聚(丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠/N,N-二辛基丙烯酰胺)与表面活性剂的相互作用

利用粘度法研究了孪尾疏水缔合水溶性聚(丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠/N,N-二辛基丙烯酰胺)[P(AM/NaAA/D iC8AM)]与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)的相互作用。研究表明SDS、CTAB的加入,能显著地降低P(AM/NaAA/D iC8AM)水溶液的临界缔合浓度。表明P(AM/NaAA/D iC8AM)与SDS、CTAB的疏水缔合作用较强,而与OP-10的疏水缔合作用较弱。     

荧光探针法研究疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺溶液的疏水缔合行为

采用胶束共聚 共水解方法合成疏水改性水溶性聚合物聚(丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠/N 辛基丙烯酰胺)[P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)],并以芘为荧光探针,应用稳态荧光光谱法研究了它的疏水缔合行为。结果表明,随聚合物浓度、疏水单体摩尔分数、疏水侧链长和温度的增加,疏水缔合作用增强;不同疏水单体含量的P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的临界缔合浓度为1.5~3.0 g/L;表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)发生了强烈的疏水相互作用,形成混合胶束,得到SDS的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为8×10-3 mol/L;由于聚合物链上羧基的存在,使其具有良好的 pH敏感性,随 pH值的增大,P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的疏水缔合作用呈现先减弱后恒定再增强的变化。     

AMPS/DMAM/FA/AM共聚物的合成及溶液性能研究

本文采用氧化还原引发体系合成了AMPS（2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸钠）／DMAA（N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺）／FA（富马酸）／AM（丙烯酰胺）共聚物,研究了共聚物的水溶液性能。结果表明,随聚合物浓度的增加,溶液表观粘度急剧增加;无机盐的加入使聚合物溶液的粘度下降,但很快稳定;随老化温度的提高,聚合物溶液的粘度有所增加;共聚物试样在盐水中表现出随剪切速率的增加,表观粘度增加。     

疏水缔合水溶性聚合物P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)的合成与性能

以双烯丙基胺和1-溴代十六烷为原料合成了疏水单体N,N-双烯丙基十六胺,采取前加碱二元胶束共聚-后水解法合成了三元疏水缔合水溶性聚合物聚(丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠/N,N-双烯丙基十六胺)[P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)],用FTIR、1H-NMR进行了结构表征;以芘为荧光探针,利用稳态荧光光谱法、粘度法研究了P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)在水溶液的缔合行为.当x(DiAC16)=0.10～0.40 %时,在30℃、1mol·L-1NaCl溶液中,其Huggins常数KH小于0.80(144～0.294),表明稀溶液中缔合作用较弱.随聚合物浓度、疏水单体用量的增加,P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)在二次蒸馏水中、1.000 mol·L-1 NaCl水溶液中,I1/I3值减少;在矿化度为19 334 μg/g盐水溶液中,水溶液的表观粘度增加、临界缔合浓度降低.结果表明,P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)缔合行为取决于聚合物浓度、疏水单体用量及介质的极性.     

新型疏水缔合聚合物P(AM/POEA)与表面活性剂的相互作用

采用粘度法、荧光探针和透射电镜研究了新型疏水缔合聚合物P(AM/POEA)和表面活性剂SDS和CTAB在水溶液中的相互作用. 聚合物P(AM/POEA)结构中, 疏水体(2-苯氧乙基丙烯酸酯)呈嵌段状无序地分布在聚丙烯酰胺主链上. 这类聚合物很容易和表面活性剂相互作用, 通过疏水缔合, 形成混合胶束状聚集体, 导致溶液粘度剧增. 随聚合物溶液中SDS的加入, 溶液粘度发生大幅度起伏变化, 出现最大值. 粘度最大值对应的表面活性剂浓度c_S,max位于表面活性剂CMC附近, 并发现它的位置不随聚合物微结构而变化. 然而它们缔合作用的增粘程度却与聚合物疏水体含量X_H及疏水嵌段尺寸N_H有关. 在实验浓度范围内, X_H和N_H愈大, 溶液的粘度越高. 此外用透射电镜直接观察到聚合物/表面活性剂体系中聚集体的交联结构形貌.     

疏水缔合水溶性聚合物AO的溶液粘度行为研究

研究了稀溶液中疏水链链长、无机电解质NaCl和CaCl2对疏水缔合水溶性丙烯酰胺／甲基丙烯酰氨乙基-二甲基烷基溴化铵／丙烯酸钠共聚物(AO)在水溶液中的特性粘数和Huggins常数的影响，以及聚合物AO-8的特性粘数和Huggins常数随温度的变化。结果表明：在稀溶液中，无机电解质离子强度增大，共聚物AO在NaCl和CaCl2溶液中的特性粘数减小，Huggins常数增大。在亚浓溶液范围对聚合物质量分数、温度、剪切速率及NaCl含量对聚合物的水溶液表现粘度的影响进行了研究，观察到疏水缔合聚合物盐水溶液在NaCl含量提高的情况下，出现的增粘现象。     

