Modes of coupled photonic crystal waveguides

We consider the modes of coupled photonic crystal waveguides. We find that the fundamental modes of these structures can be either even or odd, in contrast with the behavior in coupled conventional waveguides, in which the fundamental mode is always even. We explain this finding using an asymptotic model that is valid for long wavelengths.     

A study on asymmetric coupled waveguides ascompact dispersion compensators

A strong polarization dependence of pulse compression was experimentally observed using an InGaAsP/InP slab-type coupled waveguide structure consisting of two dissimilar waveguides. This polarization dependence strongly demonstrated that the observed pulse compression results from dispersion compensation due to group velocity dispersion (GVD) associated with supermodes. High mode-conversion efficiency over a wide spectral band in mode converters and the possibility of continuous control of supermode GVD by current injection were demonstrated by numerical simulation.     

Engineering of band gap and cavity mode in phononic crystal strip waveguides

The optimal parameters for the largest band gap were investigated in three typical phononic crystal strip waveguides. Single cavity mode was created inside the band gap region by proper design of a defect. The band structures and the displacement distributions were discussed with the variation of the defect. Results show possibilities to guide extremely slow phonon cavity mode in strip waveguide with chosen displacement components, frequencies and symmetries.     

Single polarization transmission in pedestal-supported silicon waveguides

In this Letter, properties of a pedestal-supported silicon waveguide are investigated, showing that it supports single polarization transmission. The pedestal is fabricated easily through a wet-etching process on strip waveguides. Theoretical analysis shows that this property is due to the leakage of quasi-TM mode when the pedestal width is small. A polarization extinction ratio larger than 20 dB at 1550 nm is measured in the pedestal waveguide sample, demonstrating single polarization transmission property experimentally. Thanks to its large single polarization transmission bandwidth, robustness in fabrication tolerance, and simple fabrication process, pedestal waveguides will have potential applications as simple silicon-integrated polarizers.     

3 dB power splitter design based on coupled cavity waveguides

Using numerical simulations, we investigated the transmission properties for coupled cavity waveguides form in two-dimensional photonic dielectric rods in air with square lattice. The dispersion for the coupled cavity waveguides with different radius of the defects is given. The optimum design waveguide should be perfect transmission for pulse though with a quasi-flat dispersion band. Based on the coupled cavity waveguides, a 3 dB power splitter is designed. Our results may have an important role in the design of efficient power splitters in a photonic circuit.     

Directional coupler design based on coupled cavity waveguides in photonic crystals

We propose a directional coupler design based on coupled cavity waveguide in photonic crystals. The plane wave expansion is used to give the dispersion of the coupled cavity waveguides and two parallel such waveguides. The couple length is got from the dispersion curves. Based on the research of the dispersion, we present a directional coupler and the transmission property is given. This structure is potentially important for highly efficient directional coupler in integrate optical circuit.     

基于全矢量模式匹配法的三维弯曲波导本征模式计算

采用精确、严格的全矢量模式匹配法，计算了三维脊型弯曲波导和条形弯曲波导的本征模式，分析了模式折射率和辐射损耗随弯曲半径的变化关系.计算结果与已报道的有限差分法的结果符合很好.对文献中已报道但没有深入分析的现象给出了合理的解释.半径为50和12 μm的条形波导的计算结果表明：当波导的弯曲半径减小时，发生在分界面处的TE-TM模耦合会显著增强，这将导致弯曲波导中的模式不再是传统意义上的准TE模和准TM模，而是混合模.随着半径的减小，混合模的横向分量之间的差异会减小，当两个横向分量达到近似相等的强度时，波导的偏振相关性将会大大减小. 关键词： 导波光学 全矢量模式匹配法 微环谐振腔 光波导理论     

Spinor-electron wave guided modes in coupled quantum wells structures by solving the Dirac equation

A quantum analysis based on the Dirac equation of the propagation of spinor-electron waves in coupled quantum wells, or equivalently coupled electron waveguides, is presented. The complete optical wave equations for Spin-Up (SU) and Spin-Down (SD) spinor-electron waves in these electron guides couplers are derived from the Dirac equation. The relativistic amplitudes and dispersion equations of the spinor-electron wave-guided modes in a planar quantum coupler formed by two coupled quantum wells, or equivalently by two coupled slab electron waveguides, are exactly derived. The main outcomes related to the spinor modal structure, such as the breaking of the non-relativistic degenerate spin states, the appearance of phase shifts associated with the spin polarization and so on, are shown.     

