Broadband dielectric film transflector for variable transmission optical filters

A broadband multilayer dielectric film transflector for applications in variable transmission optical filters is proposed. The dielectric film is composed of alternating TiO₂ and SiO₂ layers deposited on a substrate. The transmittance of the dielectric film transflector can be varied from 0 to 100% by adjusting the individual dielectric layer thickness and the number of layers. The conjugate gradient method is used to optimize the design of the transflectors. The obtained transflectors have good transmittance and reflectance within the whole visible range and the incident angle range 0-20°. The manufacturing tolerances on film thickness and refractive index are reasonably large.     

多层介质波导的一种新方法及其在非均匀介质平面光波导中的应用

本文提出求解多层介质平面光波导的一个简单而直接的方法。将其应用于非均匀平面光波导,可以求解任意折射率分布和TM模问题。以抛物线型和指数型分布为例,说明只要分层数目足够多,本文介绍的方法可以达到任意精度。     

Modified complex method for constrained design and optimization of optical multilayer thin-film devices

A new computer design program based on the modified-complex method has been developed for constrained optimization and refinement of optical thin-film multilayer devices. This program is having a provision to include both limiting constraints as well as constraint equations. Constraints are suitably accommodated to generate designs which are practicable and withstand high laser power. Various rapid convergent processes like dynamic contraction and expansion of feasible vertices are incorporated for efficient scanning of the constraint parametric space. A broad band IR antireflection coating has been designed to test its relative efficiency with respect to other available methods. A wide varieties of highly useful multilayer devices have been successfully developed using this method.     

Simulated Darwinian evolution of homogenous multilayer systems: a new method for optical coatings design

A new method for the design of optical multilayer systems is presented. A genetic algorithm is introduced to search for the optimal parameters of the system. The basic theory of genetic algorithms as well as their application to the design of optical coatings is described. The problem of the synthesis of a rejection filter is solved and a comparison with the inverse Fourier transform method is made.     

体声波梯形滤波器的布局设计方法

为保证滤波器性能,缩小滤波器体积,提高晶圆上的芯片数量,提出一种体声波(BAW)梯形滤波器布局的设计方法。该方法包括11条设计准则和设计流程。11条设计准则限制体声波谐振器(BAWR)的形状、位置,BAWR之间的距离,BAWR与焊盘的距离和互连线。设计流程有7个步骤：(1)根据每个BAWR的有效面积,预设每个BAWR的形状;(2)根据BAW梯形滤波器电路结构,排列BAWR;(3)“压缩”布局;(4)对BAWR切趾、微调和旋转;(5)对BAWR和焊盘布线;(6)检测滤波器布局是否符合设计准则;(7)使用声-电磁联合仿真,验证滤波器布局结果。以10个BAWR串并联而成的5阶BAW梯形滤波器为案例,展示了该方法的设计准则和设计流程。优化后的滤波器布局面积利用率达到了44%。对比未优化的滤波器布局,利用该方法优化后的滤波器布局提高了BAW滤波器的带内插损和带外抑制。     

多层介质膜脉冲宽度压缩光栅与超短脉冲作用时的性能分析

基于啁啾脉冲放大技术的超短脉冲激光系统是提供超快、超强激光的重要途径，具有良好输出波形和高损伤阈值的多层介质膜脉冲宽度压缩光栅是获得高峰值功率脉冲激光的关键. 基于傅里叶谱变换方法和严格模式理论，分析了多层介质膜光栅(MDG)在超短脉冲作用下的光学特性. 结果表明，当MDG的反射带宽小于具有高斯分布的入射脉冲的频谱宽度时，-1级反射脉冲呈非对称高斯分布，其前沿出现振荡，并且-1级反射脉冲能量开始剧烈下降. 讨论了MDG结构参数对其反射带宽的影响. 分析了MDG与超短脉冲作用时的近场光分布，对提高其抗激光损 关键词： 脉冲压缩光栅 傅里叶谱变换 模式理论 损伤阈值     

Single resonance monolithic Fabry-Perot filters formed by volume Bragg gratings and multilayer dielectric mirrors

A new class of Fabry-Perot filters produced by a multilayer dielectric mirror deposited on top of a reflecting volume Bragg grating is described. The first fabricated prototype for the 852 nm region demonstrates a 30 pm bandwidth, 90+% transmission at resonance, and a good agreement with theoretical simulation.     

