正交各向异性韧性材料应力-应变关系

采用大变形弹塑性有限元方法分析了各向同性和正交各向异性韧性材料光滑圆棒拉伸试件的颈缩问题．首先给出了采用计算机模拟确定各向同性韧性材料真实应力-应变曲线的具体方法；对正交各向异性韧性材料的分析表明，颈缩截面呈椭圆形，其长短轴方向的等效塑性应变基本上均匀分布，与Bridgman假设一致；轴向拉伸载荷-位移曲线与其它两方向的各向异性参数关系不大．在此基础上，建议了一种确定正交各向异性韧性材料真实应力-应变曲线的方法．     

气管的非线性弯曲力学性能研究1)

研究了人工气管和生物气管拉伸和弯曲的力学性能及仿真方法。根据气管拉伸实验数据,拟合建立了人工气管的线弹性和生物气管的非线性幂函数本构模型,其与实验的最大误差为18.8%。根据非线性弯曲理论,建立了气管大变形的弯曲变形方程,并得到了其解析解,计算的弯曲载荷与实验的最大误差为8.7%。基于显式有限元法提出了气管弯曲变形的有限元仿真方法,犬气管的弯曲角度的有限元计算结果与实验的误差为3%。     

Impact of material processing and deformation on cell morphology and mechanical behavior of polyurethane and nickel foams

The cell morphology and mechanical behavior of open-cell polyurethane and nickel foams are investigated by means of combined 3D X-ray micro-tomography and large scale finite element simulations. Our quantitative 3D image analysis and finite element simulations demonstrate that the strongly anisotropic tensile behavior of nickel foams is due to the cell anisotropy induced by the deformation of PU precursor during the electroplating and heat treatment stages of nickel foam processing. In situ tensile tests on PU foams reveal that the initial main elongation axis of the cells evolves from the foam sheet normal direction to the rolling direction of the coils. Finite element simulations of the hyperelastic behavior of PU foams based on real cell morphology confirm the observation that cell struts do not experience significant elongation after 0.15 tensile straining, thus pointing out alternative deformation mechanisms like complex strut junctions deformation. The plastic behavior and the anisotropy of nickel foams are then satisfactorily retrieved from finite element simulations on a volume element containing eight cells with a detailed mesh of all the hollow struts and junctions. The experimental and computational strategy is considered as a first step toward optimization of process parameters to tailor anisotropy of cell shape and mechanical behavior for applications in batteries or Diesel particulate filtering.     

用晶体弹塑性有限单元法研究双晶金属拉伸变形

本文从单晶体应力-应变关系的精确实验结果和多晶体滑移特性出发,建立相应的计算模型,并采用微观力学和晶体弹塑性有限单元法,研究双晶金属试样的拉伸变形,得到其应力-应变曲线,晶体内滑移变形和应力分布规律,以及晶界影响区对它们的影响。     

金属试件变形断裂过程的计算模拟分析——组合功密度模型的应用

本文作者已建立了一个既适用于裂纹体亦适用于无裂纹体的统一损伤断裂模型——组合功密度模型。在本文中,作者应用该模型并结合大应变弹塑性有限元方法对40Cr制的圆棒光滑拉伸试件、圆棒切口拉伸试件和三点弯曲裂纹试件的变形和断裂过程进行了计算模拟。模拟结果很好地再现了两种圆棒拉伸试件的实验过程;而对于三点弯曲试件,模拟得到的载荷——加载位移关系曲线、裂纹扩展量——加载位移关系曲线、J_R阻力曲线和断裂韧性J_(IC)值等均与实测结果相当吻合。证实了该模型既能用于模拟预测无裂纹体中的裂纹萌生和扩展,也能模拟预测裂纹体中的裂纹起裂和稳定扩展过程。     

用于准脆性材料破坏过程数值模拟的虚拟连接单元法

将有限变形单元与虚拟连接单元相结合,用于模拟准脆性材料破坏过程.首先基于精确的有限变形理论,采用第二类Piola-Kirchhoff应力与Green-Lagrange应变作为能量共轭的应力、应变对,推导出虚拟连接单元的单元刚度矩阵;通过数值算例,验证该单元的正确性与合理性,给出虚拟连接单元高度的取值范围,并与无此单元时的数值结果对比,给出误差分析;最后对典型的混凝土梁三点弯曲问题进行了数值模拟,其裂纹的产生、扩展与文献结果一致,论文为结构破坏过程的数值模拟提供了新方法和新思路.     

