₂ and in situ crystallization of zeolites i.e., using a two-step process. When a one-step process was used, both Na-A and Na-X zeolites crystallized on the surface of carbon. Na-A or Na-X zeolite crystals were prepared on the porous carbonized rice husk at 90 °C for 2-6 h by changing the SiO₂/Al₂O₃, H₂O/Na₂O and Na₂O/SiO₂ molar ratios of precursors in the two-step process. The surface area and NH₄⁺-cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Na-A zeolite/porous carbon were found to be 171 m²/g and 506 meq/100 g, respectively, while those of Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were 676 m²/g and 317 meq/100 g, respectively. Na-A and Na-X zeolites are well-known microporous and hydrophilic materials while carbonized rice husk was found to be mesoporous (pores of ∼3.9 nm) and hydrophobic. These hybrid microporous-mesoporous and hydrophilic-hydrophobic composites are expected to be useful for decontamination of metal cations as well as organic contaminants simultaneously.     

High-temperature methane oxidation over metallic monolith-supported zeolite catalysts containing Mn,Co, and Pd ions

The high-temperature complete oxidation of methane over metallic monolith-supported zeolite catalysts containing isolated Mn, Co, and Pd ions was studied. The reaction involves heterogeneous and heterogeneous-homogeneous catalytic processes. The ratio between these processes depends on the temperature, feed rate, and the amount of catalyst charged in the reactor. In the heterogeneous catalytic process, the activity of the catalysts supported on the Fe—Cr—Al monolithic alloy decreases in the series Pd > Mn > Co > Fe—Cr—Al monolith and the reaction rate uniformly increases with increasing contact time. In the heterogeneous-homogeneous process, the reaction rate drastically increases and a 100% conversion of methane to CO₂ can be achieved by minor variations of the contact time. In this case, methane oxidation depends not only on the catalyst chemical composition but also on its external surface area and the reaction volume.     

Selective alkylation of xylenes by alcohols on zeolite catalysts

The peculiarities of catalytic performance of crystalline aluminosilicates of different types and compositions (X, Y including dealuminated Y, mordenite, pentasil ZSM-5), as well as of amorphous aluminosilicate catalyst in conversion of xylene + alcohol mixtures were studied. New data were obtained for alkylation ofo-xylene withtert-butyl alcohol, concerning controlling the selectivity and stability of the zeolite catalysts in reactions proceeding with the participation of water, including the water evolved during the reaction, in particular by controlling the acidic properties and hydrophobycity of the zeolites. A catalyst ensuring production of 1,2-dimethyl-4-tert-butylbenzene (DMTBB) with a 94% yield and selectivity of alcohol conversion to the target product of 94–97% was developed. The catalyst can be used as the basis for a high-performance and environmentally safe method for the synthesis of DMTBB. The catalysts developed can be also used for selective alkylation ofo-xylene by C₃-C₅ alcohols and for alkylation ofm-xylene bytert-butyl alcohol.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No, 12, pp, 2912–2917, December, 1996.     

聚氨酯/分子筛复合材料的制备及性能

以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PEA）、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI-80）、扩链剂（MOCA）、分子筛为原料,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯／分子筛复合材料．考察了分子筛的种类及加入量对聚氨酯／分子筛复合材料的耐溶剂性能、力学性能及热分解温度的影响．结果表明：在相同加入量的前提下,采用4A和13X分子筛制备的复合材料,前者的耐溶剂性能及力学性能要优于后者,当加入量为5％时,性能达到最佳．两者的加入均能提高复合材料的热分解温度,但影响相差不大．     

Fluorescence Quantum Efficiency Enhancement in CaWO4:Eu3+,Na+ Nanocrystals by Tridoping with F- Ions

We demonstrated that tridoping with F- ions is an effective way to improve the fluorescence quantum efficiency of CaWO4:Eu3+,Na+ nanocrystals. F--tridoped samples with different F- concentrations were synthesized by a hydrothermal process. The fluorescence spectra and decay curves were measured at room temperature. The fluorescence intensity of F--tridoped samples is about 3 times that for the non F--doped sample. The fluorescence quantum efficiency can be enhanced by 21% when the atomic ratio of F to W was 0.7.     

Determination of Ca/NaY zeolite acidity by TG and DSC

The acid properties of the Ca/NaY zeolite were investigated by means ofn-butylamine desorption and thermal decomposition, using both thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The total acidity of the zeolite was calculated from the TG data, while DSC was used with the Borchardt-Daniels kinetic model to determine the relative acid strength of the catalyst, given in J per acid site. The enthalpies of these processes are proportional to the acid site strength in each specific temperature range.This work was supported by Conselho National de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). The authors are very grateful to M. L. C. Rodrigues and C. I. Braga, from D. P. Instrumentos Científicos.     