Optimal design of a multilayer diffractive optical element for dual wavebands

A method for optimal design of a multilayer diffractive optical element (MLDOE) for dual-wide-waveband optical systems is presented with consideration of polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency (PIDE) and the weight factors of PIDE for each waveband. The design process and simulation of a MLDOE in mid-wave and long-wave IR are described, and the comparison of diffraction efficiency of the MLDOEs for different design wavelength pairs determined by different methods is given. This method can make the design process more rational and more reasonable and can give a better design result than that with the conventional design method.     

UV protection filters by dielectric multilayer thin films on Glass BK-7 and Infrasil 301

The increasing use of Ultraviolet (UV) light in medicine, industrial environments, for cosmetic use, and even in consumer products necessitates that greater attention be paid to the potential hazards of this type of electromagnetic radiation. To avoid any adverse effects of exposure to this type of radiation, four suitable protection filters were produced to block three UV bands (UVA, UVB, and UVC). The design structure of the required dielectric multilayer filters was done by optical thin film technology using the absorbing property of UV radiation for the substrates and dielectric materials. The computer analyses of the multilayer filter formulas were prepared using Macleod Software for the production processes. The deposition technique was achieved on optical substrates (Glass BK-7 and Infrasil 301) by dielectric material combinations including Titanium dioxide (Ti₂O₃), Hafnium dioxide (HfO₂), and Lima (mixture of oxides SiO₂/Al₂O₃); deposition being achieved using an electron beam gun. The output results of the theoretical and experimental transmittance values for spectral band from 200 nm to 800 nm were discussed in four processes. To analyze the suitability for use in ‘real world’ applications, the test pieces were subjected to the durability tests (adhesion, abrasion resistance, and humidity) according to Military Standard MIL-C-675C and MIL-C-48497A.     

A unique method for reducing losses of bends in dielectric optical wave guide

The dielectric optical wave guide is finding growing attention at millimeter wave frequencies. However the dielectric optical waveguide radiates at bends and thus transmission loss increases. These radiations are in the outword direction of bends. This output radiation at output bends arises due to change in phase velocities of the propagating wave at the centre of the dielectric guide and the phase velocity at the outer surface of the dielectric guide. A unique methiod is suggested to avoid these radiation losses.Experimental results are also shown at microwave frequencies.     

透射式照明系统的光学设计新方法

在各向同性的点光源系统中,利用光线在照明面上的高度与入射角的关系,用Zemax软件设计照度分布均匀的系统。给出了柯拉照明系统的设计实例。通过LightTools软件对其进行模拟和对实际光源系统进行测定,验证了这种设计方法的可行性。     

提高多层介质膜脉宽压缩光栅阈值的清洗方法

采用HPM溶液（盐酸、双氧水和去离子水的混合液）结合氧等离子体对多层介质膜脉宽压缩光栅进行清洗研究。用X射线光电子能谱检测光栅表面的元素成分及其原子含量的变化。实验结果表明,氧等离子体处理能有效去除光栅表面残留光刻胶和碳氟化合物; 再经HPM溶液清洗,反应离子束刻蚀和氧等离子体处理过程产生的金属污染物被进一步去除。经过上述清洗工艺处理后,光栅一级衍射效率仍保持在95%以上,光栅表面激光诱导损伤阈值达到1.6 J/cm2 (1053 nm, 10 ps)。实验结果说明了氧等离子体和HPM溶液相结合能有效清洗多层介质膜脉宽压缩光栅,并显著提高光栅损伤阈值。     

多层介质膜光栅激光预处理

在N-on-1测试模式下研究了多层介质膜光栅的激光预处理效应。实验发现,激光预处理之后多层介质光栅膜的阈值能提高到处理前阈值的1.5~2.0倍。预处理机制可能是低能量密度激光辐照减少了光栅表面的污染物并降低了光栅表面的粗糙度。激光预处理可以作为优化光栅结构、酸洗等一系列提高多层介质膜光栅阈值方法的一个补充。     

