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1.
I.-L. Popescu H. Y. Aboul-Enein D. V. Napradean G. L. Radu I. G. Tanase 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2001,6(8):376-378
This paper describes the practical implementation of a quality system in the control laboratory of the National Medicines
Agency, Romania, the main aim being the alignment of the requirements of the control of drugs in Romania with European Union
standards. Activity in this field is relatively new in Romania, however, it is of great importance to Romania’s compliance
with international standards.
Received: 13 September 2000 Accepted: 19 February 2001 相似文献
2.
L. Burnett Colin Rochester Mark Mackay Anné Proos Warwick Shaw Gabe Hegedus 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1997,2(2):76-81
The Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Genetics, within the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research
at Westmead Hospital, is a medical testing laboratory operating within the public sector health system of New South Wales,
Australia. It provides acute-care pathology services to Westmead Hospital (a 900-bed tertiary referral university teaching
hospital) as well as to three district hospitals and three rural hospitals. In addition to these core clinical chemistry services,
it offers approximately 150 specialised biochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, trace metal and molecular genetics assays
as a reference laboratory service. In 1993, the Department became Australia's first medical testing laboratory to be registered
to ISO 9001-1987/AS3901-1987. In 1995, this certification was extended to AS/NZS ISO 9001-1994. We are currently preparing
for further accreditation to ISO/IEC Guide 25-1990, with additional supplementary requirements for medical testing. This paper
describes the Quality System that the Department developed and which has been successfully maintained and extended since original
certification. Important features of the Quality System are:
1. Primary design of the Quality System to meet medical and customer needs, with subsequent addition of required ISO elements.
2. Use of national Quality Award criteria to identify key business processes.
3. Development of integrated technical non-conformance, customer complaint, staff suggestion, and quality system corrective
action procedures.
4. Implementation without external resources.
Our conclusions are that ISO 9000 Quality Systems can be applied to medical testing laboratories, and can be implemented with
minimum resource costs. Improvements in technical and service quality and business performance have resulted from this process.
However, implementation of ISO 9000 at the level of individual Departments is not ideal. Greater improvements are possible
when this process is undertaken at the level of the entire organisation.
Received: 9 September 1996 Accepted: 5 October 1996 相似文献
3.
A laboratory information management system (LIMS) can make a major contribution to the quality and therefore to the efficiency
and competitiveness of a laboratory. Since it can impact all aspects of a laboratory's organization it must be the key if
not the principal player of the laboratory's quality system. It should support the laboratory in establishing, maintaining
and applying quality procedures thereby enabling the laboratory to achieve its quality goals. As a tool, LIMS permits the
laboratory to input and use its own know-how and experience to optimize the total organization (internal and external) and
workflow of generated information. However, perceived "quality" in the context of an LIMS, can be viewed as being made up
of different facets such as the security, reliability and accessibility of information as well as its turn around time and
production cost. This paper reviews the role of a LIMS in the laboratory and the contribution that both system design and
functionality can have on "building quality ".
Received: 5 October 1998 · Accepted: 20 October 1998 相似文献
4.
Irina Lutinger 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2002,7(11):494-497
As laboratories continue to downsize, commercialize and become more businesslike in today’s managed care environment, their
present and future success will greatly depend on the efficiency and flexibility of their laboratory information system (LIS).
Today, LIS is a primary tool for managing business and communication. Laboratories that hope to remain competitive in today’s
dynamic health care must continue to implement new and innovative approaches with their LISs.
Received: 26 July 2002 Accepted: 6 August 2002
Presented at the European Conference on Quality in the Spotlight in Medical Laboratories, 7–9 October 2001, Antwerp, Belgium 相似文献
5.
6.
Herfried Kohl 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1998,3(10):422-425
This paper offers a concise overview of the recent draft of ISO 17025, which is expected to replace EN 45001 in 1999. Reference
is made to the general area of related ISO standards for management systems. The main changes compared with EN 45001 are discussed
for testing laboratories. 相似文献
7.
