渗透蒸发研究的现状

本文介绍了近年来渗透蒸发膜分离技术在有机溶剂脱水、从污水中回收有机物、有机溶剂混合物分离以及在促进可塑平衡反应中的应用和发展，文章列举了在上述领域中常用的分离膜的性质及分离过程，展示了渗透蒸发的作用。     

Topological Design of Unprecedented Metal-Organic Frameworks Featuring Multiple Anion Functionalities and Hierarchical Porosity for Benchmark Acetylene Separation

Separation of acetylene (C₂H₂) from carbon dioxide (CO₂) or ethylene (C₂H₄) is industrially important but still challenging so far. Herein, we developed two novel robust metal organic frameworks AlFSIX-Cu-TPBDA (ZNU-8) with znv topology and SIFSIX-Cu-TPBDA (ZNU-9) with wly topology for efficient capture of C₂H₂ from CO₂ and C₂H₄. Both ZNU-8 and ZNU-9 feature multiple anion functionalities and hierarchical porosity. Notably, ZNU-9 with more anionic binding sites and three distinct cages displays both an extremely large C₂H₂ capacity (7.94 mmol/g) and a high C₂H₂/CO₂ (10.3) or C₂H₂/C₂H₄ (11.6) selectivity. The calculated capacity of C₂H₂ per anion (4.94 mol/mol at 1 bar) is the highest among all the anion pillared metal organic frameworks. Theoretical calculation indicated that the strong cooperative hydrogen bonds exist between acetylene and the pillared SiF₆²⁻ anions in the confined cavity, which is further confirmed by in situ IR spectra. The practical separation performance was explicitly demonstrated by dynamic breakthrough experiments with equimolar C₂H₂/CO₂ mixtures and 1/99 C₂H₂/C₂H₄ mixtures under various conditions with excellent recyclability and benchmark productivity of pure C₂H₂ (5.13 mmol/g) or C₂H₄ (48.57 mmol/g).     

Co2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的阴离子交换色谱法分离研究

本文对钴与锌、镉等金属离子的阴离子交换色谱法分离进行了研究．采用201×7型阴离子交换树脂经氧化铵溶液饱和后,在pH＝4．0时,使钴与其它金属离子分离,然后分别用0．02mol／L的盐酸溶液及蒸馏水将锌、镉等金属离子从阴离子交换树脂上洗脱．此法分离效果好,操作简单方便．     

泡沫塑料分离富集技术的应用现状

对１９９２－１９９９年泡沫塑料分离富集技术的应用进行了综述 ;根据泡沫塑料的结构特性,对其负载,吸附和解脱过程的机理进行了探讨。     

纳滤膜分离机理及其应用研究进展

综述了纳滤膜的分离机理及其应用研究现状和进展,纳滤膜分离过程是一个不可逆过程,其分离机理可以运用电荷模型（空间电荷模型和固定电荷模型）和细孔模型,以及近年才提出的静电排斥和立体阻碍模型等来描述。纳滤膜应用研究现状的介绍包括低聚糖分离和精制、果汁的高浓度浓缩、多肽和氨基酸的分离、抗生素的浓缩与纯化、牛奶及乳清蛋白的浓缩、农产品的综合利用以及纳滤膜生化反应器的开发等。     

Some thoughts about enantioseparations in capillary electrophoresis

In this overview the goal of the authors was to analyze from the historical perspective the reasons of success and failure of chiral capillary electrophoresis. In addition, the current trends are analyzed, unique advantages of capillary electrophoresis are highlighted and some future directions are discussed.     

分析化学中的分离技术

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“分析化学中的分离技术”开篇。主要评述了 1 995年至 2 0 0 0年国内分析化学中的分离技术的发展。内容分概述、沉淀 -共沉淀、萃取、静态与动态吸附及新技术 ,如浮选、膜分离、超临界流体萃取、分子烙印等。引用文献 4 64篇     

Less common applications of monoliths: V. Monolithic scaffolds modified with nanostructures for chromatographic separations and tissue engineering

Scaffolds modified with nanostructures are recently finding use in a broad range of applications spanning from chromatographic separations to tissue engineering. This continuation of the review series on design and applications of monolithic materials covers some of the less common monoliths including use of nanostructures in preparation, modifications, and applications.     

