共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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微波合成碳负载纳米铂催化剂及其对甲醇氧化的电催化性能 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16
利用微波辐射快速加热含有XC—72碳的H2PtCl6的乙二醇混合液合成了碳负载的纳米铂,铂负载的质量分数在10%~20%,实验结果表明纳米铂粒子具有均匀的尺寸和形状,其平均粒径在3.6nm,并均匀地分散在纳米碳的表面,循环伏安和恒电位极化表明微波合成的Pt/C比以KBH4作为还原剂制备Pt/C和商业得到E-TEK Pt/C催化剂对甲醇的电化学氧化具有更高的催化活性。 相似文献
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高分散的炭载Au纳米催化剂的制备、表征和催化活性 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用柠檬酸钠还原-胶体负载法, 制备了高分散的炭载Au纳米催化剂, 并以液相催化氧化葡萄糖为葡萄糖酸钠的反应评价了Au/C催化剂的活性. 研究结果表明, 金溶胶制备过程中柠檬酸钠的用量对粒子尺寸以及所获催化剂的催化活性有重要影响; 催化剂在多次使用之后活性的降低可能是由于在活性炭表面金粒子活性位点上形成的Auδ+-Oδ-化合态减少的缘故. 同时比较了制备的Au/C和商业Pd/C催化剂对葡萄糖的液相催化氧化反应, 证明Au/C催化剂明显优于Pd/C催化剂. 相似文献
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以喷雾干燥处理的偏钨酸铵为前驱体, 采用CH4/H2为还原碳化气氛, 利用固定床气固反应法制备了具有介孔结构的碳化钨(WC)粉体. 然后通过浸渍法制备了Pt/WC粉末催化剂. 通过XRD和SEM等测试手段对Pt/WC粉末样品进行了表征, 结果表明, Pt颗粒平均直径约为13.5 nm, 且均匀分散在介孔结构WC载体上. 采用循环伏安和线性扫描等方法研究了酸性介质中Pt/WC粉末微电极对电化学析氢过程的电催化行为. 结果表明, 该电极对析氢反应具有很好的电催化活性和化学稳定性. 通过测试和计算, Pt/WC粉末微电极的Tafel方程中的a值为0.292 V, 属于低超电势析氢材料, 析氢交换电流密度为4.42 mA·cm-2, 与铂电极在同一个数量级上, 当超电势为250 mV时, 其析氢反应的活化能为26.20 kJ·mol-1. 相似文献
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非晶态NiP基催化剂的制备及电催化析氢性能研究 《燃料化学学报》2018,46(4):473-478
以NaH2PO2和Ni2SO4为磷源和镍源,使用一锅法合成了非晶态NiP合金及其碳纳米(乙炔黑和石墨烯)复合催化剂。用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)、电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP)分别对催化剂性能和组成进行了表征和分析。通过线性扫描伏安对催化剂在酸性和碱性条件下的析氢性能进行了评价,研究结果表明,非晶态NiP/还原氧化石墨烯复合催化剂(NiP/RGO)展现出优异的电催化性能。在0.5 mol/L H2SO4中的起始过电位为89.0 mV,塔菲尔斜率为135.1 mV/decade;在1 mol/L NaOH中,起始过电位为116.1 mV,塔菲尔斜率为122.4 mV/decade,这与商业化Pt黑催化剂很接近。500次循环以后,催化剂活性没有明显下降,表明该催化剂具有良好的稳定性。该研究提供了一种简单可行的制备非贵金属磷化物方法用于电催化析氢反应。 相似文献
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为了减少贵金属的用量, 降低成本, 提高大规模生产的可能性, 构建单原子合金(SAA)是一个非常可行的解决方案. 设计了一种超小PtRu单原子合金物种均匀分散在掺氮超薄碳纳米片上的电催化剂(PtRu SAA/NC), 并通过基于同步辐射的X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)光谱进行了结构确认. 与纯Ru团簇和氮掺杂的碳片相比, PtRu SAA/NC具有更高的析氢反应(HER)催化活性和特殊的稳定性, 在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中进行HER时, 表现出较小的Tafel斜率(43 mV/dec), 且在10 mA/cm2电流密度下过电位仅为54 mV. 相似文献
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以泡沫镍(NF)为基体,采用常规脉冲伏安法合成了独立分相的金属Ni,Cu为主晶相、平均粒径为70nm的规则立方体结构镍铜合金电催化剂(Ni Cu/NF).在电催化析氢反应中,Ni Cu/NF表现出优良的催化活性和优异的催化稳定性,在电流密度为10 m A/cm2时,在1. 0 mol/L KOH溶液中需要的析氢过电位仅为86m V,催化24 h的电位波动仅为12 m V.二级复合纳米立方体结构使Ni Cu/NF展现出15. 5倍于空白NF的电化学活性面积(ECSA),为电催化反应提供了大量催化活性位点,也为电极表面的电荷传输、物质传递提供了充足的通道; Cu的引入以及Ni O/Ni异质结的形成改善了邻近Ni原子的活性,使镍基材料本征析氢活性得以改善,三者协同促进了Ni Cu/NF电催化活性的提升.Ni Cu/NF电极在析氢过程中遵循Volmer-Heyrovsky机理,反应速率由电极表面吸附氢原子的电化学脱附过程决定. 相似文献
