振动驱动移动系统平面避障运动分析

近年来,工业机器人的应用领域日益广泛,可移动机器人的发展备受关注,为了在一些复杂环境中准确地完成作业,学者们提出并研究了振动驱动移动系统.本文研究了在各向异性黏性摩擦环境中一类有两个在平行轨道内做正弦运动的内部质量块的振动驱动移动系统的运动规律,提出了使系统完成包括避障等规定作业的驱动设计方法.首先利用第二类拉格朗日方程,建立了系统的动力学方程;然后,利用速度Verlet积分法分析了系统的运动规律,得到了内部驱动参数与系统运动轨迹、运动速度的关系;最后,结合振动驱动移动系统的运动规律,提出了使系统沿预设路径运动和实现避障运动的驱动设计方法.通过曲线离散得到了系统沿预设路径运动的移动轨迹,进而通过改变内部质量块的驱动参数,使系统沿预设路径运动.为了使移动系统在障碍物环境中达到目标位置,提出了结合栅格法,Floyd算法及最小顶点圆法的优化的路径规划计算方法,得到了振动驱动移动系统在障碍物环境中运动的最优路径,并通过改变内部质量块的驱动参数实现了移动系统的避障运动.     

三相驱动下非光滑振动驱动系统的动力学分析

可移动式机器人已成为机器人研究领域的重要分支,为实现其在狭小特殊环境中的运动, 学者们提出并研究了振动驱动移动系统.本文基于二维LuGre摩擦模型和拉格朗日方程,给出了一类振动驱动系统在各向同性摩擦环境中的动力学建模方法和数值算法.这类振动驱动系统结构简单且密封性好,依靠箱体与地面间的摩擦力实现自身的定向运动.该系统由一个外部箱体和两个内部质量块构成,两个质量块在箱体内的两个平行轨道上作三相振动驱动,箱体通过三个刚性支撑足与地面保持接触. 二维LuGre摩擦模型的利用,可有效避免库伦摩擦模型的不连续性给动力学方程的数值求解带来的困难,且可有效揭示该系统在运动过程中的黏滞-滑移切换现象. 数值仿真结果表明,通过调整其内部质量块的驱动参数,可实现箱体的直线平移、定轴转动和平面一般运动,且箱体在移动和转动过程中会出现擦滑、穿滑、回滑和不黏等4种现象; 另外,通过调节驱动参数, 不仅可以改变箱体移动和转动的快慢,还可以改变箱体形心运动轨迹的曲率半径.      

振动驱动移动机器人直线运动的滑移分岔

近年来,随着移动型机器人设计技术水平的不断提高,其运动形式日趋多样. 借助于仿生学的思想,模仿蚯蚓等动物的蠕动成为不少机器人设计者所追求的目标. 为了实现这一目标,学者们提出并研究了振动驱动系统. 本文研究了各向同性干摩擦下,单模块三相振动驱动系统的粘滑运动. 考虑到库伦干摩擦力的不连续性,振动驱动系统属于Filippov 系统. 基于此,运用Filippov 滑移分岔理论,分析了振动驱动系统不同的粘滑运动情况. 根据驱动参数的不同,系统运动的滑移区域被分成4 种基本情形. 对这些情形分类讨论,得到系统的6 种运动情况. 然后对这6 种运动情况进行归纳,最终得出系统一共存在4 种不同的粘滑运动,而且也解析地给出了发生这4 种粘滑运动的分岔条件. 分岔条件包含系统的3 个驱动参数,通过变化这些参数,得到了系统运动的分岔图. 借助分岔图,详细分析了随着驱动参数的变化,系统如何实现不同粘滑运动类型之间的切换,并从分岔角度给出了相应的物理解释. 最后,通过数值方法直接求解原运动方程,数值解法得到的4 种运动图像与理论分析一致,验证了系统运动分岔研究的正确性.      

平面运动刚体两类瞬心轨迹之间关系的探讨

首先阐述了刚体运动的列阵——矩阵描述方法,然后在阐明刚体瞬心及两类瞬心轨迹等概念的基础上,经过简洁的数学推演,给出了平面运动刚体的动瞬心轨迹与定瞬心轨迹在固定坐标系中投影的运动方程．通过分析二者的运动方程,证明了结论：平面运动刚体任一时刻的动瞬心轨迹在定瞬心轨迹上作纯滚动,接触点即为刚体在该时刻的瞬心固连点．然后通过一个具体算例展示了瞬心轨迹运动方程的求解方法,并讨论了运动方程的物理意义．最后对一般运动刚体的情形进行了简要讨论．     

Reorientation of a rigid body by means of internal masses

Nonlinear Dynamics - Three-dimensional reorientation of a rigid body by means of several auxiliary masses moving relative to the body is considered. The algorithm presented is based on simple...     

Quasi-Euler-Poinsot motion of a rigid body

The phase-plane method of nonlinear oscillation is used to discuss the influence of the small dissipation upon the Euler-Poinsot motion of a rigid body about a fixed point. The equations of phase coordinates are applied instead of Eulerian equations, and the global characteristics of the motion of rigid body are analysed according to the distribution and the type of the singular points. A Chaplygin's sphere on a rough plane, a rigid body in viscous medium and one with a cavity filled with viscous fluid are discussed as examples. It is shown that the motions of rigid bodies dissipated by various physical factors have a common qualitative character. The rigid body tends to make a permanent rotation about the principal axis of the largest moment of inertia. The transitive process can change from oscillatory to aperiodic with the decrease in dissipation.     

Controlled motion of a two-module vibration-driven system induced by internal acceleration-controlled masses

The rectilinear motion of a vibration-driven mechanical system composed of two identical modules connected by an elastic element is considered in this paper. Each module consists of a main body and an internal mass that can move inside the main body. Anisotropic linear resistance is assumed to act between each module and the resistant medium. The motion of the system is excited by two acceleration-controlled masses inside the respective main bodies. The primary resonance situation that the excitation frequency is close to the natural frequency of the system is considered, and the steady-state motion of the system as a whole is mainly investigated. Both the internal excitation force and the external resistance force contain non-smooth factors and are assumed to be small quantities of the same order when compared with the maximum value of the force developed in the elastic element during the motion. With this assumption, method of averaging can be employed and an approximate value of the average steady-state velocity of the entire system is derived through a set of algebraic equations. The analytical results show that the magnitude of the average steady-state velocity can be controlled by varying the time shift between the excitations in the modules. The optimal value of the time shift that corresponds to the maximal average steady-state velocity exists and is unchanging with the external coefficients of resistance. For a system with specific parameters, numerical simulations are carried out to verify the correctness of the analytical results. The optimal value of the time shift is numerically obtained, and the optimal situation is studied to show the advantages of the control.     

刚体的力螺旋运动

对力螺旋矢作用下的刚体力螺旋运动进行了教学上的叙述,与力矢作用下的刚体平动和力偶矢作用下的刚体定轴转动并列．本文对力螺旋矢以及与力螺旋矢相关的力螺旋运动和力螺旋动力学给出教学上的编排和简要的论述与例题．