Taleyarkhan等人是否测到了热核中子

对声致发光这一尚不清楚的非平衡态复杂过程，以平衡态近似作为上限，通过对Taleyarkhan等人实验数据的分析和氘氘聚变反应的反应率的计算，指出Taleyarkhan等人实验中测得的中子不是热核中子，今后实验中如能测到大于－10^8n/s的有效中子产生率才能显示“气泡核聚变”的反应温度达到了10^6-10^7K。     

中子的发现

文章回顾了中子发现以前关于中子存在的假说，科学家们因无“目的”探索而错失良机；介绍了查德威克发现中子的过程以及这一伟大发现的深远意义．     

中子单色化新方法

提出了中子单色化的新想法，并从理论上给出了具体的处理方法．以石墨、硅及锗为例演示了新方法的应用，并得到满意结果．将新方法与三组双晶法作了比较，二者效果相差无几，但是新方法简单易行且节省费用 关键词：     

缅怀中子谱仪的先驱布罗克豪斯

中子谱仪的发明人、1994年度诺贝尔物理奖获得者Bertram Brockhouse于2003年10月13日去逝，享年85岁．     

脉冲中子探测系统的中子灵敏度能量响应

为了获得脉冲中子探测系统的中子灵敏度能量响应，编制了适合裂变中子测量探测系统灵敏度能响的一系列专用程序，研究了相应的实验标定技术，采用理论计算和实验验证相结合的方法，对几套探测系统中子灵敏度能量响应进行了研究，初步解决了标定需要的“单能、脉冲、高强度、多个不同能量的中子源”问题，使不确定度大大提高，满足了测量的要求。     

中子相衬层析成像方法

介绍了中子相衬和中子层析的工作原理，提出了中子相衬层析成像方法.这种方法兼备了相衬和层析的各自优点，不采用干涉术，能高分辨率地重构待测样品的三维空间位相分布，能测试和分辨吸收系数非常相近样品的空间结构. 关键词： 相衬 层析 中子相衬 中子层析     

高效率BF3正比探测器阵列探测中子技术

针对中子产额范围宽、下限低，研制4个具有高中子探测效率的正比探测器，由置于慢化体内的BF3正比计数管阵列和电压前置放大器组成。每个探测器内共包括12支BF3正比计数管，并根据不同的数目分为两组。在图l所示的实验中，利用这种多管的正比探测器，可以对产额变化范围宽、下限低的不同脉冲中子源产额进行测量。     

钒球介质内中子能谱和伴生γ能谱测量

因钒具有在D—T中子照射下低活性的特点。同时其（n，2n）中子增殖大于（n，X）反应引起的吸收。所以钒是聚变堆第一壁及结构材料使用的主要竞争者。开展过钒的14MeV中子泄漏能谱测量，而有关钒介质内中子能谱及伴生γ能谱的实验数据国内未见报道，因此有必要开展这方面的工作。     

聚乙烯和铝组合壳体的反照中子测量

在聚乙烯和铝组合壳体上测量反照中子，检验数值模拟计算方法和程序。建立了3种组合装置，即等厚聚乙烯壳和铝壳组合，不等厚聚乙烯壳和铝壳组合，铝壳。D-T聚变中子由K-400中子发生器产生。中子屏蔽体由铁和含氢慢化吸收体组成。采用铀核裂变法测量反照中子。中子探测器为小型平板贫化铀和浓缩铀裂变室。探测器放在屏蔽体后面的铁球壳水平赤道方向上的不同测点上测量。贫化铀中的^235U同位素采用迭代方法扣除。实验大厅的散射中子本底采用实验屏蔽法和数值模拟计算结合的方法扣除。     

D-T中子^181Ta（n，2n）^180Ta^m反应截面的测量

Ta是裂变和聚变反应堆的重要结构材料。它具有高熔点和高中子倍增率等优点。^181Ta（n，2n）^180Ta^m付反应在监测En=9～20MeV中子能谱方面具有非常大的优越性，因为它有很大的反应截面，适合测量的半衰期和平滑的激发曲线，因此对^181Ta（n，2n）^180Ta^m反应截面的准确测量有重要的应用价值。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.