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金属前驱体对质子交换膜燃料电池用PtCu/C催化剂性能的影响 《燃料化学学报》2016,44(5):613-620
采用乙二醇还原法,利用不同金属前驱体(CuSO_4/CuCl_2、K_2PtCl_4/H_2PtCl_6)制备了铂铜总质量分数为20%的四种PtCu/C催化剂,并通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、循环伏安法(CV)和线性扫描伏安法(LSV)对催化剂进行物相结构表征及电化学性能测试。结果表明,以CuSO_4和K_2PtCl_4为前驱体组合制备出的PtCu/C催化剂性能最优。所制备的PtCu/C催化剂金属颗粒平均粒径为2.3nm,粒径范围窄,在碳载体上负载均匀;电化学活性面积(ECSA)达到73.0m2/gPt,质量比活性(MA)为126.65mA/mgPt,均优于商业Pt/C催化剂。 相似文献
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The current research of platinum (Pt)–based catalysts focuses on reducing Pt loading in the catalysts while enhancing the catalytic activity. As a rare-earth element, lanthanum (La) has demonstrated good synergistic effect with Pt-based catalysts, because of its catalytic promoting capability and high dispersibility. Here, we fabricated La-doped nano-Pt-based catalytic membrane electrode using ion beam sputtering method. The effect of La on the morphology and electrochemical performance of the catalytic membrane electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. Compared with pure Pt-based sample, the electrochemical activity specific area of the La-doped sample increases by 74.59%, with 63.95% increase in exchange current density. The results also show that La2O3 enhances oxygen enrichment of the membrane electrode and reduces interfacial energy among Pt grains while pinning the grain boundaries. In addition, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) measurement shows that the Pt loading in the membrane electrodes is below 0.1 mg/cm2. Thus, enhanced catalytic performance is achieved in catalysts with lower Pt loading. 相似文献
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以石墨、沥青和纳米硅粉为原料制备了锂离子电池Si/C负极材料,使用SEM/ BSE 、Raman、XRD、XPS及XPS氩离子刻蚀等方法对其硅活性物质进行了具体分析。结果表明,XRD和Raman仅判断出负极材料中含有活性物质单质Si;常规XPS结果发现近一半的Si已被氧化为惰性物质SiO2;而使用XPS氩离子刻蚀方法发现负极材料中Si存在5种化学态,包括活性物质单质Si、Si2O、SiO、Si2O3,及惰性物质SiO2;定量结果表明,复合材料的硅活性物质高于96.56%,且主要结构是低价态硅氧化物,而非单质Si。XPS氩离子刻蚀的分析方法为锂离子电池负极材料中硅活性物质的研究提供了新思路。 相似文献
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近年来,新型光催化剂氮化碳(C3N5)因其优异的光捕获性能和独特的二维结构备受关注。然而,较高的电子-空穴复合率严重影响其光催化性能。本研究采用水热法成功合成了氧化镍(NiO)改性的C3N5 p-n异质结纳米光催化剂。结果表明,9-Ni/C3N5纳米光催化剂在可见光照射下表现出优异的析氢性能,其析氢速率可高达357μmol/(g·h),是纯C3N5的107倍。这主要归因于9-Ni/C3N5纳米光催化剂形成p-n异质结,有效促进了光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而提高了析氢效率。 相似文献
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S. Martínez F. Zinola G. Planes O. Guillén-Villafuerte J. L. Rodríguez E. Pastor 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2007,11(11):1521-1529
Polymer electrolyte fuel cells constitute one of the most important efficiency energy converters for non-centralised uses.
