Af-Ag型自由基加聚反应的固化理论--Ⅱ. 网络结构参数的表征

应用高分子统计方法,计算了Af-Ag型自由基聚合反应体系的弹性有效链数、弹性有效链节数、平均弹性有效链长和悬吊链数、悬吊链节数、平均悬吊链长,以及体系的有效交联点数和弹性模量,进而给出弹性有效链的数量和重量分数的表示式.     

AA_g型自由基加聚反应的固化理论——Ⅱ网络结构参数的表征

应用高分子统计方法 ,计算了Af Ag 型自由基聚合反应体系的弹性有效链数、弹性有效链节数、平均弹性有效链长和悬吊链数、悬吊链节数、平均悬吊链长 ,以及体系的有效交联点数和弹性模量 ,进而给出弹性有效链的数量和重量分数的表示式 .     

Af型自由基均聚反应的固化理论(Ⅱ)——凝胶网络的结构参数

用高分子反应统计理论,给出A_f型自由基均聚反应在不同反应程度时的弹性有效链及悬吊链的链数、链节数和平均链长,也得到了体系的有效交联点数和弹性模量,进而给出弹性有效链的数量和重量分数,以此可进一步揭示该反应体系凝胶网络的粘弹性及相关的力学性质.     

Af型自由基均聚反应的固化理论（Ⅱ）：凝胶网络的结构参数

用高分子反应统计理论，给出Ａｆ型自由基均聚反应在不同反应程度时的弹性有效链及悬吊链的链数，链节数和平均链长，也得到了体系的有效交联点数和弹性模量，进而给出弹性有效链的数量和重量分数，以此可进一步揭示该反应体系凝胶网络的粘弹性及相关的力学性质。     

高分子链空间构象分布的复杂性——条件下能量与尺寸的分布

通过高分子链的模型的计算来研究高分子链构象的尺寸与能量的分布。结果表明，高分子的链构象在小尺寸范布居数增多；高分子的链构象在小尺寸范围存在比较稳定的链构象状态；在小尺寸范围比较稳定的链构象多具有类似棒状等非球形结构；高分子的链构象的尺寸与能量的分布显示熵弹性具有不对称性。     

高分子链空间构象分布的复杂性——Θ条件下能量与尺寸的分布

通过高分子链的模型的计算来研究高分子链构象的尺寸与能量的分布．结果表明，高分子的链构象在小尺寸范围布居数增多；高分子的链构象在小尺寸范围存在比较稳定的链构象状态；在小尺寸范围比较稳定的链构象多具有类似棒状等非球形结构；高分子的链构象的尺寸与能量的分布显示熵弹性具有不对称性．     

关于A_（a_i）－B_（b_j）型缩聚物网络结构的研究 Ⅱ．网络结构参数的计算

利用作者在文［７］中得到的溶胶凝胶分配方程推导了Ａａｉ－Ｂｂｊ型缩聚物有效交联点，有效弹性链和悬吊链及相应平均链长的计算公式．由有效弹性链密度推算的丁羟聚氨酯平衡态弹性模量和实验结果有着相同的变化趋势，但有一系统偏差．初步探讨了损耗模量与悬吊链节分数间的定量关系．     

交联高分子的溶胶凝胶分配问题

关于交联高分子的溶胶凝胶分配的理论计算,首先由Flory作出。他在研究A_3型缩聚反应时,发现分布公式只在凝胶点以前满足总链段数守恒的条件;而在凝胶点以后,由分布公式计算的链段数恒小于总链段数。他认为这是由于有一部分链段变成了凝胶,而由分布公式计算的链段数为溶胶链段数。由于计算上的困难,Flory处理过A_3及A_a型反应(其中a为任意正整数);在这些计算中,他利用了分布函数的极值性质,避免了无穷级数和的直接计算。后来Flory又采用纯几率方法,讨论了起始为任意分布的交联反     

聚乙烯型尾形链构象统计的Monte Carlo研究

以聚乙烯型尾形链为例 ,根据链的实际键长、键角和Θ条件下每一链段处于不同旋转异构态的条件概率 ,用MonteCarlo模拟方法生成样本链分子 ,计算了尾形链的均方末端矩及其分量、构象数 ,并与完全计算法及理论推导值作了比较 ,讨论了尾形链构象数和沿边界方向及法线方向均方末端矩分量随链段数n及键角Φ的变化 .     

金属主链高分子的量子化学计算

金属主链高分子是一类完全以金属原子作为主链的新材料,在光电、传感、电化学储能等领域都具有重要的应用前景.但是,如何获得具有较高分子量的金属主链高分子,仍然是一个挑战.本文通过密度泛函理论计算方法,对镍金属主链高分子进行了结构优化和稳定性分析,发现随着聚合物分子量的增加,镍金属主链高分子的单点能逐渐降低,说明高分子量的金属主链高分子具有稳定的分子构型.但是,随着分子量的进一步提高,计算量显著增加,密度泛函理论计算方法收敛困难.为此,本文进一步通过Hartree-Fock计算方法对该系列镍金属主链高分子进行了分子构型优化,得到了与密度泛函理论计算结果相似的规律,并且发现当分子量超过1×10⁴时,金属主链高分子仍然具有较高的结构稳定性.此外,这种电子离域在整个金属主链上的独特金属-金属的相互作用有利于实现电荷的高效传输;以金属原子为重复单元的分子结构,有望实现金属和高分子材料性能的有效结合,可以获得较高的热失重温度和熵弹性.     

