极性非质子溶剂与甲醇或1,2-二氯乙烷的汽液平衡

使用双沸点仪测定了丙酮、乙酸乙酯、对二氧六环、乙腈或三乙胺与甲醇或1,2→二氯乙烷以及二者混合物等十一组二元体系在99.3 kPa下的汽液平衡数据(T,x,p), 计算了有关体系的过量吉布斯自由能。结果表明, 六种非质子溶剂与甲醇组成的二元系GE>0; 乙腈或三乙胺与1,2-二氯乙烷组成的二元系GE>0, 而丙酮、乙酸乙酯或对二氧六环与1,2-二氯乙烷的二元混合物GE<0。从同种分子间或不同种分子间的缔合作用对上述结果进行了讨论。本文还在固定极性非质子溶剂(第三组分)物质的量浓度的条件下, 测定了非质子溶剂+1,2-二氯乙烷+甲醇三元混合物的汽液平衡数据, 考察了非质子溶剂的加入对甲醇+1,2-二氯乙烷二元系GE的影响。     

原子发射光谱法间接测定黄连素片剂中盐酸小檗碱的研究

本文提出了离子对-原子发射光谱间接测定黄连素片剂中盐酸小檗碱的新方法。发现用1,2-二氯乙烷作萃取剂效果最佳。用此怯测定实际样品的结果与药典法一致,相对误差为0.61％,单一测定的相对标准偏差为0.67％。本法还可在盐酸普鲁卡因共存下单独测定盐酸小檗碱。方法可靠、适用,选择性较好。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定纺织品中1,2-二氯乙烷

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定纺织品中1,2-二氯乙烷的方法。样品经甲醇超声提取后,以TG-624(30 m×0.32 mm×1.8μm)为色谱柱,采用气相色谱-质谱联用全扫描和选择离子扫描进行定性定量分析、外标法定量。结果表明:在0.05~30 mg/L范围内,1,2-二氯乙烷的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 3;方法检出限为0.50 mg/kg。在0.5、1.0、5.0 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,粘纤、聚酯、羊毛、锦纶、桑蚕丝、腈纶、棉7种纺织品基底的加标回收率为85.2%~101.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.0%~7.4%。该方法简便、准确,灵敏度和精密度高,适用于纺织品中1,2-二氯乙烷的分析检测。     

四苯基卟啉合钴电化学催化还原二卤代乙烷的研究

本文以电化学、薄层电化学,可见·紫外现场光谱电化学和计算机数字模拟等方法,研究了四苯基卟啉合钻在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和1,2-二氯乙烷溶液中电化学催化还原1,2-二澳乙烷和1,2-二氯乙烷的电极过程,测定了平行催化反应速率常数分别为1.2×10~3和5mol~(-1)·dm~3·S~(-1).     

顶空气相色谱法测定纺织品中的1,1-二氯乙烷和1,2-二氯乙烷

采用顶空气相色谱法测定纺织品中1,1-二氯乙烷和1,2-二氯乙烷的含量。样品在顶空瓶中于100℃平衡30min后,通过HP-5MS色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,外标法定量。两种物质的线性范围均为1.0~250mg·kg-1,检出限均为0.25 mg·kg-1,测定下限均为0.83mg·kg-1。加标回收率在95.1%~109%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.3%~2.1%之间。     

麦迪霉素的油／水界面循环伏安法研究及其测定

本文用循环伏安法研究了麦迪霉素推动质子从水相向硝基苯相或1,2-二氯乙烷相转移的过程,测定了麦迪霉素与质子在油相结合的稳定常数,建立了一种新的测定麦迪霉素的电化学方法。检测下限为10μg/mL,线性范围为20～1400μg/mL,样品检测结果与生物效价法相同。     

环境水中非离子表面活性剂的测定——四碘镉化钾缔合萃取原子吸收法

环境水中非离子表面活性剂与碘镉试剂形成的缔合物,用1,2-二氯乙烷萃取,原子吸收法测定镉以间接测定非离子表面活性剂含量。方法检测范围0.07～3mg/L,检测限0.01mg/L(采样体积为100ml)。此法灵敏度高,受阴离子表面活性剂干扰小。     

等色染料离子对—溴酚蓝.亚甲蓝体系萃取光度法测定镍

研究了利用溴酚蓝与亚甲蓝所形成的等色染料离子对萃取测定镍的方法。用酸将l,2-二氯乙烷中的Ni(phen)_3·BPB解析后,并加入与溴酚蓝颜色相近的亚甲蓝。利用1,2-二氯乙烷中溴酚蓝·亚甲蓝的染料离子对协同增敏效应提高了测定镍的灵敏度,其摩尔吸光系数ε=1.58×10~5。镍量在4×10~(-7)～2×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)的范围服从比耳定律。方法用于测定标样ZDL—109中镍的含量,相对标准偏差为3.5％。     

异构丁醇在四氯化碳、正庚烷、苯和1,2二氯乙烷中的红外光谱研究

利用FT-IR,测定了四种异构丁醇十四氯化碳、+正庚烷, +苯和1,2-二氯乙烷稀溶液在3800—3000 cm~(-1)内的红外吸收光谱。缔合峰与自由羟基峰的面积之比与溶质、溶剂的性质有关, 且在极稀溶液区与溶质的质量百分比浓度之间有良好的直线关系。本文又运用1-n(环状)模型对有关体系进行了对比研究。结果表明, 丁醇分子支链度的增加以及丁醇分子与苯和1,2-二氯乙烷之间的特殊相互作用, 降低了醇分子的缔合能力。稀溶液中, 丁醇分子在苯和1,2-二氯乙烷中主要以单体和环状二聚体形式存在, 在四氯化碳中以单体和环状三聚体形式存在, 而正丁醇分子在正庚烷中主要为单体和环状四聚体, 异、仲、特丁醇主要为环状三聚体和单体。     

异构丁醇在四氯化碳、正庚烷、苯和1,2-二氯乙烷中的红外光谱研究

利用FT-IR,测定了四种异构丁醇十四氯化碳、 正庚烷, 苯和1,2-二氯乙烷稀溶液在3800—3000cm~(-1)内的红外吸收光谱。缔合峰与自由羟基峰的面积之比与溶质、溶剂的性质有关,且在极稀溶液区与溶质的质量百分比浓度之间有良好的直线关系。本文又运用1-n(环状)模型对有关体系进行了对比研究。结果表明,丁醇分子支链度的增加以及丁醇分子与苯和1,2-二氯乙烷之间的特殊相互作用,降低了醇分子的缔合能力。稀溶液中,丁醇分子在苯和1,2-二氯乙烷中主要以单体和环状二聚体形式存在,在四氯化碳中以单体和环状三聚体形式存在,而正丁醇分子在正庚烷中主要为单体和环状四聚体,异、仲、特丁醇主要为环状三聚体和单体。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.