Determination of stresses near multiple pores and rigid inclusion by relaxation elements

The relaxation element method (REM) is used to obtain the stress field for three circular pores under uniaxial tensile loading. A model for determining the sites of localized plastic deformation in polycrystal with a rigid inclusion is also presented. Here, a pore is defined as a very soft inclusion. The results are compared with those found by using the finite element method.     

Computer simulation of tensile deformation of aluminium bicrystalline specimen by means of elasto-plastic finite element method of crystal

Based on the experimental data of strain-stress relation of single crystal and the complexity of polycrystal deformation, a calculating model is proposed and the calculating program is designed. Finally, the tensile deformation of the bicrystal aluminium specimen is simulated by means of the crystal elasto-plastic finite element method. The strain-stress curve of tension, the details of the slip deformation and the stress distribution are obtained. So the effect of the region near grain boundary is shown obviously.     

A theoretical and numerical study of thin film delamination using the pull-off test

An accurate closed-form analytical solution for the strain energy release rate for a thin rectangular film loaded by a central line force using the pull-off test is derived in the presence of a tensile residual stress. The theoretical constitutive relation and the strain energy release rate agree very well with two-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis for the entire deformation regime ranging from bending plate to stretching membrane. Fracture modes for this pull-off test are also investigated based upon the finite element analysis, offering additional insights to the interfacial delamination.     

Numerical study of the plastic behaviour in tension of welds in high strength steels

The influence of the mismatch between material properties and constraint on the plastic deformation behaviour of the heat affected zone of welds in high strength steels is investigated in this study, using finite element simulations. An elastoplastic implicit three-dimensional finite element code (EPIM3D) was used in the analysis. The paper presents the mechanical model of the code and the methodology used for the numerical simulation of the tensile test of welded joints. Numerical results of the tensile test of welded samples with different hypothetical widths for the Heat Affected Zone and various material mismatch levels are shown. The analysis concerns the overall strength and ductility of the joint and in relation to the plastic behaviour of the heat affected zone. The influence of the yield stress, tensile strength and constraint on the stress and plastic strain distribution in the soft heat affected zone is also discussed.     

单晶体和双晶体微观层次变形行为的有限元分析

从微观层次上研究金属材料的变形行为,将位错引入到本构关系中,用硬化函数描述材料的硬化规律,考虑了变形的率相关性,采用三维模型用大变形有限单元法对单晶体在单向拉伸载荷和循环载荷作用下的变形行为、双晶体在单向拉伸作用下滑移系的开动进行了模拟计算,得到了与实验一致的计算结果。     

横观各向同性超弹性球壳的有限振动

应用有限变形动力学理论研究了一种横观各向同性不可压超弹性材料球壳在表面突加均布拉伸载荷作用下的有限振动问题给出了球壳振动的振幅和外加载荷之间的关系,得到了球壳振动的相图和近似的周期,讨论了球壳振动的振幅、相图及振动的周期和材料各向异性程度的关系.     

An approach for prediction of the elasto-plastic behavior of particulate reinforced composites

A numerical approach is presented in this paper for the calculation of the elasto-plastic deformation behavior of particulate reinforced composites. The effect of shape and arrangement of particulate on the elastic modulus and tensile deformation behavior were estimated. The approach presented can consider the shape and arrangement effect of reinforcement particulate via a simple parameter called the geometrical factor (Gf). Elastic moduli and tensile deformation estimations for the particulate reinforced composites were studied. The results of proposed approach were in very good agreement with the results of finite element analysis.     

