化学反应速率与平衡实验中碘的回收

In this paper, the recovery of iodine effluent in chemical reaction rate and equilibrium experiment was studied. From the analysis, it could be found that the presence of iodine in the wastewater was relatively simple after three months and there was no I^-. A sublimation method could be chosen directly to recycle the iodine after the pretreatment of the wastewater. The recycling method had simple steps and was easy to operate. It involved less equipment, is low cost, and more environmental friendly. The recovery rate of the obtained iodine element was 96.1% and the purity reached 98.9%. It can be used as a teaching experiment or interest experiment to promote applications.     

无机化学中的水解反应

在无机化学领域中,水解反应早已为人熟知,但很少被系统讨论。本文将无机化学中的水解反应进行汇总并分类:水溶液中的水解反应,固态物质加热时的水解反应和水解缩合反应。本文介绍了水溶液中水解反应的水解机理、水解反应及水解反应产物在生产、生活中的应用。     

碘与人体健康

碘对健康有重要影响，碘缺乏病是全球普遍存在的地方病，已构成了严重的公共卫生问题。本文对碘与人体健康的关系进行了综述，包括：碘的性质与存在、碘在医学上的应用、碘缺乏与碘过量产生的后果及原因以及碘异常的防治。     

碳酸饮料与人体健康——电离、水解平衡复习课的情境创设

利用学生生活中常饮碳酸饮料后的相关现象为教学情境, 设计出基于观念教学的电离、水解平衡的复习课案例, 实现生活情境真实化, 提高化学教学的实效性。     

Alternative Strategies with Iodine: Fast Access to Previously Inaccessible Iodine(III) Compounds

Non‐iodinated arenes can be easily and selectively converted into (diacetoxyiodo)arenes in a single step under mild conditions by using iodine triacetates as reagents. The oxidative step is decoupled from the synthesis of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents, which can now be prepared conveniently in a one‐pot synthesis for subsequent reactions without prior purification. The chemistry of iodine triacetates was also expanded to heteroatom ligand exchanges to form novel inorganic hypervalent iodine compounds.     

碘从环境向人类食物链的迁移

综述了碘从环境向人类食物链的迁移，包括：碘在环境中的行为，在土壤-植物-人类系统中的迁移，碘在土壤中的化学形态及在自然界的循环，碘对动植物生长发育的影响，重点介绍了碘对人体的生理作用及对人类健康的的影响，最后对调控人体碘的水平提出了建议和对策。     

微波辅助水解反应的研究进展

相比于传统的加热方式,微波加热最大的优点是缩短了反应时间,提高了反应收率和选择性.本文简介了微波加热的特点、原理和促进反应的机理.重点总结了微波加热在有机水解反应中的研究进展,并展望了微波的工业化前景.     

科学补碘:消除碘缺乏病的成败关键

碘对甲状腺功能具有双向作用,在消除碘缺乏病的同时,切不可忽略全民食盐加碘后高碘甲状腺病的防治。分别从水碘和尿碘两个方面论述了碘与甲状腺病之间的双向关系,并根据流行病学调查数据和全国碘缺乏病监测数据确定了盐碘与尿碘之间的数学关系,计算了食盐碘含量的最适宜范围,提出了下调食盐碘含量、设计区域化碘盐和补碘个性化的科学补碘新策略。     

催化动力学方法对智力碘口嚼片中总碘测定的研究

研究了采用动力学催化光度法微机测碘仪，结合ＨＸ－１型精密恒温消解仪，处理并测定智力碘口嚼片中总碘的方法。消解仪可同时处理６０个样品，消化时间６０ｍｉｎ，消化温度１３０℃。智力碘口嚼片测定均值为１９３．２×１０－６时的标准误差为２．５９，变异系数为１．３４％，回收率为９６．４％，检测限为０．２μｇ／Ｌ。     

碘盐的质量及如何补碘

食用加碘盐是补碘最为简单和广泛的方法,报道了广州市近几年来市售碘盐的质量情况,并进行了模拟烹调过程碘盐中碘损失的试验。以提高人们对补磺重要性的认识。介绍正确使用碘盐碘的方法。     

Hydrolysis of Sucrose by Heterogeneous Catalysts

A kinetic study of the hydrolysis of sucrose by solid catalysts has been carried out using a polarimetric technique. V₂O₅/-Al₂O₃ was selected as appropriate catalyst. At the optimum conditions the activation parameters have been evaluated using the Arrhenius and Eyring plots.     