Effect of the Si/Al ratio of HZSM-5 zeolite on the production of dimethyl ether before and after ultrasonication

A series of as-synthesized HZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios (25, 90, 120, 240 and 400) were post-treated by ultrasonication for an optimum time of 60 min. The morphology, acidity and textural properties of HZSM-5 were characterized with XRD, SEM, N₂ adsorption and NH₃-TPD techniques. The catalytic performance was evaluated by dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME), which is a promising gaseous automotive fuel in future. It was found that the Si/Al ratio of HZSM-5 had considerable impacts on its catalytic performance for dehydration of methanol to DME. Its activity increased with decreasing Si/Al ratio from 400 to 25. Ultrasonication of HZSM-5 could significantly improve its catalytic performance.     

三个基于Cu2X2(X-=Cl-、Br-和I-)结构单元双核Cu(Ⅰ)配合物的合成、晶体结构、电子吸收和发射光谱

合成并表征了3个含Cu₂X₂结构单元的双核Cu(Ⅰ)配合物[Cu₂(μ-X)₂(deebq)₂] (其中deebq=2, 2′-联喹啉-4, 4′-二甲酸乙酯;X=Cl (1), Br (2) or I (3))。化合物1~3同构, 其晶体属三斜晶系, 空间群为P1, 具有相似的晶胞参数和晶体堆积结构。Cu₂X₂双核单元具有反演中心对称性, 每个Cu⁺与deebq配体中2个N原子、2个μ₂桥联的卤素X^-阴离子配位, 形成扭曲的四面体配位环境。通过deebq配体中苯环间π…π堆积, 相邻双核分子形成超分子一维链, 超分子链间存在弱范德瓦尔斯引力。在二氯甲烷溶液中, 3个化合物都存在1个宽而不对称的电荷迁移吸收带(500~630 nm区域), 其强度和位置不受桥联X^-配体影响。因此, 电荷迁移带归属为由Cu⁺中心到deebq配体的电荷转移。在二氯甲烷溶液中, 3个化合物发射强荧光, 发射带中心波长位于400 nm处, 该发射带归属为deebq配体内的π-π^*电子跃迁。在固体以及二氯甲烷溶液中, 都没观察到从金属中心到配体的MLCT发射带。     

Effect of Fe-loading and reaction temperature on the production of olefins from ethanol by Fe/H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts

Lower loading of Fe (1 wt%) and higher reaction temperature (450 °C) led to higher and stable selectivity of C₃₊ olefins by ethanol conversion using Fe/H-ZSM-5 catalysts. Carbon deposition and framework collapse of zeolite support, which may be the cause of change in selectivity of products, was suppressed in some degree.     

三个基于Cu2X2(X-=Cl-、Br-和I-)结构单元双核Cu(Ⅰ)配合物的合成、晶体结构、电子吸收和发射光谱

合成并表征了3个含Cu2X2结构单元的双核Cu髣配合物[Cu2(μ-X)2(deebq)2](其中deebq=2,2′-联喹啉-4,4′-二甲酸乙酯;X=Cl(1),Br(2)or I(3))。化合物1~3同构,其晶体属三斜晶系,空间群为P1,具有相似的晶胞参数和晶体堆积结构。Cu2X2双核单元具有反演中心对称性,每个Cu+与deebq配体中2个N原子、2个μ2桥联的卤素X-阴离子配位,形成扭曲的四面体配位环境。通过deebq配体中苯环间π…π堆积,相邻双核分子形成超分子一维链,超分子链间存在弱范德瓦尔斯引力。在二氯甲烷溶液中,3个化合物都存在1个宽而不对称的电荷迁移吸收带(500~630 nm区域),其强度和位置不受桥联X-配体影响。因此,电荷迁移带归属为由Cu+中心到deebq配体的电荷转移。在二氯甲烷溶液中,3个化合物发射强荧光,发射带中心波长位于400 nm处,该发射带归属为deebq配体内的π-π*电子跃迁。在固体以及二氯甲烷溶液中,都没观察到从金属中心到配体的MLCT发射带。     

XRD and SEM characterization of Cu/Co catalysts supported on Si-Al-zeolite made by a modified sol-gel technique