However, the use of fuels arising from reformate processes significantly lowers the current efficiency because of anodic catalytic
poison coming from adsorbed carbon monoxide (COad). In this work, the influence of the addition of hydrogen peroxide in the flow current is studied, considering the adsorption
and electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide on carbon-supported Pt (20% Pt/Vulcan) and Pt:Ru (1:1, 20% Pt:Ru/Vulcan)
catalysts in 2 M sulphuric acid. The investigation was conducted applying cyclic voltammetry and on-line differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. A series of experiments has been performed to investigate the influence of
the temperature as well as the time of contact and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Oxidation of COad to carbon dioxide occurs at lower potentials in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, it is possible to remove ca.
70% of COad on Pt/C electrodes. On the other hand, for PtRu/C electrodes, similar charge values to those of Pt/C electrodes were obtained
for the CO stripping, but the process occurs at more negative potentials. In this case, the effect of partial desorption for
COad by interaction with hydrogen peroxide is added to the bifunctional mechanism usually considered for this alloy.
This paper is dedicated to Prof. Francisco Nart, in memoriam. 相似文献
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Two Cu-Mo-Fe-Ox samples, which can store and supply pure hydrogen through repeated redox reaction (Fe3O4+4H23Fe+4H2O), were prepared by co-precipitation (FCM-C) and impregnation (FCM-I) methods, respectively, and the performance of hydrogen production from water were investigated. Compared with the impregnated sample, the co-precipitation sample presented better catalytic activity. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) techniques. XRD, FE-SEM and XPS results suggest that the FCM-C sample has smaller particle size and higher dispersion of iron oxide than that of FCM-I sample. In addition, FT-IR and H2-TPR analyses indicate that the weak interaction among metal oxides in FCM-C sample may induce facile reduction of active metal and superior property of hydrogen production by decomposing water in succession. 相似文献
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以P123嵌段模板法合成SiO2-有序介孔(SiO2-OMPs)短棒状结构,以此为前驱体通过镁热还原和酚醛树脂碳包覆处理,成功制备出有序介孔硅/碳复合结构(Si/C-OMPs),用于锂离子电池负极材料测试。从扫描电镜图(SEM)和透射电图(TEM)观察发现,SiO2-OMPs形态可以通过HCl溶液浓度有效调控,在高浓度下获得高堆积密度的粒状有序介孔结构,并在镁热还原和碳包覆处理后这种有序介孔结构均得到完美保持。X射线衍射(XRD)数据的分析表明,镁热还原反应包括两步串连反应:Mg和SiO2先反应形成Mg2Si中间相,而后该相再还原剩余SiO2并获得终产物Si。第二步反应属于缓慢的固/固扩散过程,抑制了整个还原反应的完成,导致Si产率低且存在杂质相。电化学测试表明,由于其坚固的结构和畅通的介孔系统,有序介孔Si/C复合结构具有优异的循环稳定性和倍率性能。 相似文献