锌离子在水相介南Zn／V2O5二次电池中的迁移性能研究

利用间歇性恒电流测定法和Ｘ－Ｒａｙ衍射法，研究水相介质的Ｚｎ／Ｖ２Ｏ５二次电池中的锌离子在正材料中的迁移性能及其放电机理；讨论锌离子正极材料中发生迁移时的某些动力学参数与放电深度的关系，实验结果表明，该电池的正极放电反应为锌离子在ＺｎｘＶ２Ｏ５中的嵌入过程。     

生理条件下稀土及钙,锌离子与L—羟脯氨酸配位作用的研究

生理条件下稀土及钙、锌离子与Ｌ－羟脯氨酸配位作用的研究＊高峰＊＊牛春吉孟淑兰倪嘉缵（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所稀土化学和物理开放实验室长春１３００２２）金天柱王瑞瑶王祥云（北京大学稀土材料化学和应用国家重点实验室北京１００８７１）关键词稀土钙锌Ｌ－...     

锌酸钙的球磨法合成及其电化学性能

阳极材料;锌镍电池;锌酸钙的球磨法合成及其电化学性能     

锌电极电化学行为Ⅵ.锌粉在碱性电解液中的电化学腐蚀

锌电极是广泛使用于一次和二次电池中的阳极材料. 在二次电池中主要是以锌粉作为电极材料. 长期以来,由于锌粉电极在充放电过程中发生形变和枝晶生长等^[1],致使它组成的二 次电池循环寿命差. 为了研究锌粉在碱性电解液中的腐蚀行为,人们通常是使用锌盘电极来模拟锌粉的情况^[2]. 但是锌盘与锌粉不同. 为此,我们采用电解沉积锌粉于锌盘电极上,制成 粉状电极研究锌粉在碱性溶液中的腐蚀行为及一些非离子型有机缓蚀剂对锌粉的缓蚀作用     

Zn/V2O5水相二次电池的交流阻抗研究

钒的氧化物,特别是Ｖ6Ｏ13与Ｖ2Ｏ5,由于具有层状结构,可以嵌入一定量的小体积阳离子而保持原有的晶体结构基本不变,因而作为电池的可逆嵌入电极材料,一直受到广泛重视[1-9].从考虑降低电池生产成本、提高电池的安全性和充分利用我国的钒资源角度出发,本课题组研究了锌与一些钒氧化物组成的二次电池,主要是Ｚｎ/Ｖ6Ｏ13有机相二次电池[10]和Ｚｎ/Ｖ2Ｏ5水相二次电池[11,12].研究结果表明,在一定范围内,锌离子能够可逆地嵌入到上述钒氧化物的层状结构中.该类二次电池具有价格低、安全性能好、能量密度大并具有适度的循环寿命和贮存寿命等优点…     

可充电锌–空气电池电极的研究进展

可充电锌–空气电池具有安全性高、能量密度大和成本低等优点,被认为是最有前途的下一代储能电池之一,可用于超大规模的储能、电动汽车和其他消费电子产品等.然而,锌电极在反应过程中会发生钝化、枝晶、析氢,以及空气电极中氧化还原动力学缓慢等问题,这严重影响了锌–空气电池的性能.本文首先介绍了锌–空气电池的结构和工作原理;其次分别探讨了锌–空气电池的阳极和阴极的工作过程中出现的问题及解决措施;最后讨论了锌–空气电池在未来所面临的发展前景与挑战.     

水系锌离子电池电解液添加剂的研究进展

电解液添加剂能有效缓解锌金属阳极的不可控枝晶生长和固有副反应,大幅提升锌金属阳极的循环稳定性和可逆性,对水系锌离子电池的发展和商业化应用具有重要意义。本文通过对近期水系锌离子电池电解液添加剂的研究进展进行了系统总结和分析,简要介绍了锌金属阳极目前面临的主要挑战及其相关机理,重点阐述了电解液添加剂对锌金属阳极界面的作用机制,包括改变溶剂化结构、调节沉积方式、构筑界面保护层。此外,还对不同类型电解液添加剂进行了分类讨论,包括离子添加剂、无机添加剂和有机添加剂。最后,我们进一步对电解液添加剂策略在提升水系锌离子电池电化学性能中存在的科学问题和未来的研究方向进行了总结与展望。     