光子晶体定向耦合三波长功分器

以二维三角晶格光子晶体为研究对象,在该光子晶体中引入两行以一行耦合介质柱为间距的平行单模线缺陷波导.通过分析和研究光子晶体波导耦合结构的耦合和解耦合特性,发现在不同频率下耦合波导的耦合长度不同.利用平面波展开法和定向耦合原理计算了在不同入射光频率下,缺陷波导间耦合波导的耦合长度,设计了一种新型超微光子晶体波导耦合型三波长功分器,实现了归一化频率分别为0.369、0.394、0.435的光波的分束效果.采用时域有限差分法验证了该功分器具有很好的功率分配效果.本文结果有助于光子晶体新型滤波器、定向耦合器、波分复用器、偏振光分束器以及光开关等光子器件的研究.     

Coupling constant of microcavity waveguides based on coupled mode theory

We analyze the microcavity waveguides and derive the coupling constant based on the coupled mode theory. The formula contains only two parameters with clear physical meanings, the quality factor of the cavity modes and the phase shift that the lightwave acquires when tunnelling between two cavities. It provides an easy way to express and modulate the properties of the waveguides. Our analytical results are supported by the simulations using the transfer matrix method.     

Low-loss compact-size slotted waveguide polarization rotator and transformer

Two mode-evolution-based low-loss compact-size integrated polarization rotators and transformers are presented. They are designed to fulfill the tasks of rotating mode polarizations between Gaussian-like strip waveguide modes and non-Gaussian-like slotted waveguide modes, as well as the mode transforming between horizontal and vertical slotted waveguides. Consisting of several adiabatic tapers, the presented devices can achieve complete polarization rotations and transformations between different classes of waveguide modes with a device length of tens of micrometers and with a negligible insertion loss.     

可调谐集成光学Ti:LiNbO3光波导定向耦合滤波器

波分复用技术是当今光纤通信系统中的关键技术之一。具有增加光纤通信系统容量的巨大潜力,集成光学复用技术对于单模光纤通信系统特别重要本文给出了一种集成光学复用器件的设计和制作,这种集成光学滤波器是在之切LiNbO₃衬底上用非对称钛扩散条波导定向耦合器构成,它适于1.32μm和1.55μm波长耦合滤波。为了使单模光纤和条波导有效耦合,我们研制出了硅V型槽,并给出了一种光纤与波导的连接结构。提供了一种切实可行的途径。     

Low-loss germanium strip waveguides on silicon for the mid-infrared

Mid-infrared photonics in silicon needs low-loss integrated waveguides. While monocrystalline germanium waveguides on silicon have been proposed, experimental realization has not been reported. Here we demonstrate a germanium strip waveguide on a silicon substrate. It is designed for single mode transmission of light in transverse magnetic (TM) polarization generated from quantum cascade lasers at a wavelength of 5.8 μm. The propagation losses were measured with the Fabry-Perot resonance method. The lowest achieved propagation loss is 2.5 dB/cm, while the bending loss is measured to be 0.12 dB for a 90° bend with a radius of 115 μm.     

耦合谐振器光波导旋转传感的相位灵敏度

利用光学谐振器结构的色散可提高旋转传感的灵敏度, 耦合谐振器光波导可实现强色散, 本文利用传输矩阵理论, 研究耦合谐振器光波导旋转传感的相位灵敏度, 讨论谐振器布局和波导参数对相位灵敏度的影响, 结果表明波导的相位曲线和相位灵敏度依赖于波导中谐振器的布局, 谐振器数量和耦合系数不仅会影响波导旋转传感相位灵敏度曲线峰值的数量和带宽, 还会影响相位灵敏度的大小, 而损耗会降低波导的相位灵敏度, 本文的结果可用于利用谐振器布局和波导参数设计耦合谐振器光波导的相位灵敏度, 对其在旋转传感方面的应用有重要意义. 关键词： 谐振器 旋转传感 光波导     

Modeling of circular integrated optical microresonators by 2-D frequency domain coupled mode theory