Christian Bonk-Kassner J. Ehmann Gudrun Gallhoff David S. Moore Barbara Moos Bernd Siegemund 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1997,2(6):285-293
Since the 1980s, quality systems have become an essential element in successful companies and institutions. Today those systems are indispensable to fulfill the needs of the customers and last but not least the requirements of the society. Depending on the company's activities and fields of services, it is necessary to establish various quality systems. The Institut Fresenius (IF) Group runs a number of analytical laboratories and sampling groups. The whole group was accredited according to DIN EN 45001 in 1994. Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) was introduced in 1992 and was certified by the national authority. For certain customers, IF Group is also obliged to work according DIN EN ISO 9001 or GMP. A comparison of these systems with respect to their different priorities shows the possibility of integrating their rules into one comprehensive quality system. The IF Group has therefore installed a quality system operating in parallel. Multilocation accreditations and/or certifications are taking these efforts into account. The benefits are: high transparency of the system for the customers, auditors and personnel, a reduction of maintenance costs, and great flexibility to react to new standards. Could these activities lead to a new Integrated Management System? 相似文献
8.
P. Bode K. Heydorn R. W. Innes R. Wood R. Zeisler 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1998,3(5):197-202
Laboratory managers are facing the task of altering the attitudes of themselves and their employees in order to implement
a quality lifestyle, which is the prerequisite for successful implementation of a quality system complying with appropriate
international standards. The alterations require a painstaking and constructive approach. Not all laboratories have the resources
to secure the assistance of quality consultants. For those laboratory managers who have to find their way towards quality
management on their own, some recommendations are given for a path towards a self-sustaining quality system. Several practical
aspects of the basic steps in this path, which starts with assessing the current status of the laboratory and is followed
by awareness building, are discussed. The recommendations are derived from the experience of the authors in their own laboratories.
Received: 5 June 1997 · Accepted: 7 December 1997 相似文献
9.
W. Jäger 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1997,2(4):199-202
The necessity for analytical quality assurance is primarily a feature of the analytical process itself. With the full establishment
of the EU domestic market, it is also becoming a legal necessity for an increasing number of analytical laboratories. The
requirements which laboratories will need to fulfil are stipulated in DIN EN 45 001. Accredited testing laboratories must
in fact provide evidence that they work solely in accordance with this standard. National and EU commissions, which are legislative
authorities, tend therefore to specify analytical methods, e.g. in the form of regulations or appendices thereto, intended
to ensure that results from different laboratories will be comparable and hence will stand up in a court of law. The analytical
quality assurance system (AQS), introduced by the Baden-Württemberg Ministry for the Environment in 1984, obliges laboratories
to regularly participate in collaborative studies and thereby demonstrate their ability to provide suitably accurate analyses.
This alone, however, does not sufficiently demonstrate the competence of a laboratory. Only personal appraisal of the laboratory
by an auditor, together with the successful analysis of a sample provided by the same and performed under his observation,
can provide proof of the competence of the laboratory. From an analytical point of view, the competence of a laboratory must
be regarded as the decisive factor. Competence can only be attained through analytical quality assurance, which thus must
be demanded of all laboratories.
Received: 4 October 1996 Accepted: 15 January 1997 相似文献
10.
11.
The quality assurance system (QASKI) developed and implemented in the National Institute of Chemistry is presented. It tries
to eliminate the incompatibilies between the present methods of quality assurance used in research and development institutes
such as good laboratory practice and accreditation. Since 1991, QASKI has been used for internal accreditation of laboratories
located in the institute, regardless of the fact that some of them deal with routine analyses and others with research and
development. Every laboratory that wishes to ensure the credibility of its research or routine work enters QASKI and at the
same time chooses an external method of approval. All interested laboratories, study directors, principal investigators, internal
auditing staff, heads of documentation, quality assurance unit staff, the Director of the institute and the Quality Management
Board participate in the internal system. 相似文献
12.