锌离子在水相介质Zn/V_2O_5二次电池中的迁移性能研究

利用间歇性恒电流测定法和Ｘ Ｒａｙ衍射法,研究水相介质的Ｚｎ／Ｖ２Ｏ５二次电池中的锌离子在正极材料中的迁移性能及其放电机理;讨论锌离子在正极材料中发生迁移时的某些动力学参数与放电深度的关系．实验结果表明,该电池的正极放电反应为锌离子在ＺｎｘＶ２Ｏ５中的嵌入过程．     

黄铜脱锌的抑制

黄铜脱锌的抑制汪的华邹津耘＊邱万川杨兴和（武汉大学环境科学系武汉４３００７２）关键词黄铜脱锌，抑制作用，砷，缓蚀剂１９９６－１２－０８收稿，１９９７－０６－２０修回金属腐蚀与防护国家重点实验室和国家自然科学基金资助课题抑制黄铜脱锌目前受到普遍重视．抑...     

稀土聚乙炔电化学

本文研究了稀土聚乙炔在水溶液中进行电化学掺杂和化学掺杂,及稀土聚乙炔的电位;用掺杂后的稀土聚乙炔作为水溶液体系一次电池的阴极,以镁作阳极构成半塑料电池;并研究了以稀土聚乙炔作为有机电解质体系可再充式电池的阴极,以锂作阳极的化学电源的电性能。     

电结晶制〔Co/Pt〕_n(n≥50)超晶格的研究

用电结晶法制取了〔Ｃｏ（２．５ｎｍ）／Ｐｔ（２．５ｎｍ）〕ｎ（ｎ＝５０）超晶格．通过控制过电位以控制多层膜的生长．应用了具有高空间实分解能的反射电子显微镜法（ＲＥＭ）直接观察Ｐｔ（Ⅲ）面上的原子台阶以及在Ｐｔ（Ⅲ）上的Ｃｏ的生长方式,发现在高过电位Ｅ＝－１．１５Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ｈｇ／Ｈｇ２ＳＯ４）下Ｃｏ以三维生长方式成膜．用小角度Ｘ射线衍射法证实在Ｐｔ（Ⅲ）面上确实形成了人工超晶格,其周期ｄ＝５ｎｍ．     

Optimization of the composition of zincate electrolyte for fabrication of electrodeposited zinc powder electrolytes

Effect of Tsinkamin-02 additive on characteristics of electrolytically fabricated zinc electrode for backup power sources was studied. Its influence on how a zinc powder is formed, deposition process parameters (current efficiency by zinc, cathodic polarization), and utilization factor of the active substance of the negative electrode in a nickel-zinc power source discharged in a high-intensity mode was determined. The component concentrations of the electrolyte used to deposit the zinc powder were optimized. An explanation was suggested for the mechanism of Tsinkamin-02 action.     

1,2-disubstituted ethylene in radical polymerization

Effect of Tsinkamin-02 additive on characteristics of electrolytically fabricated zinc electrode for backup power sources was studied. Its influence on how a zinc powder is formed, deposition process parameters (current efficiency by zinc, cathodic polarization), and utilization factor of the active substance of the negative electrode in a nickel-zinc power source discharged in a high-intensity mode was determined. The component concentrations of the electrolyte used to deposit the zinc powder were optimized. An explanation was suggested for the mechanism of Tsinkamin-02 action.     

稀土氧化物对二次锌电极性能的影响

应用阴极极化法在锌电极上覆盖一层稀土氢氧化物膜La(OH)3或Ce(OH)3,并用循环伏安、动电位极化、定电位阴极极化实验研究其电化学性能.结果表明,La(OH)3或Ce(OH)3膜能抑制锌酸根离子的迁移,提高析氢过电位,降低腐蚀电流密度并能抑制枝晶生长.SEM观测显示,稀土氧化物La2O3或CeO2改变了锌沉积形态,进而提高了锌酸钙电极的充放电循环性能.     