Cu, Co and Cu/Co catalysts supported on a Si-Al-Zeolite matrix, made by a modified sol-gel method, were characterized by XRD and SEM. The formation of some spinels was identified in some of the samples. Of particular interest were those spinels whose composition included Cu and Co in a mixed oxide. The identification of such structures would explain higher activities in those catalysts. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多级孔Hβ沸石对NiWP/Hβ-Al_2O_3催化剂柴油加氢性能的影响

采用碱处理法制备多级孔Hβ沸石,以不同比例与Al_2O_3混合,得到由Hβ沸石与Al_2O_3组成的混合载体,再采用等体积浸渍法制备了NiWP/Hβ-Al_2O_3系列催化剂。通过XRD、BET和NH3-TPD等手段对载体及催化剂进行了表征,以催化裂化柴油(FCC)为原料,在小型固定床反应器上,研究了多级孔Hβ沸石对NiWP/Hβ-Al_2O_3催化剂加氢反应性能的影响。结果表明,载体中加入质量分数为15%Hβ沸石,NiWP/Hβ-Al_2O_3催化剂柴油加氢性能最好;在该催化剂上,360℃、8.0 MPa、体积空速为1.0 h~(-1)和氢油体积比800的操作条件下,脱硫率达到99.77%,催化裂化柴油的密度由0.927 g/cm~3下降到0.837 g/cm~3,十六烷值由13.78提高到55.39。     

甲基噻吩在HY分子筛上的吸附、脱附及转化行为

由NH₄Y分子筛制备了HY分子筛,运用N₂吸附、NH₃-TPD和Py-FTIR等手段表征HY分子筛的物化性能;采用智能重量分析仪(IGA)方法研究了甲基噻吩(2-甲基噻吩、3-甲基噻吩)在HY分子筛上的吸附-脱附行为;采用程序升温脱附-质谱(TPD-MS)联用手段研究了甲基噻吩在HY分子筛上的转化行为。结果表明,在200 ℃下 2-甲基噻吩和3-甲基噻吩在HY分子筛中的强B酸上发生强化学吸附作用,与B酸结合后生成了甲基噻吩的碳正离子结构进而发生了歧化反应、脱烷基反应以及裂化反应;与2-甲基噻吩不同的是,3-甲基噻吩与HY通过一定的氢转移反应生成了3-甲基四氢噻吩,且200 ℃吸附条件下3-甲基噻吩比2-甲基噻吩更容易发生裂化反应。     

Hydrocarbon synthesis from methanol on erionite and mordenite catalysts synthesized in the presence of B3+, Ga3+ or Fe3+

Selectivity of erionite and mordenite type aluminosilicates synthesized in the presence of B³⁺, Ga³⁺ or Fe³⁺ has been studied in methanol conversion to hydrocarbons. The olefin to paraffin ratio in the product is proportional to the Al₂O₃ content of the zeolites.

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, B³⁺, Ga³⁺ Fe³⁺. , / Al₂O₃ .

     

TPAOH/NaOH混合碱体系对ZSM-5沸石的改性及其催化性能研究

采用四丙基氢氧化铵和氢氧化钠有机无机混合碱TPAOH/NaOH体系对ZSM-5分子筛进行改性处理,得到了具有介孔和微孔的ZSM-5分子筛。用XRD、N₂吸附脱附、NH₃-TPD、SEM等手段对改性后的产物进行表征。结果表明,碱处理ZSM-5分子筛会使分子筛同时脱硅和脱铝。当混合碱体系中总OH^-浓度一定时,随TPA⁺/OH^-比值的降低和处理时间的延长,均会使分子筛的微孔结构数量减少,介孔结构数量增加。同时,还会改变分子筛的酸性,TPA⁺/OH^-比值适合的混合碱体系可在生成介孔的同时最大限度保留微孔结构,并减少分子筛的强酸数量,在甲醇制烯烃反应(MTO)中表现出较高的丙烯选择性。与无机碱NaOH相比,TPAOH对分子筛的改性速率较慢而且温和,具有可控性,可以起到孔道生长调节剂的作用。     

Influence of catalyst binder on the acidity and activity/selectivity of Ga/H-ZSM-5 zeolite in propane aromatization

The acidity and initial and time-on-stream activity in propane aromatization (at 550°C, space velocity of 3100 cm³g⁻¹ _(zeolite)h⁻¹) of Ga-impregnated H-ZSM-5 zeolite without or with binders (50 wt%), such as silica, alumina and kaolin, have been investigated. Both the acidity and catalytic activity of the zeolite are influenced by the presence of binder in the catalyst, depending upon the binder. The influence is found to be lowest for alumina and highest for kaolin. Among the binders, alumina is the most preferred binder for the zeolite catalyst.