Au(111)上烷烃硫醇SAMs表面应力的理论研究

By using the established statistical thermodynamic theory of adsorbate-induced surface stress of adsorption monolayer on the metal surface, the surface stress Δgin the self-assembly of alkane thiolson Au (111) surface has been calculated. The quantitative relations of the surfaces tress Δgwith the length of the alkyl chain of the molecule and with the coverage θ of molecules on Au (111) have been theoretically Studied respectively. The calculated results agree with Bergeretalis experiment, and especially the quantitative discrepancy between the theory and experiment on the sign of the surface stress has been resolved.Among various components of the adsorbate-adsorbate interaction energies in the ad layer, the substrate mediated interaction is significant for the adsorbate-induced surface stress, which shows that the indirect contribution of the adsorption energy of alkane thiols through the substrate-mediated interaction is very important.This physical mechanism is similar to that for chloride monolayer on the Au (111) electrode.     

甲醇在Au(111)表面吸附的密度泛函研究

 采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论和周期平板模型相结合的方法,对CH3OH分子在Au(111)表面top, fcc, hcp和bridge位的吸附模型进行了构型优化、能量计算以及Mulliken布居分析,结果表明top位是较有利的吸附位. 吸附的CH3OH解离产生甲氧基CH3O和H, 对它们在Au(111)面的吸附进行的计算表明, bridge和fcc位分别是二者的最佳吸附位. 对过渡态的计算给出了CH3OH在Au表面解离吸附的可能机理: 首先发生 O-H 键的断裂,继而生成甲氧基中间体.     

单原子分散的Au/Cu(111)表面合金的表面结构与吸附性质

Au-Cu双金属合金纳米颗粒对包括CO氧化和CO2还原等在内的多个反应有较好的催化活性,然而关于其表面性质的研究却相当匮乏。在此工作中,我们通过对低覆盖度的Au/Cu(111)和Cu/Au(111)双金属薄膜退火,制备出了单原子级分散的Au/Cu(111)和Cu/Au(111)合金化表面,并利用高分辨扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和扫描隧道谱(STS)进一步研究了掺杂原子的电子性质及其对CO吸附行为的影响。研究发现,分散在Cu(111)表面的表层和次表层Au单原子在STM上表现出不同衬度。在-0.5 e V附近,前者表现出相较于Cu(111)明显增强的电子态密度,而后者则明显减弱。吸附实验表明表层Au单原子对CO的吸附能力并没有得到增强,甚至会减弱其周围Cu原子的吸附能力。与Au在Cu(111)表面较好的分散相反,Cu原子倾向于钻入Au(111)的次表层,并且形成多原子聚集体。且Cu原子受Au(111)衬底吸电子作用的影响,其对CO的吸附能力明显减弱。这个研究结果揭示了合金表面的微观结构与性质的关联,为进一步阐明Au-Cu双金属催化剂的表面反应机理提供参考。     

甲硫醇在Au(111)表面不同覆盖度下吸附的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法研究了五种覆盖度下甲硫醇在Au(111)面的吸附构型和吸附能. 分别对于S-H解离前CH₃SH和S-H解离后CH₃S, 计算其在不同覆盖度下的吸附结构和能量. 结果显示各种覆盖度下CH₃SH都优先吸附于top位, 倾斜角为70°±2°, 在低覆盖度(1/12, 1/9, 1/8)下的吸附能最大, 为0.33～0.35 eV; 而CH₃S在各种覆盖度下稳定吸附于bri-fcc位, 倾斜角为48.3°～58.5°, 低覆盖度下的吸附能为2.08 eV. 对于CH₃SH和CH₃S的吸附, 吸附能均随覆盖度的增大而减小. 重点研究了范德华力对高覆盖度吸附的影响. 在覆盖度为1/3时, 采用DFT-D2方法, 分别计算了CH₃SH和CH₃S的吸附, 结果显示范德华力使吸附物和Au表面的距离减小, 同时使CH₃SH和CH₃S的吸附能分别增大为0.59 eV和2.27 eV. DFT-D2方法修正使CH₃SH的结果更接近实验结论, 但使CH₃S的结果偏离实验值.     

阴离子特性吸附和Pt(111)电极表面结构对乙二醇解离吸附动力学的影响

运用电化学循环伏安和程序电位阶跃方法研究了阴离子特性吸附和Pt(111)电极表面结构对乙二醇解离吸附反应动力学的影响. 结果表明, 阴离子特性吸附显著影响乙二醇的解离吸附, 在高氯酸介质中(无特性吸附)测得乙二醇解离吸附反应的初始速率vi以及解离吸附物种(DA)的饱和覆盖度均明显大于硫酸溶液(发生SO2-4/HSO-4特性吸附)中的相应值; 其平均速率v随电极电位的变化呈类似火山型分布, 最大值位于0.22 V(vs SCE)附近. 还发现通过不同处理获得的Pt(111)电极的不同表面结构对这一表面过程也具有显著的影响.     