R. Wood 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1996,1(4):140-149
The European Union has prescribed strict quality standards for official food laboratories and the methods of analysis to
be used in laboratories when carrying out official food control work. These requirements, which are based on accreditation,
participation in proficiency testing schemes and using validated methods of analysis, are described in detail. The similar
approach being taken within the Codex Alimentarius Commission is also outlined. The procedures prescribed will ensure that
official food control laboratories have in place the measures to ensure that consistently reliable data can be produced.
Received: 29 November 1995 Accepted: 8 January 1996 相似文献
13.
In the U.S., all clinical laboratory testing is regulated by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) (). The CLIA link test quality and adherence to a body of testing regulations intended to ensure accurate, reliable, and timely patient test results. The goal of the CLIA legislation was to ensure a minimum, fundamental level of quality. In the context of “NEXUS,” quality must “go beyond getting the ‘right’ answer on the ‘right’ patient that can be interpreted against ‘right’ reference values. CLIA regulations with specific minimum, performance requirements, or safeguards, are designed to prevent testing errors. The US Institute of Medicine found that testing processes fail as a result of human error, lack of documentation, and lack of test management. In the latest (2004) interpretations of CLIA regulations, the minimum quality control requirement continues to be analyzing at least two external, liquid quality control materials per test per day. In 1995, we proposed that the responsibility for achieving quality test results shifts from the sole purview of the laboratory director to an “alliance” of laboratory professionals, manufacturers, and regulators. The EQC (equivalent quality control) concept as proposed is a positive step in achieving this alliance. With the obvious lack of scientific and statistical robustness, EQC falls far short of ensuring quality. Achieving the “NEXUS Vision” for quality laboratory testing will not come solely from laboratory professionals. The NEXUS is about how to ensure the full-quality assessment of the testing process – pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical.Presented at the 10th Conference Quality in the Spotlight, March 2005, Antwerp, Belgium. 相似文献
14.
Alain G. Verstraete 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1999,4(3):82-83
A multiple-choice questionnaire was submitted to medical technologists in two medical laboratories, 10 months after the laboratories
had obtained an EN 45001 (Beltest) accreditation. The majority of the technologists (85–90%) considered that their workload
had been increased by the accreditation process but they did not think that the process had improved the quality of their
results. The major advantages were: traceability, the fact that the technologists felt more confident about the procedures
followed, they also received more responsibility and had a better knowledge of the tests performed. The major disadvantages
were the increased paperwork, discrepancies between written procedures and the same procedures in practice, the fact that
more attention was paid to the formalities rather than to the quality of the results and that the accreditation process decreased
the technologists' adaptability. A small majority of the technologists prefered working in an accredited laboratory rather
than in a non-accredited one.
Received: 5 October 1998 · Accepted: 20 October 1998 相似文献
15.
John W. Locke 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1998,3(9):356-361
Laboratory accreditation in the United States is an old profession. Users and regulators have, it seems, been concerned about
the quality of test data they obtain from laboratories for well over half a century. These users have developed many different
systems to meet their needs. As a result, there is much duplication of effort and overlapping in accreditation requirements
and many laboratories have to maintain current accreditation from a number of organizations. A number of attempts have been
made over the years to reduce this duplication, but it still remains. In the meantime, rapid progress has been made internationally
to recognize laboratory accreditation systems in different countries. This paper describes this situation and speculates on
the future, considering the international thrust to simplify and consolidate conformity assessment procedures.
Received: 26 May 1998 · Accepted: 6 June 1998 相似文献
16.
Dermot Hayes 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1996,1(1):18-23
The pertinent issues necessary for the establishment of quality assurance in the microbiology laboratory are discussed. Quality
assurance is a planned system of control measures that enables management to ensure that the analytical data produced in the
laboratory are valid. To introduce quality assurance, all activities in the laboratory that affect the production of analytical
data must be documented and controlled. These include sampling, method selection, laboratory environment, equipment, reagents
and media, staff, reference materials and internal and external quality control. Laboratory accrediation in accordance with
EN45001 and ISO Guide 25 enables laboratories demonstrate to an external agency their ability to perform analytical work and
produce valid analytical data. This gives creditability to the laboratory and allows management to have confidence in the
data produced.