分子筛材料在小分子吸附分离中的应用

吸附分离技术与工艺在工业上具有重要意义. 常见的吸附剂包括沸石分子筛、 金属有机框架材料、 活性炭等材料. 分子筛具有比表面积大、 稳定性高、 生产成本低等优势, 可以满足吸附分离技术中高效、 节能和环保的需求, 是一种非常有应用前景的小分子混合物分离吸附剂. 本文综合评述了吸附分离领域中常用的吸附剂材料的特点和吸附分离机理与评价方法, 总结了分子筛在空气分离、 烃类分离、 二氧化碳吸附、 芳香硫化物脱除、 一氧化碳吸附、 氮氧化物吸附、 氢气储存吸附及氢同位素分离等领域的应用, 并对基于分子筛膜的小分子混合物分离现状进行了介绍. 此外, 本文还系统分析了分子筛对不同混合物的吸附分离性能与其拓扑结构、 骨架组成及改性方法之间的关系, 并对未来的研究前景进行了展望.     

渗透汽化膜分离研究的新进展

渗透汽化膜分离技术是当前分离膜研究领域的前沿课题之一.作为化学分离中的重要组成部分,近年来受到高度重视.本文按渗透汽化膜分离的三大类混合液体系有机液脱水、从水相中分离有机物和有机混合液的分离,综述了近几年渗透汽化膜分离技术研究的新进展.其中,又重点报道了有机混合液分离的最新研究成果,将其分为:极性/非极性化合物、芳香烃/脂肪烃体系、芳香烃/脂环烃体系、同分异构体、多元体系和汽油脱硫等六部分进行了详细叙述.文章最后还对渗透汽化膜分离研究进行了展望.     

共沉淀分离富集法的应用与进展

对共沉淀分离富集法的应用与进展进行了综述。近年来,由于其与固体进样分析仪器的结合而得到了迅速发展,从自然水样到高纯和其它特殊材料的分析,从金属元素到非金属乃至有机物的测定,越来越多,越来越好的有机和无机的共沉淀体系正被研究和广泛应用。     

铅的吸光光度法测定研究进展

作者从分离、富集、掩蔽方法与光度测定的结合,以及一些Pb(Ⅱ)的重要显色剂出发对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸光光度测定的近年进展作了评述(引用文献58篇).     

TLC on mixed adsorbents-separation of closely related aromatic amines

Summary The TLC behaviour of closely related aromatic amines on silica gel plates impregnated with sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, ammonium oxalate, sodium chloride, sodium acetate and sodium sulphate has been studied and it has been concluded that, unlike earlier findings the TLC behaviour is primarily influenced by the anion and not by the cation impregnation. Suitable adsorbent and solvent systems for an efficient separation of closely related isomers of this class of physiologically important compounds have been developed.     

Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-coated silica: A versatile,polar stationary phase for HPLC

Summary Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) is immobilized on both, small- and large-pore silicas by thermal treatment, γ-radiation, or peroxide initiated polymerization. The hydrolytic stability of such a highly polar stationary phase significantly exceeds that of a comparable phase prepared by the chemical reaction of silica with a pyrrolidone ethyl dimethylchlorosilane silanization reagent. The properties of the different PVP-silicas are evaluated by elemental analysis, spectroscopy, and chromatography. Columns of PVP-silica packings can be used in several modes: a) under normal-phase conditions as a polar bonded stationary phase, b) under reversed-phase conditions, for the separation of organic proton-donor and hydrogen-bonding compounds, c) for the aqueous size exclusion chromatography of proteins, and d) with salt gradients for the hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins. The minimum observable reduced plate-height of PVP-silica columns is about 3. Double-layer polymer coating experiments using PVP-silica covered with poly(methyloctadecylsiloxane) have been performed to study diffusion and shielding effects of different polymer layers in the stationary phase. Depending on separation conditions, one or the other polymer governs the retention process. A mixed selectivity was observed in a reversed phase mode with acidic eluents.     