Au(111)面甲烷硫醇吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法和平板模型研究了CH₃SH分子在Au(111)表面的吸附构型和电子结构. 系统地计算了S原子在不同位置以不同方式吸附的系列构型, 计算结果表明, CH₃SH分子倾向于吸附在top位上, S-C键相对于Au表面法线的夹角为62°～78°|而S-H键断裂后CH₃S_H则倾向于吸附在bri-fcc位上, S-C键相对于Au(111)表面法线的夹角为49°～57°. 比较分析CH₃SH分子和CH₃S_H的吸附, 发现CH₃SH分子倾向于不解离吸附, 表面温度的提升和缺陷的出现可能促使S-H键的断裂. 通过比较S原子在独立的CH₃SH分子和吸附状态下的局域态密度, 发现S-H键断裂后S原子和表面的键合强于S-H键未断裂时S原子和表面的键合. 扫描隧道显微镜(STM)图像模拟显示了CH₃SH和CH₃S_H在Au(111)表面吸附的3个典型的STM图像.     

金属-有机配合物分子在Au(111)表面的吸附行为

用STM对含氧桥的金属-有机配合物[Cu₂(μ-O)(dptap)4(NO₃)₂]分子在Au(111)表面的吸附行为进行了研究. STM结果表明, 该分子同时存在非解离吸附和解离吸附, 大部分分子在Au(111)面形成有规则的排列, 少量分子发生解离吸附, 并形成(√3×√3)R30°Cu原子吸附结构. 探讨了两种吸附现象共存的起因.     

乙烷在Ni(111)表面的吸附和分解

研究了乙烷在Ni(111)表面解离的可能反应机理, 使用完全线性同步和二次同步变换(complete LST/QST)方法确定解离反应的过渡态. 采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论与周期平板模型相结合的方法, 优化了C2H6裂解反应过程中各物种在Ni(111)表面的top, fcc, hcp和bridge位的吸附模型, 计算了能量, 并对布居电荷进行分析, 得到了各物种的有利吸附位. 结果表明, 乙烷在Ni(111)表面C—C解离的速控步骤活化能为257.9 kJ·mol-1, 而C—H解离速控步骤活化能为159.8 kJ·mol-1, 故C—H键解离过程占优势, 主要产物是C2H4和H2.     

H2O在Al(111)表面吸附的量子化学研究

用量子化学从头算方法,以原子簇Al10模拟表面,研究了水在Al(111)表面上不同吸附位的吸附情况,计算得到了稳定的吸附构型和结合能·结果表明：顶位是其最佳吸附位,而且水在表面能以两种取向被吸附,距表面较远时,H端靠近表面,然后跨过一能垒到达最佳吸附位,此时氧端靠近表面·在吸附过程中,水向表面转移电荷,导致表面功函降低·在氧原子不加极化函数时,水分子的二次轴垂直于表面时能量最低;当考虑水中氧的d轨道的影响时,水分子倾斜吸附时能量较低,得到与实验相符的吸附构型。另外还研究了表面电荷对吸附体系的影响,结果表明：表面电荷能使水分子定向,带正电荷时,氧端朝向表面,水分子与表面间平衡距离缩短,吸附作用较强;带负电荷时,水分子氢端朝向表面,吸附的平衡距离较长,吸附能较小。     

甲硫醇在Cu(111)表面的解离吸附: 密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法和平板模型研究了CH₃SH分子在Cu(111)表面的吸附反应.系统地计算了S原子在不同位置以不同方式吸附的一系列构型, 第一次得到未解离的CH₃SH分子在Cu(111)表面顶位上的稳定吸附构型,该构型吸附属于弱的化学吸附, 吸附能为0.39 eV. 计算同时发现在热力学上解离结构比未解离结构更加稳定. 解离的CH₃S吸附在桥位和中空位之间, 吸附能为0.75-0.77 eV. 计算分析了未解离吸附到解离吸附的两条反应路径, 最小能量路径的能垒为0.57 eV. 计算结果还表明S―H键断裂后的H原子并不是以H₂分子的形式从表面解吸附而是以与表面成键的形式存在. 通过比较S原子在独立的CH₃SH分子和吸附状态下的局域态密度, 发现S―H键断裂后S原子和表面的键合强于未断裂时S原子和表面的键合.     