Hydrolysis of Sucrose by Heterogeneous Catalysis

Abstract

The reaction kinetics of the hydrolysis of sucrose by solid catalysts was investigated using polarimetry. Silica included heteropoly acid was used as a catalyst. At the optimizing conditions the activation parameters have been evaluated using the Arrhenius and Eyring plots.     

Hydrolysis Behaviour of Some Heterocyclic Nitrogen Azomethines

Kinetics of base hydrolysis of some new heterocyclic azomethines derived from aminotriazol and aromatic aldehydes were investigated in the presence of NaOH in 60% (wt/wt) water-ethanol medium. The base hydrolysis of these Schiff bases is strictly first-order with respect to OH^? and Schiff. The rate-determining step is suggested to be the attack of the hydroxide ion on the free base. Effect of the molecular structure of both aldehydes and amines and the nature of organic hydroxylic solvent on the hydrolysis rate was investigated and discussed.     

碘标准溶液配制方法改进

提出了直接法配制碘标准溶液。首先在强碱性环境下完成碘的歧化,然后以碘化钾作助溶剂,强酸环境下实现反歧化,再静置36 h,即可得到碘标准溶液。进行了硫代硫酸钠标定实验和维生素C测定实验,探讨了碘溶液浓度的稳定性。结果表明,直接法配制的碘标准溶液,准确度高,保存时间长,标定误差小于0.1%;样品分析偏差小于0.2%。     

Laser-Induced Addition Reactions of Iodine with Acetylene

Laser-induced addition reactions of iodine with acetylene at 5145 and 4880 Å excitation wavelengths are studied, while trans-1,2-diiodoethylene is identified as the exclusive reaction product. A sequential addition reaction mechanism initiated by iodine atoms from the direct photodissociation process or collisional induced dissociation can be inferred.     

扁桃甙水解和极谱行为的研究

通过测定产物间接测定扁桃甙,如用酶修饰电极测定产物氢氰酸和葡萄糖,其检测限均在10~(-5) mol/L。本文首次采用卷积伏安法研究了扁桃甙的水解以及产物苯甲醛的极谱行为,提高了扁桃甙的检测限。 1 仪器与试剂 XJP-821型新极谱仪(长春应用化学研究所、江苏电分析仪器厂),三电极体系,LZ3-100     

对环境地球化学异常与碘缺乏病关系的探讨

根据生态环境地质调查的大量数据和相关地区碘缺乏病现状,从环境地质的角度,探讨了岩土水碘的化学异常与碘缺乏病的相关性,并提出了有关防治措施。     

临界溶剂化作用对水解反应动力学的影响

用过渡态及Kirkwood介电模型考察近临界水中醋酸甲酯(MeAc)水解动力学.实验结果表明,临界溶剂化作用使本体系在623K附近出现反应活化体积(ΔV^≠)极负值现象,同时反应表观活化能降低至(23.5±8.29)kJ/mol.利用lnkc与反应场的线性关系可修正压力因素对水解动力学的影响,并证实了近临界水介质中MeAc水解S_N2反应机理的可靠性.     

缺碘区居民膳食结构及营养素摄入量对尿碘水平的影响

通过抽样调查,了解重庆市环境缺碘地区居民的饮食习惯,分析了膳食因素对人群尿碘水平的影响,为制订地方性碘缺乏病综合防治措施提供依据.采用24 h膳食回顾法,对重庆市两县居民的膳食摄人情况进行现况调查,比较各营养素摄入量.结果表明,两地膳食结构属于东方膳食模式,璧山县各营养素摄入量高于云阳县.结论:蛋白质、能量、维生素等缺...     

The Selection of the Optimal Impregnation Conditions of Vegetable Matrices with Iodine

This study aimed to determine the use of selected vegetables (pumpkin, cauliflower, broccoli, carrot) as carriers of potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO₃) by determining changes in iodine content under various conditions of impregnation as the degree of hydration, impregnated sample temperature, and impregnation time. The influence of these conditions on iodine contents in vegetables after their fortification and storage (21 °C/230 days) was analyzed. The results showed that all selected vegetables could be efficient iodine carriers. However, the conditions of the impregnation process are crucial for fortification efficiency, particularly the degree of hydration and the temperature of the impregnated samples before drying. The results showed that the lowest iodine content was in samples fortified at 4 °C and 1:4 hydration. On the other hand, the highest reproducibility of iodine was for the following fortification conditions: temperature of −76 °C and hydration of 1:1. The studies confirmed the higher stability of iodine in KIO₃ form compared to KI. To increase recovery of the introduced iodine in the product after drying, using the conditioning step at 4 °C is not recommended. We recommend freezing vegetables immediately after the impregnation process