一种新颖的智能眼镜光学系统设计方法

提出采用Fresnel微结构的曲面波导微投影光学系统眼镜设计思想,理论分析了所提光学系统的成像原理,给出了光学设计方法,并运用该方法设计了一套样机,曲面波导板近眼表面(即前表面)曲率半径为140.0 mm,后表面曲率半径为143.5 mm,中心厚度为1.7 mm,材料选PMMA (即有机玻璃),微型显示器选0.23″硅基OLED显示屏,分辨率640×480(象素),出瞳直径选为8 mm,眼点距约为18 mm,视场角9.6°(H)×7.2°(V),调制传递函数(MTF)在空间分辨率30 lp/mm时,中心视场MTF接近0.45,全视场大于0.2。从而验证了该方法的可行性。     

A phenomenological model for optical properties of dielectric surfaces

A phenomenological model is proposed for the surfaces of dielectric or excitonic media. The reflection of the eleme$\text{n}$tary excitations is described in terms of a parameter of the form p = p₀exp(iφ). This describes a change of phase upon reflection and, with 0 ? P₀ ? 1, allows for surface roughness, which entails amplitude damping of the reflected excitation. The model is developed consistently with energy conservation, which plays a central role in this analysis. Combined with the idea of a dead layer this model reproduces the essential observed features of the normal incidence excitonic reflectance spectra without need to assume too large changes in the dead layer thickness.     

致冷多层干涉滤光片的光学特性

本文系统地研究了红外多层干涉滤光片的低温特性、并从薄膜的基本光学特性出发,推导了窄带滤光片、截止滤光片透射率与波长的温度效应.给出了截止滤光片截止波长的温度漂移公式.     

Luus-Jaakola optimization procedure for multilayer optical coatings

Designing multilayer optical coatings is a difficult optimization problem because of the huge size of the search space. In the present paper, the Luus-Jaakola (LJ) optimization procedure, a new optimization algorithm, is employed to model multilayer optical coatings in the X-ray domain. With this algorithm it is not necessary to specify initially the number of layers present in a design. Only an upper limit needs to be defined. The algorithm has been used to maximize the reflectivity over a range of incident angles at a fixed wavelength, and over a wavelength range at a fixed incident angle. The results show that the LJ algorithm can be effectively applied to the design of multilayer optical coatings resulting in fewer layers than obtained using alternative optimization methods.     

Laser-induced defects in optical multilayer coatings by the spatial resolved method

The spatial resolved method, which measures the laser-induced damage fluence by identifying the location of the damage point in the Gaussian beam three-dimensional direction, is demonstrated. The advantages and practicality of this method have been explained. Taking a triple frequency beam splitter as an example, the defect damage fluence can be accurately calculated by the spatial resolved method. The different defect damage performance of the triple frequency splitter is distinguished under irradiations of only the 355 and 532 nm lasers. The spatial resolved method provides a way to obtain precise information of optical film defect information.     

Integral method of nondestructive testing of optically transparent dielectric elements of band-pass filters

The narrow and wide band-pass filters with high electrical parameters both in the centimeter and millimeter wave band developed in the Microwave laboratory are built on the basis of H- and E-plane inserts made of a high Q dielectric monocrystal leukosapphire (tg 6*10^–6 in centimeter wave band). The filters based on the E-plane inserts have a rare spectrum of parasitic modes (up to doubled working frequency and higher) and those based on the H-plane inserts have lower insertion loss in the bandwidth. Fig.1 shows the design of a band-pass filter in which the resonators of both the first and second types are used to improve stability of amplitude-frequency characteristic in response to influence of production process and climatic factors. The electrodynamic calculation of such a filter electrical parameters is carried out according to the technique analogous to the one described in [1]. The prooedure of the band-pass filter manufacture envisages the operation of determining whether a specific dielectric element fits for pasting into the filter body. The most expedient testing method for filter elements is the electromagnetic resonance method. However, since the monocrystal leukosapphire is an anisotropic, opticallytransparent material [2], there exists a possibility of using not only the traditional SHF (Super High Frequency) method but also the method of optical testing of the quality of the dielectric element by the shape of conoscopic figures that enables to increase the output of suitable products with reduction of expenditure. A new approach to the nondestructive testing of optically-transparent filter elements using both methods and their mutual dependence in technological process, has been suggested.     

A general method for analyzing the multilayer planar waveguide

A general method for analyzing the multilayer planar optical waveguide is presented. This method can also be used to predict the evolution of a wave propagating in the multibranch planar waveguide. The numerical simulation results show that the prediction is correct.