Curing theory of A_f-A_g type free radical polymerization (Ⅱ)——Characterization of network structural parameters

By means of the polymer statistical theory, the A_f-A_g type nonlinear free radical polymerization is investigated to give the number of effective elastic chains, the number of effective elastic mers and the average length for the elastic chains. The corresponding quantities for the dangling chains, the number of effective cross-linkage and the modulus are also obtained. Furthermore, the number- and weight-fractions of elastic chains are deduced.     

Curing theory of A f -A g type free radical polymerization (II)

By means of the polymer statistical thrury. the A _f -A _g type nonlinear free radical polymerization is investigated to give the number of effective elastic chains, the number of effective elastic mers and the average length for the elastic chains. The corresponding quantities for the dangling chains, the number of effective cross-linkage and the mod-ulus are also obtained. Furthrrmore, the nurnber- and weight-fractions of elastic chains are deduced. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 29673018), the Ph. D. funds of the State Education Commission of China.     

Elastic behavior of simple model networks

The elastic behaviors of simple networks consisting of but a few chains have been calculated on the basis of the James and Guth theory of elasticity. The calculations show that the number of elastically effective chains in a network is less than the actual number of network chains, and that the total number of chain backbone links distribute themselves equally (approximately) among the effective chains. It is also demonstrated that a chain molecular weight distribution could be of consequence in non-Gaussian elasticity. Extrapolation of the findings to a macroscopic network suggests that the number of effective chains is one half the number of network chains, and that each effective chain behaves as if it contained twice as many of backbone links as a network chain.     

Elastic behavior of comb-like polymer chains

<正>Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations of comb-like polymer chains with various backbone lengths N_b,arm lengths N_a and arm densities m are carried out to study the elastic behavior of comb-like polymer chains.The radius of gyration,the shape factors and bond length in different cases during elastic process are calculated,and it is found that the comb-like polymer molecules with longer backbone or shorter arm are more close to linear chains.But the arm density m affects the chain conformation non-monotonously.Some thermodynamic properties are also studied.Average Helmholtz free energy and elastic force f all increase with elongation ratioλfor all chains.     

类蛋白质分子的二级结构对力学行为的影响

采用Kolinski等建立的类蛋白质分子的格点模型,研究了由典型的(HHPPHPP)x重复单元构成、含有α螺旋结构的类蛋白质分子链在拉伸过程中的构象性质和力学行为.发现不同强度的α螺旋相互作用会直接影响其拉伸过程.α螺旋相互作用强的类蛋白质分子链,具有更低的内能,更小的应力,在拉伸过程中更容易失去紧密接触对,同时也更容易被拉成“棒状”结构,但在整个拉伸过程中,α螺旋结构且能保持稳定;还发现类蛋白质分子的链长对拉伸也有影响,对较长的类蛋白质分子链,其内能更低,弹性力更小,自由能更大,紧密接触对的含量比例也更高,而“棒状化”程度较小.这些研究能够帮助我们加深对蛋白质分子的构象和弹性力学行为的理解.     

Stretching of a semiflexible chain composed of elastic bonds

We study the extension of semiflexible (persistent) polymer chains composed of elastic bonds under the action of forces applied to their ends. For a given discrete model of a chain, the effective potential energy includes three components: the energy of bonds in the external dipole field, the energy of elastic deformation of bonds, and the energy of bending, which depends on the angles between neighboring bonds. The extension/contraction modulus of bonds is high but finite. To calculate the relative extension and its variance, the variational method for finding the maximum eigenvalue of the transfer operator in the space of orientations of bonds is used. For chains composed of more than ten bonds, the results appear to approach the data of simulation of chain extension by the collisional molecular dynamics method. Two proposed extensionforce dependences are compared with the computer experiment, and this comparison makes it possible to define the limits of their applicability.     

Collapse‐expansion transition of elastic shell induced by grafted polymer chains

A coarse‐grained model for an elastic shell grafted with polymer chains is investigated by molecular dynamics methods. With increasing the number of grafted polymer chains (GPCs), it is found that the conformation of the shell undergoes from expansion to collapse and back to the expansion. By varying the density of the GPCs, the phase transition of the elastic shell can be successfully controlled at moderate bending energy of the shell and at moderate binding energy between the shell and GPCs. Furthermore, the self‐assembly structures of the GPCs are also affected by the elastic shell in certain conditions. In the case of a few GPCs on the shell, the chains tend to be adsorbed on the shell surface unfolded at high value of bending energy. However, when the bending energy is small, the chains can be folded several times easily. This may be an important step toward a deeper understanding of how to control the microstructure in the production of biocomposites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012     

The effect of methyl group on the mechanical properties of hydrophobic association hydrogel

Hydrophobic association hydrogels were fabricated via micellar copolymerization of acrylamide and hydrophobic monomers lauryl (meth)acrylate (LA or LMA) in an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The effect of methyl groups of hydrophobic monomers on the crosslinking network structure and mechanical behavior of the gels was investigated on the basis of rubber elastic theory. It was found that the LMA-gel exhibited higher effective crosslink density and elastic modulus. The methyl groups of hydrophobic monomers limited the flexibility of the methacrylate backbone in the association domain, which resulted in the increment of chains constraints. With the increase of stretch rate, the dissipated energy of LMA-gel increased more highly than that of LA-gel. In addition, the methyl group hindered the movement of polymer chains, leading to the lower recovery efficiency of dissipated energy for LMA-gel. In contract, the LA-gel exhibited a rapid response to external force, and possessed better elasticity and self-recovery property. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56, 1505–1512