The product of the idempotents and an $\mathcal{H}$-class of the finite full transformation semigroup

We investigate the set products S=EH, where E is the set of idempotents of a finite full transformation semigroup T _X and H is an arbitrary H\mathcal{H}-class of T _X . We show that S is a semigroup and is a union of H\mathcal{H}-classes of T _X . We determine the nature of this union through use of Hall’s Marriage Lemma. We describe Green’s relations and thereby show that S has regular elements of all possible ranks and that \operatornameReg(S)\operatorname{Reg}(S) forms a right ideal of S.     

The regular part of a semigroup of transformations with restricted range

Let T(X) be the full transformation semigroup on the set X and let T(X,Y) be the semigroup consisting of all total transformations from X into a fixed subset Y of X. It is known that $$F(X, Y)=\{\alpha\in T(X, Y): X\alpha\subseteq Y\alpha\},$$ is the largest regular subsemigroup of T(X,Y) and determines Green??s relations on T(X,Y). In this paper, we show that F(X,Y)?T(Z) if and only if X=Y and |Y|=|Z|; or |Y|=1=|Z|, and prove that every regular semigroup S can be embedded in F(S ¹,S). Then we describe Green??s relations and ideals of F(X,Y) and apply these results to get all of its maximal regular subsemigroups when Y is a nonempty finite subset of X.     

Rank and idempotent rank of finite full transformation semigroups with restricted range

Let T(X) be the full transformation semigroup on the set X and let T(X,Y) be the semigroup consisting of all total transformations from X into a fixed nonempty subset Y of X. In 2011, Sanwong studied the regular part $$F(X,Y)=\bigl\{\alpha\in T(X,Y): X\alpha\subseteq Y\alpha\bigr\}, $$ of T(X,Y) and described its Green’s relations and ideals. In this paper, we compute the rank of F(X,Y) when X is a finite set. Moreover, we obtain the rank and idempotent rank of its ideals.     

The Mitsch order on a semigroup

Communicated by N. R. Reilly     

Endomorphisms of finite full transformation semigroups

We describe all endomorphisms of finite full transformation semigroups and count their number.

     

Every finite semigroup is embeddable in a finite relatively free semigroup

The title result is proved by a Murskii-type embedding.Results on some related questions are also obtained. For instance, it is shown that every finitely generated semigroup satisfying an identity ξ^d=ξ^2d is embeddable in a relatively free semigroup satisfying such an identity, generally with a larger d; but that an uncountable semigroup may satisfy such an identity without being embeddable in any relatively free semigroup.It follows from known results that every finite group is embeddable in a finite relatively free group. It is deduced from this and the proof of the title result that a finite monoid S is embeddable by a monoid homomorphism in a finite (or arbitrary) relatively free monoid if and only if its group of invertible elements is either {e} or all of S.     

Some remarks on finite full transformation semigroups

Communicated by J. M. Howie     

Products of idempotents in finite full transformation semigroups

Communicated by J. M. Howie     

The minimal number of generators of a finite semigroup

The rank of a finite semigroup is the smallest number of elements required to generate the semigroup. A formula is given for the rank of an arbitrary (not necessarily regular) Rees matrix semigroup over a group. The formula is expressed in terms of the dimensions of the structure matrix, and the relative rank of a certain subset of the structure group obtained from subgroups generated by entries in the structure matrix, which is assumed to be in Graham normal form. This formula is then applied to answer questions about minimal generating sets of certain natural families of transformation semigroups. In particular, the problem of determining the maximum rank of a subsemigroup of the full transformation monoid (and of the symmetric inverse semigroup) is considered.     

The partially ordered set of allJ-classes of a finite semigroup

We answer in the affirmative a question in Research Problem 24, posed by J. Rhodes in Semigroup Forum, Volume 5, namely: is any finite partially ordered set with a least element the partially ordered set ofJ-classes of some finite semigroup?     

Burnside algebra of a finite inverse semigroup

The Burnside algebra for a finite inverse semigroup over a field is considered (the analog of the Grothendieck algebra). The conditions for the algebra to be Frobenius are investigated. It is shown that, if all the subgroups in the semigroup are commutative, then its Burnside algebra is Frobenius if and only if the order of any maximal subgroup is not divisible by the square of the field characteristic.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 46, pp. 41–52, 1974.     

Powers of subsets in a finite semigroup

Communicated by Boris M. Schein     

The large rank of a finite semigroup using prime subsets

The large rank of a finite semigroup \(\Gamma \) , denoted by \(r_5(\Gamma )\) , is the least number \(n\) such that every subset of \(\Gamma \) with \(n\) elements generates \(\Gamma \) . Howie and Ribeiro showed that \(r_5(\Gamma ) = |V| + 1\) , where \(V\) is a largest proper subsemigroup of \(\Gamma \) . This work considers the complementary concept of subsemigroups, called prime subsets, and gives an alternative approach to find the large rank of a finite semigroup. In this connection, the paper provides a shorter proof of Howie and Ribeiro’s result about the large rank of Brandt semigroups. Further, this work obtains the large rank of the semigroup of order-preserving singular selfmaps.     

Structure of a Munn semigroup of finite rank every stable order of which is fundamental or antifundamental

We describe the structure of a Munn semigroup of finite rank every stable order of which is fundamental or antifundamental. Translated from Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 52–60, January, 2009.