Received: 6 June 1995 Accepted: 3 July 1995 相似文献
17.
P. Schmidt 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1999,4(4):129-132
The Analytical Laboratory of BASF is a central service unit for chemical analysis which can be used by all departments within
the company. It carries out routine as well as non-routine work and has a high amount of R&D orders. A quality system conforming
with GMP rules was installed in the 1970s, followed by a GLP system about 6 years later. In 1995 an EN 45001 certificate was
granted, which also stated the conformity with ISO 9002. A "types of test" orientated system was chosen for accreditation.
This was better suited to the needs of a testing laboratory with a high amount of non-routine work than a purely test-procedure
orientated accreditation. An integrated quality system has now been developed from these activities. It has partly common
elements and partly differing elements taking into account specific regulations. For example, instrument calibration, staff
training, validation of test procedures and the use of computerized systems are covered by uniform rules. Other elements such
as handling of samples and report generation are arranged according to the individual requirements of the various standards.
Rules and regulations are laid down in a system of documents which comprise the quality manual, general standard operating
procedures (SOPs), laboratory-specific SOPs and test procedures. The quality system has been accepted by other accreditiation
bodies on application of special accreditations (workplace safety, biodegradable polymers). But it has had no advantageous
influence on getting GLP certification. An integrated system is very complex and requires appreciable resources. Management
of processes and documentation can only be handled by extensive use of computers. Frequent training of staff and internal
audits are necessary to keep the system at an acceptable level. In order to reduce the complexity of quality management regulations
a harmonization of the different quality systems would be desirable.
Received: 1 October 1998 · Accepted: 10 January 1999 相似文献
18.
Who could be better than the staff themselves to point out inappropriate and ineffective elements in a quality system? A dialogue between the supplier and the customer for clarification of the customers' requirements and possible quality problems is often part of a quality management system. Of no less importance is a dialogue with the staff who "live" with the quality system in the everyday work environment, handling procedures, keeping records, and controlling documents, etc. For this reason a simple internal user inquiry was conducted. The anonymous inquiry form considered areas which effect daily work, and posed questions which, we had reasons to believe, could be tender points among staff. The result was a very positive feedback on the questions, and several advantages and disadvantages were brought forward. Our experience after 2 years with ISO 9001 certification is that internal inquiries are just as important as the dialogue with customers in maintaining an appropriate and effective quality system. Furthermore, such inquiries focus on the quality system and involve the staff in adjustments, tailoring the system and in quality improvements. 相似文献
19.
Robert George Visser 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1999,4(3):108-110
The Laboratory of the Government Chemist (UK) and the Institute for Reference Measurements and Materials (Belgium) evaluated
the correlation between accreditation and performance in proficiency tests. It was concluded that accreditation does not have
the expected positive effect on the quality of laboratory results. In this journal discussions conducted on this subject during
the CITAC workshop at Pittcon in 1998, were published. No satisfactory explanation for this phenomenon was put forward. In
this article, it is proposed that the main effect of accreditation is a decrease of intralaboratory spread. The effect on
the trueness of laboratory results is not significant due to the lack of certified reference materials and the low frequency
of participation in proficiency tests. Proficiency tests cannot be used to find a correlation between accreditation status
and quality without changing the set-up of the proficiency test. 相似文献
20.
When the quality system of the health care organization is certified and the laboratory accredited, two different types of
assessments are also performed. To reduce the extra work caused by these different assessments the Finnish Accreditation Service
FINAS and SFS-Certification have made a pilot experiment in combining the assessments. Joint assessments have been a positive
experience to the laboratory as well as to the assessing bodies, and we find this operating model worth developing. 相似文献