氟碳改性聚丙烯酰胺共聚物的溶液性质

研究了氟碳链改性的聚丙烯酰胺水溶液性质及其对盐浓度的依赖性，重点考察 了氟碳疏水组分含量、盐浓度对特性粘数的影响，以及粘度随剪切速率和温度的变 化关系。结果表明聚合物溶液的粘度随盐的引入而增大，但在两种溶液中最小值对 应的共聚单体含量一致。随温度的增加，共聚物溶液粘度依次出现了最小和最大值 。所有实验结果均归于溶液中存在的疏水和氢键两种相反作用的综合结果。     

聚丙烯酰胺稀溶液的粘度与剪切速率的关系的研究

聚丙烯酰胺稀溶液的粘度与剪切速率的关系的研究陈九顺，刘忠义，刘波，张艳红（黑龙江大学化学系，哈尔滨，１５００８０）关键词聚丙烯酰胺，部分水解聚丙烯酰胺，粘度，剪切速率水溶性高聚物聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＡＭ）和部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＨＰ）的水溶液是一种假塑性流...     

He—Ne激光诱导甲苯胺蓝增感丙烯酰胺乙二醇溶液聚合动力学

对在He-Ne激光诱导下,甲苯胺蓝(TB)-三乙醇胺(TEOA)分别在乙二醇(EG)-H_2O和EG溶液增感丙烯酰胺(AM)的聚合动力学进行了研究,TB-TEOA的光氧化还原反应受EG粘度和极性的影响,TB褪色速率随EG浓度的升高而降低.在一定粘度范围内,AM聚合适率随EG粘度的提高而明显增加;AM聚合表观活化能在EG比在水溶液要高。测定了大分子链自由基向EG分子的转移常数并确定了其在EG溶液中的表观聚合动力学方程.     

疏水缔合效应对聚丙烯酰胺类水溶液结构和流变性质的影响

以聚合物驱油为背景,研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)和缔合型部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(AHPAM)水溶液的结构与流变性质的差别.通过粘度法和静态激光光散射法得到了所分析的聚丙烯酰胺的分子量,用动态激光光散射法和粘度法分析了特定AHPAM分子缔合形态,并用流变学法测定了AHPAM在地层温度与矿化度条件下的线性粘弹性与非线性流变特性.着重讨论了临界缔合浓度的概念,研究了结构和流变性质的关系,以及分析了缔合对聚合物驱油的可能影响.实验结果表明,AHPAM水溶液在宽浓度范围存在分子缔合;一般临界缔合浓度的概念实际反映在进入亚浓溶液范围分子间缔合的效应,剪切速率约为10 s-1时,剪切粘度突降数倍,反映缔合结构在剪切场中的变化,该现象在高缠结浓度下较不明显;拉伸粘度随拉伸速率变化与HPAM定性不同,该拉伸特性反映了疏水缔合近程作用的本质.     

孪尾疏水缔合水溶性共聚物聚(丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠/N,N-二己基丙烯酰胺)/十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液的粘度行为

水溶性三元共聚物;孪尾疏水缔合水溶性共聚物聚(丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠/N;N-二己基丙烯酰胺)/十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液的粘度行为     

Rheology of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide-co-poly(acrylic acid) on addition of surfactant and variation of solution pH

Constant shear and shear dependent viscosity measurements are reported in aqueous systems of co- and terpolymers of acrylamide (AM), N-n-alkylacrylamide (C10, C12, and C14 alkyl groups), and acrylic acid (AA) with added anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The results are presented as three-dimensional plots of viscosity vs surfactant concentration and pH at constant shear rate or viscosity vs shear rate and surfactant concentration at constant pH. For terpolymers incorporating AA, a strong viscosity maximum is observed at intermediate pH values (pH 4-6) where the AA groups are partially ionized and at SDS concentrations close to the critical micelle concentration. At high pH, all AA incorporating terpolymer solutions with SDS are strongly shear thinning, but at pH 3-4 the systems of terpolymers with SDS are strongly shear thickening at low shear, followed by a shear-thinning region at high shear. These results are explained in terms of surfactant-mediated network formation with polymer coil expansion and hydrogen bonding between partially ionized AA groups as additional factors.     

一种疏水缔合水溶性聚合物的合成及其溶液性能

粘度;抗盐性;表面活性剂;一种疏水缔合水溶性聚合物的合成及其溶液性能     

离子液体中AM/AMPS/N8AM三元共聚物的合成及溶液性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为亲水单体, 以N-辛基丙烯酰胺(N8AM)为疏水单体, 在离子液体[bmim]BF4中实现了疏水缔合丙烯酰胺三元共聚物的合成.     

