Analysis of brake squeal noise using the finite element method: A parametric study

Brake squeal noise has been under investigation by automotive manufacturers for decades due to consistent customer complaints and high warranty costs. J.D. Power surveys consistently show brake noise as being one of the most critical vehicle quality measurements. Furthermore, the development of methods to predict noise occurrence during the design of a brake system has been the target of many researchers in recent years.This paper summarizes the application of complex eigenvalue analysis in a finite element model of a commercial brake system. The effect of the operational parameters (friction coefficient, braking pressure and brake temperature) and wear on the dynamic stability of the brake system is examined. After identifying unstable frequencies and the behavior of the brake system under different conditions, the performance of some control methods are tested. Changes in material properties and the application of brake noise insulators are presented and their effects discussed.The results show that the effect of brake temperature changes the coupling mechanisms between rotor and pad, which in some cases can be useful in order to reduce the instabilities and generated noise. Wear is an operational condition that has an strong effect on the system instability, since stiffness properties of brake pads are influenced by the changes on geometry and on the friction material, leading to high-frequency noise generation when the system is in the end of its lifetime. Application of brake insulators requires a detailed investigation of the system since, for some cases, an increase on the system damping does not balance changes on stiffness, leading the system to instability and noise.     

Spatial and temporal thermal analysis of acousto-optic deflectors using finite element analysis model

Thermal effects greatly influence the optical properties of the acousto-optic deflectors (AODs). Thermal analysis plays an important role in modern AOD design. However, the lack of an effective method of analysis limits the prediction in the thermal performance. In this paper, we propose a finite element analysis model to analyze the thermal effects of a TeO₂-based AOD. Both transducer heating and acoustic absorption are considered as thermal sources. The anisotropy of sound propagation is taken into account for determining the acoustic absorption. Based on this model, a transient thermal analysis is employed using ANSYS software. The spatial temperature distributions in the crystal and the temperature changes over time are acquired. The simulation results are validated by experimental results. The effect of heat source and heat convection on temperature distribution is discussed. This numerical model and analytical method of thermal analysis would be helpful in the thermal design and practical applications of AODs.     

Development of a finite element model for coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer in participating media

Considering the geometrical applicability, a finite element model (FEM) for coupled radiative-conductive heat transfer has been developed which is applicable to enclosures of arbitrary geometry in present research. The present work provides a solution of coupled heat transfer in a rectangular, cylindrical or annulus enclosure with black or gray walls containing an absorbing-emitting-scattering medium. It is also applied to study the influence of conductive/radiation coefficient, albedo and wall emissivity on the temperature distribution in the medium. Compared with the results available in other references, the present FEM has no limitation with respect to geometry and can predict the coupled radiative-conductive heat transfer in participating media accurately.     

干式变压器有限元仿真模型的电磁和振动分析

随着电力需求的逐年增长,干式变压器的数量也在不断增加。干式变压器在运行时存在着振动和噪声的问题,为了对干式变压器振动的规律与特点进行研究,本文建立了干式变压器本体振动的有限元仿真模型,通过电磁分析获得相应的磁场分布,然后利用结构动力学分析得到其本体振动的相关规律。通过对处于运行状态的变压器振动数据进行实测分析,得到变压器振动的特征频率,然后对仿真结果进行对比分析,可以发现振动幅度与频率之间存在的关系。本文的研究结果可对干式变压器的减振降噪研究提供参考。     

Finite element reduced order model for noise and vibration reduction of double sandwich panels using shunted piezoelectric patches

This work concerns the control of sound transmission through double laminated panels with viscoelastic core using semi-passive piezoelectric shunt technique. More specifically, the system consists of two laminated walls, each one composed of three layers and called sandwich panel with an air cavity in between. The external sandwich panel has a surface-mounted piezoelectric patches. The piezoelectric elements, connected with resonant shunt circuits, are used for the vibration damping of some specific resonance frequencies of the coupled system. Firstly, a finite element formulation of the fully coupled visco-electro-mechanical-acoustic system is presented. This formulation takes into account the frequency dependence of the viscoelastic material. A modal reduction approach is then proposed to solve the problem at a lower cost. In the proposed technique, the coupled system is solved by projecting the mechanical displacement unknown on a truncated basis composed by the first real short-circuit structural normal modes and the pressure unknown on a truncated basis composed by the first acoustic modes with rigid boundaries conditions. The few initial electrical unknowns are kept in the reduced system. A static correction is also introduced in order to take into account the effect of higher modes. Various results are presented in order to validate and illustrate the efficiency of the proposed finite element reduced order formulation.     

Optimal design and lifetime calculation of the belt chamber by finite element method

Abstract

A mixed numerical-analytical method for an optimal strength design is presented. Optimal number n of components and optimal radii r_j are calculated for an equivalent cylindrical model of the compound vessel. An iterative numerical method is proposed for evaluation of optimal overlaps Δr_j. A finite element method (FEM) elastic-plastic program has been developed to estimate the vessel lifetime.     

Thermal and mechanical finite element modeling of laser-generated ultrasound in coating–substrate system

Thermal and mechanical finite element modeling of laser-generated ultrasound in coating–substrate system is presented, which entails a numerical formulation for the transient responses in terms of the characteristics of the source that originated the waves in the thermoelastic regime. The formulation takes into account the temperature dependence of the material parameters and thermal diffusion from the source. Numerical results show that the temperature gradient field is equivalent to the body force source, namely, vertical forces propagate downward and horizontal forces outward in the specimen. Waveforms at the epicenter present fast oscillations immediately after the precursor, which are produced by multiple reflections of the longitudinal in the coating, the thickness of the coating has remarkable influence on the waveforms at the epicenter.     

柔性铰链的有限元法设计与分析

大变形、小应力、小中心漂移的柔性铰链的研制一直是柔性铰链研究的难题。本文在参考国外某款柔性铰链的基础上,利用V型结构设计、叠加理论和对称布置方法设计了一种新型的柔性铰链。针对这种柔性铰链的设计进行了概念性研究,建立了铰链的数学模型,研究了这种新型柔性铰链的性能。有限元方法分析表明,该设计方法增加了铰链柔性部分的长度,降低了它的中心漂移和最大应力,得到其最大转角约为16°,最大中心漂移为3.557μm,最大应力为499.8 MPa,满足了最初的设计指标要求。结果证明该铰链具有一定的实用价值。     

柔性铰链的有限元法设计与分析

大变形、小应力、小中心漂移的柔性铰链的研制一直是柔性铰链研究的难题。本文在参考国外某款柔性铰链的基础上,利用V型结构设计、叠加理论和对称布置方法设计了一种新型的柔性铰链。针对这种柔性铰链的设计进行了概念性研究,建立了铰链的数学模型,研究了这种新型柔性铰链的性能。有限元方法分析表明,该设计方法增加了铰链柔性部分的长度,降低了它的中心漂移和最大应力,得到其最大转角约为16°,最大中心漂移为3.557μm,最大应力为499.8 MPa,满足了最初的设计指标要求。结果证明该铰链具有一定的实用价值。     

Determination of propagation constants in a Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguide by using finite element and variational methods

The finite element and variational methods are used to determine the propagation constants in a titanium indiffused lithium niobate waveguide with the reconstructed refractive index profile (in depth) from the near field measurements. A subsequent second diffusion of magnesium affects the shape of the calculated electric field and we have defined an effective depth of the profile.