Zinc(II) porphyrins at the air-water interface as studied by polarized total-reflection X-ray absorption fine structure

The polarized total-reflection X-ray absorption fine structure method was applied to characterize zinc porphyrins at the air-water interface. The X-ray absorption near edge structure exhibited a significant difference depending on the polarization of the X-ray. A shoulder peak of the Zn K-edge corresponding to the 1s-4p(z) transition for a square planar metal complex without axial coordination(s) was observed at 9662 eV, which indicates that the axial coordination sites of zinc porphyrin molecules examined are not fully hydrated at the air-water interface. The molecular orientation of zinc porphyrins was determined by analyzing the polarization dependence of the transition peak intensity. The meso-substituted porphyrin derivative 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II) (ZnTPP) orients rather parallel to the solution surface. In contrast to ZnTPP, the zinc(II) protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) with hydrophilic carboxyl groups at one side of the molecule stands up with respect to the solution surface, and the average tilting angle of the porphyrin plane to the surface was evaluated to be between 57 degrees and 43 degrees. In addition, the axial coordination of ZnPP is modified depending on the surface concentration, in which the axial hydration to the zinc center is effectively inhibited in the compressed surface layer.     

阳极型缓蚀剂在锌－锰干电池中的应用

锌锰干电池存放时容量下降主要是锌负极腐蚀(自放电)引起的.为保证电池一定的工作性能和储存寿命,长期以来沿用的办法是在电液中加入适量汞盐,通过锌表面的汞齐化使析氢过电位提高,以抑制锌的腐蚀.     

三种添加剂对纳米晶锌镀层电沉积行为及结构的影响

运用极化曲线、XRD和SEM研究了三种有机添加剂对酸性硫酸盐溶液中锌电沉积行为以及纳米晶锌镀层结构的影响.结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、4-苯基-3-丁烯-2-酮(BA)和聚乙二醇(PEG)三种添加剂之间具有较强的协同作用,采用三者组成的混合添加剂可制备出光亮致密的纳米晶锌镀层.镀层晶粒细化的主要原因在于混合添加剂可有效提高锌的沉积过电位,使锌沉积过程中的晶核形成速率增大.     

The Three‐Dimensional Dendrite‐Free Zinc Anode on a Copper Mesh with a Zinc‐Oriented Polyacrylamide Electrolyte Additive

Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries have been considered as a promising candidate for next‐generation batteries. However, the formation of zinc dendrites are the most severe problems limiting their practical applications. To develop stable zinc metal anodes, a synergistic method is presented that combines the Cu‐Zn solid solution interface on a copper mesh skeleton with good zinc affinity and a polyacrylamide electrolyte additive to modify the zinc anode, which can greatly reduce the overpotential of the zinc nucleation and increase the stability of zinc deposition. The as‐prepared zinc anodes show a dendrite‐free plating/stripping behavior over a wide range of current densities. The symmetric cell using this dendrite‐free anode can be cycled for more than 280 h with a very low voltage hysteresis (93.1 mV) at a discharge depth of 80 %. The high capacity retention and low polarization are also realized in Zn/MnO₂ full cells.     

Utilizing Cationic Vacancies and Spontaneous Polarization on Cathode to Enhance Zinc-Ion Storage and Inhibit Dendrite Growth in Zinc-Ion Batteries

High energy density and intrinsic safety are the central pursuits in developing rechargeable Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). The capacity and stability of nickel cobalt oxide (NCO) cathode are unsatisfactory because of its semiconductor character. Herein, we propose a built-in electric field (BEF) approach by synergizing cationic vacancies and ferroelectric spontaneous polarization on cathode side to facilitate electron adsorption and suppress zinc dendrite growth on the anode side. Concretely, NCO with cationic vacancies was constructed to expand lattice spacing for enhanced zinc-ion storage. Heterojunction with BEF leads to the Heterojunction//Zn cell exhibiting a capacity of 170.3 mAh g⁻¹ at 400 mA g⁻¹ and delivering a competitive capacity retention of 83.3 % over 3000 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹. We conclude the role of spontaneous polarization in suppressing zinc dendrite growth dynamics, which is conducive to developing high-capacity and high-safety batteries via tailoring defective materials with ferroelectric polarization on the cathode.