基面力概念在几何非线性余能有限元中的应用

以基面力为基本未知量描述一个弹性系统的应力状态并表征单元的余能,将大变形的余能分解为变形余能部分和转动余能部分,采用Lagrange乘子法放松单元的平衡方程,利用已有的弹性大变形余能原理建立了一种几何非线性显式有限元模型,编制了相应的几何非线性余能原理有限元程序. 数值算例表明:该方法具有较好的收敛性和计算精度,可进行大载荷步的大位移、大转动计算.      

不同本构模型对橡胶制品有限元法适应性研究

为确定不同本构模型对橡胶制品进行非线性有限元分析的适应性,采用HyperMesh 和ABAQUS软件建立了橡胶标准试件和防尘罩制品的非线性有限元模型. 根据标准试件单轴拉伸试验数据,利用ABAQUS软件拟合了Mooney——Rivlin, Ogden 及Yeoh 3 种本构模型的特征参数,并给出了试件和制品轴向拉伸和压缩工况有限元分析结果. 实测试验与有限元分析结果对比发现:在应变不大于100% 时,两参数的Mooney——Rivlin本构模型计算误差较小;在应变大于100% 时, 用Yeoh 和Ogden 本构模型计算误差较小. 该结论对大变形橡胶元件的非线性特性理论分析具有实际意义.     

零级次弹性圆柱杆在常速度拉伸时的惯性效应

本文给出了一个零级次弹性圆柱杆在常速度拉伸时有限变形的解析解,由其解发现在不同拉伸速度下应力-应变曲线的不同,完全是由于惯性力而引起,它使轴向应力几乎是随着拉伸速度比值的平方而增加。     

有限弹塑性变形的三维组集式本构模型

本文将文[1]中提出的三维组集式弹塑性本构模型推广应用于有限变形分析,导出了全量型和增量型本构关系在初始构形上的拉格朗日(Total Lagrange)形式和瞬时构形上的拉格朗日(Updated Lagrange)形式。文中对晶体单轴拉伸中的宏观剪切带进行了分析。预测结果与实验吻合。从而说明这种本构模型能够模拟有限变形中的几何非线性效应和晶体材料塑性变形中的宏观力学行为。     

晶体塑性变形离散滑移模型及有限元分析

基于韧性单晶体实验现象，建立了描述晶体塑性变形的离散滑移模型．该模型的主要特点是：晶体滑移变形在宏观上是不均匀的，滑移带的分布是离散的．利用晶体塑性理论对模型进行了有限变形有限元分析，计算结果揭示了晶体滑移的离散行为，模拟的应力 应变曲线与实验曲线相吻合     

考虑晶界效应的多晶体有限变形分析

将晶界及其影响区综合考虑，建立了考虑晶界效应的力学模型，结合晶体塑性理论，利用有限变形有限元对多晶体进行数值模拟，数值结果显示了细观层次下晶粒变形场的特点，理论计算同实验定性一致。     

基于试验与有限元耦合技术的延性材料全程单轴本构关系获取方法

摘 要: 材料拉伸直至断裂的全程单轴本构关系对材料大变形和断裂机理研究具有重要意义。传统拉伸试验获取的材料真应力-真应变曲线在试样颈缩后不可测。借助可以精确测量三维变形的DIC(Digital image correlate) 技术和有限元分析技术(Finite element analysis),本文提出了基于漏斗试样拉伸试验获取材料全程单轴本构关系的新方法,即TF(Test and FEA)方法。该方法将TF方法获取的材料全程单轴应力应变关系曲线作为有限元软件中的材料本构关系对漏斗试样拉伸变形过程进行模拟,其模拟载荷-位移曲线、漏斗根部直径-位移曲线和漏斗变形轮廓线等均与试验结果吻合良好,试样表面模拟应变也与DIC测试结果吻合, 根据不同半径漏斗试样模拟获得的全程真应力-真应变曲线保持良好一致性。最后,还对试样颈缩断面的力学行为进行了讨论,并给出了304不锈钢、汽轮机叶片材料2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNBN和 1Gr12Ni3Mo2VN、汽轮机转子材料30Cr2Ni4MoV的全程单轴本构关系模型参数、破断应力和破断应变。