活性炭分离富集技术的应用新进展

对活性炭分离富集技术的应用新进展进行综述。重点评述了活性炭的结构和吸附机理,活性炭对有机物的分离和吸附,活性炭对金属离子的分离和富集,共引用文献３５篇。     

Parameters influencing transport across conducting electroactive polymer membranes

The parameters which influence electrochemically facilitated transport of electroinactive ions across conducting electroactive polymer membranes have been investigated. The design of membranes and the materials used as well as transport cells and systems have been addressed to improve selectivity and flux. Polypyrrole-para-toluenesulfonate (PPy-pTS) was compared with the copolymer of pyrrole with 3-carboxy-4-methylpyrrole (PPy/PCMP-pTS) and their different chemistries resulted in different membrane selectivities for ions. Platinum mesh was found to be the most suitable auxiliary electrode material and its placement in the cell chamber(s) facilitated ion incorporation/expulsion at the membrane working electrode. This enhanced the flux of ion transport. The flux can also further enhanced by narrowing the distance between the membrane working electrode and the platinum mesh auxiliary electrode(s), and/or by stirring to improve the hydrodynamics. An alternative cell design, namely a dual membrane flow through cell, also proved to be more efficient for ion transport. Good connection geometry to the membrane as well as the application of a square wave pulsed potential waveform to the membrane was found to be essential for achieving high and sustainable flux in ion transport.     

A new analytical approach for humin determination in sediments and soils

In this work a new analytical approach is proposed for the recovery of humin present in soil and sediments. The procedure is based on microwave oven treatment for humin deashing. In this way both the treatment time and the concentration of the HCl/HF mixture are significantly reduced (minutes rather than hours, 10% rather than concentrated). By means of the proposed scheme organic matter present in sediment and soil samples can be subdivided into the different fractions (hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds, fulvic and humic acids, humin) making up the balance of organic carbon. Results obtained for samples characterised by different organic carbon content showed a loss of carbon ranging between 20% and 30%, consistent with previous reports about humin deashing.     

A Novel Reverse Phase HPLC Method to Separate and Quantify Androstenedione and Its Stereospecific Hydroxyaromatic Derivatives

Abstract

Reverse - phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography with a gradient elution on a LiChrocart 250-4 LiChrospher 100 RP-18 column has been used to separate and quantify 7 α-hydroxyandrostenedione (7α-OHA), 6β-hydroxyandrostenedione (6β- OHA), 16α-hydroxyandrostenedione (16α - OHA), 2 β - hydroxyandrostenedione (2 β - OHA), testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A). These steroids are the major products of androstenedione hydroxylation by adult rat liver microsomes. Separation was achieved in 30 minutes by using a linear gradient of acetonitrile (CH³CN) and water in increasing amounts from 30% to 60% of the first solvent (CH₃CN).

This new method compares very favourable with other methods already reported for studying microsomal hydroxylations of androstenedione in different positions of the steroidal skeleton.     

Interplay of chromatographic and electrophoretic processes in capillary electrochromatography

The separation mechanism in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a hybrid differential migration process, which entails the features of both high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis, i.e., chromatographic retention and electrophoretic migration. The adsorption of the different sample components on the stationary phase can be modified by the presence of the electric field across the column. Here, we use our previously published approach to decouple chromatographic retention from electrophoretic migration that allows us to investigate the "modification" of the retention process in CEC. This paper presents a methodology for characterization of changes in the retention of neutral and charged sample components, under identical conditions of stationary and mobile phase.