表面活性剂对海藻酸钠稀水溶液剪切粘度的影响

通过粘度法考察了不同pH值时, 阴离子聚电解质海藻酸钠(NaAlg)与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TritonX-100)以及它们的复配体系的相互作用. 研究表明, 在酸性条件下, SDS和TritonX-100与NaAlg之间主要是疏水作用, 随着表面活性剂浓度的增加, 体系粘度下降直到基本不变, CTAB与NaAlg主要发生静电作用和疏水作用, 体系粘度随CTAB浓度的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势. 在实验条件下, TritonX-100浓度为0.05 mmol·L-1时, SDS的加入, 使得NaAlg/TritonX-100体系的零剪切粘度下降, 而CTAB的加入, 在pH=3.0和5.0时, NaAlg/TritonX-100体系的零剪切粘度出现上升, 在pH=6.4时, 该体系零剪切粘度下降.     

Fluorocarbon-containing Hydrophobically Associating Polymers: II Synthesis and Characterization of Terpolymer of Acrylamide,Acryloyloxyethyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride and (N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfoamido) Ethyl Acrylate

Flurocarbon-modified hydrophobically associating terpolymers have been prepared via copolymerization of acrylamide (AM), acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMAEA-Q) and a small amount of flurocarbon-containing acrylate (RFA) as a hydrophobic third monomer. Three series of terpolymers (AM/DMAEA/Q molar ratio 70/30, 50/50 and 30/70 with various amounts of RFA) were synthesized and the rheological properties of terpolymer solutions were studied. A pronounced hydrophobic association between the fluorocarbon groups in the terpolymer's solutions was observed. The solutions showed pseudoplastic behavior. Evidence for hydrophobic aggregation between the fluorocarbon groups was observed from the viscosity versus concentration profile, effects of shear rate and the addition of NaCl and surfactants on the viscosity of terpolymer solutions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characterization,solution properties,and morphologies of a hydrophobically associating cationic terpolymer

The acrylamide‐based terpolymers (PADB) with 4‐butylstyrene (BST) as the hydrophobic monomer and dimethyldiallyammonium chloride (DMDAAC) were synthesized by the micellar free radical technique. The polymer was determined by UV, FT‐IR and ¹HNMR, and the hydrophobic microblock structure of PADB was characterized successfully by the conventional DSC measurement. The use of DMDAAC improves the water solubility and intermolecular association of terpolymers. The feed amount of BST affects greatly the apparent viscosity of PADB solution. The polymer exhibits good viscosification property, salt resistance, temperature‐thickening, thixotropy, pseudoplastic behavior and shear‐thickening at low shear rate. The apparent viscosities of PADB solution remarkably increase by the addition of a small amount of surfactant. AFM measurements show that hydrophobic aggregates have been formed in 0.1 g dL^?1 PADB aqueous solution, indicative of strong associations of hydrophobic groups, which are reinforced with increasing PADB concentration. The microstructures of PADB are disrupted by the addition of small amounts of salt, resulting in the decrease in solution viscosity. However, with increasing NaCl concentration, the tree‐like associating structures are formed, leading to the increase in the solution viscosity of PADB. The AFM results reveal that the solution properties of PADB are due to the associating structures in the aqueous solution and brine solution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 826–839, 2007     

Remarks on the shear viscosity of surfaces stabilised with soluble surfactants

A survey is made of previously reported values of the surface shear viscosity of sodium dodecyl sulphate solution which reveals inconsistencies. The origin of these inconsistencies is thought to be due to the fact that, because SDS is a soluble surfactant, the surface deformation rate is governed by a three-dimensional sublayer adjacent to the surface and is therefore inherently experiment-dependent. Because of this, only an apparent surface shear viscosity that is specific to a particular experiment can be measured. However, for an insoluble surfactant, an intrinsic two-dimensional surface viscosity can be clearly defined. Some methods of measuring an apparent surface shear viscosity assume that the surface shear viscosity is the only surface property that determines the drainage rate from foam or individual Plateau borders but there is experimental evidence to show that other surface properties may be significant.     

疏水缔合(丙烯酰胺十六烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵-2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)三元共聚物的合成与性能研究

疏水缔合水溶性聚合物是指在聚合物亲水性大分子链上引入少量疏水基团的一类水溶性聚合物[1～5].在水溶液中,疏水基团之间由于憎水作用而发生聚集,使大分子链产生分子内与分子之间缔合.在临界缔合浓度以上,以分子间缔合为主,增大了流体力学体积,因此,具有较好的增粘作用.疏水基的加入可大幅度地改变聚合物的流变性能.在聚合物驱油中的流度控制,提高波及效率、以及调剖中起到非常重要的作用.     

Synthesis and solution behavior of hydrophobic association water-soluble polymers containing arylalkyl group

Copolymers of acrylamide (AM) and N-arylalkylacrylamide (AAM) have been synthesized by free radical micellar copolymerization in aqueous solution utilizing sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as the surfactant and ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulfite as the redox initiator. Some factors affecting synthesis, such as the amount of AAM, SDS and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfate, are described. Solution behaviors of these polymers were studied. The results show that with the increase of AAM content, the intrinsic viscosity decreases, Huggins constant increases and the viscosification effect increase. The addition of NaCl and CaCl₂ results an increase of solution viscosity, and the addition of surfactant has a significant and complex effect to solution viscosities. The polymers exhibit good temperature tolerance property, shear-thickening and thixotropy behavior.