Circular integrated optical (ring or disk) microresonators are increasingly employed as compact and versatile wavelength filters. In this paper, we investigate a 2-D frequency domain model for these devices, based on spatial coupled mode theory. The microresonators are functionally represented in terms of two couplers with appropriate connections using bent and straight waveguides. The abstract scattering matrices of the couplers and the propagation constants of the cavity bends allow to compute the spectral responses of the resonators. Capitalizing on the availability of rigorous analytical modal solutions for bent waveguides, the constituent bent-straight waveguide couplers are modeled using a spatial coupled mode formalism derived by means of a variational principle. The resulting scattering matrices show reciprocity properties as expected according to the symmetry of the coupler structures. We present results for the spectral response and field examples for microresonators with mono- and multi-modal cavities for TE and TM polarizations. Comparisons with finite difference time domain simulations show very good overall agreement.     

Adiabatic transfer of surface plasmons in non-Hermitian graphene waveguides

We investigate the energy transfer of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) based on adiabatic passage in a non-Hermitian waveguide composed of three coupled graphene sheets. The SPPs can completely transfer between two outer waveguides via the adiabatic dark mode as the waveguides are lossless and the coupling length is long enough. However, the loss of graphene can lead to breakdown of adiabatic transfer schemes. By utilizing the coupled mode theory, we propose three approaches to cancel the nonadiabatic coupling by adding certain gain or loss in respect waveguides. Moreover, the coupling length of waveguide is remarkably decreased. The study may find interesting application in optical switches on a deep-subwavelength scale.     

Compact polarization rotators for integrated polarization diversity in InP-based waveguides

We present the design, fabrication, and operation of a polarization converter based on angled waveguides in the InP/InGaAsP material system. By combining design elements from mode evolution and birefringent devices, the total device length is kept short (less than 50 microm) and the insertion efficiency high at 81%+/-19%, which corresponds to an insertion loss of 1 dB. Devices operate broadband, i.e., the polarization conversion exceeds 15 dB over a 100 nm wavelength range. A polarization rotator with these specifications is a prime candidate for use in an integrated polarization diversity scheme.     

Vectorial electromagnetic modes in V-shaped dielectric waveguides with application to quantum wire devices

The properties of V-shaped optical dielectric waveguides are investigated in detail using a vectorial finite element method. The fundamental modes exhibit extremely tight, heart shaped near field patterns. The maximum intensity of the fundamental mode is found to be vertically shifted with respect to the geometrical center of the waveguide. Fundamental and higher order mode properties are extensively studied, including mode patterns, dispersion curves and polarization properties. The local mode polarization of the two fundamental modes varies from a horizontal (vertical) orientation at the groove center to TM (or TE respectively) far in the side wings. The optimal design of waveguides for GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wire diode lasers and Quantum Confined Stark Effect modulators grown on V-grooved substrates is discussed.     

一种水平变化波导中声传播问题的耦合模态法

针对介质参数及海底边界水平变化波导中的声传播问题,本文基于多模态导纳法提出一种能量守恒且便于数值稳定求解的耦合模态方法.将声压表示为一组正交完备的本地本征函数之和,对声压满足的Helmholtz方程在本地本征函数上作投影,推导出关于声压模态系数的二阶耦合模态方程组.耦合矩阵直观描述水平变化因素对模态耦合的贡献.为避免直接求解二阶耦合模态方程组可能遇到的数值发散问题,将其重构为两个耦合的一阶演化方程组,引入导纳矩阵并使用Magnus数值积分方法获得稳定的声场解.利用该耦合模态方法数值计算水平变化波导中的声场,并与COMSOL参考解比较,结果表明该耦合模态理论能够精确求解水平变化波导中的点源及分布源传播问题.     

MZ-MMI-based all-optical switch using nonlinear coupled waveguides

We propose an all-optical switch (AOS) based on Mach-Zehnder (MZ) and Multi-mode interference (MMI) using nonlinear closely coupled waveguides. The device operates by switching between two states of coupled waveguides. In first state the refractive index of waveguides are same and light field will completely couple to nonlinear waveguide in half length of coupler and will back in the second half. We will have π phase difference in this procedure and the input field will appear in Bar-state output. In the second state the refractive index of nonlinear waveguide increase with high intensity control field. In this case, we have lower coupling and change in phase. But, we choose the best refractive index change to obtain the phase change of multiple of 2π necessary for Cross-state in output. The beam propagation method is used to simulate the device operation.