Electrochemical Studies of the Benzoate Adsorption on Au (111) Electrode

Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential capacity (DC), and charge densitymeasurements have been employed to study the benzoate (BZ) adsorption at the Au(111)electrode surface. Thermodynamic analysis of charge density (_M) data has beenperformed to describe the properties of the adsorbed benzoate ion. The Gibbsexcess , Gibbs energy of adsorption G, and the number of electrons flowingto the interface per adsorbed benzoate ion at a constant potential (electrosorptionvalency) and at a constant bulk concentration of the benzoate (reciprocal of theEsin—Markov coefficient) have been determined. The results demonstrate thatalthough benzoate adsorption starts at negative charge densities, it takes placepredominantly at a positively charged surface. At the most positive potentials,the surface concentration of benzoate attains a limiting value of about 7.3×10^–10mol-cm^–2, which is independent of the bulk benzoate concentration. This valueis consistent with packing density corresponding to a closed-packed monolayerof vertically adsorbed benzoate molecules. At negative charge densities, benzoateassumes a flat (-bonded) surface coordination. The surface coordination ofbenzoate changes, by moving from a negatively to positively charged surface.At the negatively charged surface, the electrosorption bond is quite polar. Thepolarity of the chemisorption bond is significantly reduced due either to a chargetransfer or a screening of the charge on the anion by the charge on the metal.     

pH Effect on Oxidation of Hydrogen Peroxide on Au(111) Electrode in Alkaline Solutions

The hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction (HPOOR) on Au(111) electrode in alkaline solutions with pH values ranging from 10 to 13 was examined systematically. HPOOR activity increased and the slope of the \begin{document}$i$\end{document}-\begin{document}$E$\end{document} curve decreased with increasing pH. HO\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}\begin{document}$^-$\end{document} is suggested to be the main reactive intermediate for HPOOR in alkaline media. The fast kinetics for HPOOR in alkaline solution is facilitated by the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged electrode and the reactive anions (i.e., HO\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}\begin{document}$^-$\end{document} and OH\begin{document}$^-$\end{document}), which increases the concentration of these reactants and the thermodynamic driving force for HO\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}\begin{document}$^-$\end{document} oxidation at the reaction plane.     

Pt(111)单晶电极上乙二醇解离吸附反应动力学

运用电化学循环伏安和程序电位阶跃方法研究了乙二醇在Pt(111)单晶电极上的解离吸附过程.动力学研究的定量结果指出,乙二醇解离吸附反应的平均速率随电极电位变化呈火山型分布,其最大值在0.10 V(vs SCE)附近.测得在含2×10－3 mol•L－1乙二醇的溶液中,最大初始解离速率vi为4.35×10－12 mol•cm-－2•s－1.     

碱基腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶在Au(111)电极上的共吸附

用循环伏安法(CV)和电化学扫描隧道显微镜(ECSTM)在HClO4溶液中研究了配对碱基腺嘌呤(Adenine,A)与胸腺嘧啶(Thymine,T)在Au(111)电极上的共吸附行为.CV曲线表明,A和T的电化学共吸附行为更接近于A的电化学吸附行为.高分辨STM图像显示,在物理吸附区域碱基A和T分子之间通过氢键作用形成一种不同于单组分的网络结构.根据STM图像提出一个可能的模型,并给出了在Au(111)电极上共吸附时A和T分子之间可能的氢键作用方式.     

A Periodic Density Functional Study on Adsorption Properties of Methoxy on Au（111） Surface

1INTRODUCTION Methoxy(CH3O)has been identified as the first intermediate in the decomposition of methanol on extensive list of clean transition metal surfaces,such as Ni(100)[1],Cu(100)[2,3],Cu(111)[4],Ag(111)[5],Au(110)[6],Pd(111)[7]and Ru(0001)[8].The electronic structure of the metal is a determining factor in OH bond scission.In fact,group IB clean surfaces have shown very low activity towards this reaction,al-though there are reports on low amounts of methoxy formed on clean Cu(…     

Differential Surface Stress of Single-Crystal Gold(111) in a Potassium Chloride Melt

The derivative of the surface stress by the charge (q-estance) for the (111) face of single-crystal gold in a KCl melt is measured as a function of potential, temperature, and ac frequency. The derivative alters its sign thrice at relatively low temperatures, giving rise to two extremums in the potential dependence of the surface stress. One is a cathodic maximum, which corresponds to the potential of zero charge. The other, in the anodic range, is due to the chlorine adsorption, which results in the surface recharging. An additional surge of the amplitude and a double change of the phase in it occur between anodic zeros. Regularities are discussed and the results are interpreted within a model of chemical interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate.