新型C-异戊烯基香豆素的合成

以7-羟基香豆素或7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素为原料,通过异戊烯基化反应合成了四个新的C-异戊烯基香豆素,其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征.     

牛筋果茎中一个新的异戊烯基异黄酮类化合物

综合运用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、SephadexLH-20凝胶柱色谱以及制备型高效液相色谱(HPLC)等色谱分离手段,对苦木科牛筋果属植物牛筋果Harrisoniaperforata茎中的化学成分进行了研究,从其茎的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到了8个异戊烯基异黄酮类化合物,采用多种波谱鉴定方法确定了这些分离得到化合物的化学结构,其中化合物1为1个新的异戊烯基异黄酮类化合物,化合物2～8为从牛筋果属植物中分离得到的化合物.化合物1～8体外抑制肿瘤细胞生长的活性评价结果表明,它们对五种肿瘤细胞株(HL-60、A549、SMMC-7721、MCF-7和SW480)均具有较为显著的体外生长抑制活性,抑制肿瘤细胞生长的活性的IC₅₀范围为(0.38±0.03)～(31.68±0.21)μmol/L,抑制肿瘤细胞生长的活性与抗肿瘤阳性对照药顺铂的抑制活性相当.     

两种天然异戊烯基黄烷酮的全合成

以3-甲氧基甲氧基苯甲醛和2,4,6-三甲氧基-3-异戊烯基苯乙酮为原料,经烷基化和缩合反应合成了新化合物——2’-羟基-4-甲氧基-3,4’,6’-三甲氧甲氧基-3’-异戊烯基査尓酮(6);6经环合反应合成了新化合物——(±)-5,7,3’-三甲氧甲氧基-4’-甲氧基-8-异戊烯基黄烷酮(7);7经脱保护和环合反应实现了天然产物(±)-5,7,3’-三羟基-4’-甲氧基-8-异戊烯基-黄烷酮(1,总收率11.6%)和(±)-5,3’-二羟基-7,8-(2,2-二甲基吡喃)-4’-甲氧基黄烷酮(2,总收率10.5%)的全合成,其中1为新化合物,其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征。     

异戊烯基取代的黄烷酮衍生物的合成及杀菌活性

异戊烯基溴;异戊烯基取代的黄烷酮衍生物的合成及杀菌活性     

长序三宝木枝叶中一个新的异戊烯基异黄酮类化合物

综合运用多种现代色谱分离技术对大戟科三宝木属植物长序三宝木Trigonostemon howii枝叶中的化学成分进行了系统研究,从其枝叶的90％乙醇提取物中分离得到了8个异戊烯基异黄酮类化合物.采用多种现代波谱鉴定技术确定了这些化合物的化学结构.其中化合物1为一个新的异戊烯基异黄酮类化合物,化合物2～8为首次从三宝木属...     

5-异戊烯基紫铆花素的全合成研究

以廉价的3,4-二羟基苯甲醛和2,4-二羟基苯乙酮为起始原料,经过C-异戊烯基化,酚羟基保护,羟醛缩合和去保护基等步骤,以32%的总收率完成了天然产物5-异戊烯基紫铆花素的全合成。所有新化合物的结构都经过¹H NMR、IR、MS确认。     

酸催化1,3-环二酮的选择性C-,O-异戊烯基化反应（英文）

5-色烯酮类衍生物广泛分布于自然界中,特别是各种天然药材中.例如,传统药材桃金娘和大麻的活性成分都含有这类骨架.因此,发展高效的策略来合成5-色烯酮一直受到科研工作者的关注.传统的方法主要是以1,3-环己二酮与异戊烯基溴或卤代苄溴为原料,经过取代和分子内环化两步反应合成得到.最近,1,3-环己二酮与不饱和分子的形式[3+3]环加成反应,由于其独特的原子和步骤经济性,已被用于构建色烯酮骨架.但这类不饱和分子仅限于α,β-不饱和醛与炔丙基醇.因此,发展新的、简单易得的合成子仍具有很大的吸引力.本文采用廉价易得的工业化学品异戊二烯作为简单高效的合成子,用于构建5-色烯酮骨架.首先,以5-苯基-1,3-环己二酮和异戊二烯为模板底物,通过对固体酸催化剂、溶剂及反应温度等筛选发现,在固体酸Nafion(10 wt%)催化下,以DCE为溶剂,110 ^oC反应24 h,5-苯基-1,3-环己二酮会经过C-异戊烯基化和分子内环化的串联过程,一步生成[3+3]产物5-色烯酮,分离收率达到82%.该反应具有高的区域和化学选择性,以及原子经济性.若以异戊烯基醇为原料,在最优条件下,也可以...     

系列烯基化芳香杂环化合物的合成及结构表征

报道了一个简单、 高选择性合成烯基化芳香杂环化合物的反应体系. 在钯的催化作用下, 以乙酸/乙酸酐或四氢呋喃为溶剂, 芳香杂环化合物与烯基化试剂进行交叉脱氢偶联, 合成了系列具有潜在光学活性的烯基化芳香杂环化合物, 确定了最佳反应条件. 采用紫外光谱、 核磁共振氢谱和X射线单晶衍射对目标化合物进行了表征, 并对反应机理进行了探讨.     

天然5,7-二羟基-3-异戊烯基黄酮与5-羟基-3-异戊烯基黄酮的全合成

以2,4,6-三羟基苯乙酮和2,6-二羟基苯乙酮为原料, 分别通过甲基保护酚羟基、 苯甲酰氯酰化、 Bake-Venkataraman重排、 异戊烯基化、 酸催化关环及EtSLi脱去甲基等6步反应, 以高收率完成了天然5,7-二羟基-3-异戊烯基黄酮(1a, 收率80.6%)和5-羟基-3-异戊烯基黄酮(1b, 收率84.9%)的全合成, 所有化合物均经 ¹H NMR 和 ¹³C NMR表征确定. 通过密度泛函理论方法对目标产物(1a和1b)的生物活性进行了预测. 结果表明, 3位异戊烯基侧链的存在能大大增强化合物相应的生物活性, 而且是化合物生物活性增强必需的取代基. 另外, 目标产物1a的生物活性高于产物1b, 归因于黄酮类化合物分子中A环上的7-OH属增效基团, 起到增强生物活性的作用, 化合物1a分子中A环上有7-OH, 而化合物1b分子中则无该基团. 本合成方法对其它3-烃基黄酮类天然化合物的合成具有潜在的适用性, 所预测的生物活性结果为3-烃基黄酮类化合物的构效关系研究奠定了基础.     

天然产物的酶法结构修饰

为赋予天然产物以新颖和特定的性质，往往需要对其进行结构修饰。结果修饰 可以通过化学法、微生物法和酶法实现。其中酶法由于条件温和，化学、区域和立 体选择性高，操作简便，环境友好等特点而发展非常迅速。本文介绍了糖和糖苷、 甾族化合物、β-内酰胺抗生素、氨基酸和多糖类等的酶法结构修饰，并指出组合 酶催化将成为现有组合化学方法的重要补充。     

Recent topics of the stereodivergent synthesis of natural products

A variety of natural products, a valuable source of drug lead compounds, coexist with their stereoisomers as congeners. For pursuing the structural elucidation and the structure–activity relationship study of natural products, it is needed to establish the streamlined synthetic route to supply natural products and their stereoisomers. Divergent pathway is one of the synthetic strategies to deliver more than one target compound. In this digest, selected examples of the stereodivergent approach toward the synthesis of natural products are described. Especially, this digest focuses on common synthetic intermediates and stereodiversification steps from the common intermediates to reach the target compounds.     

Modern microextraction techniques for natural products

Natural product analysis has gained wide attention in recent years, especially for herbal medicines, which contain complex ingredients and play a significant clinical role in the therapy of numerous diseases. The constituents of natural products are usually found at low concentrations, and the matrices are complex. Thus, the extraction of target compounds from natural products before analysis by analytical instruments is very significant for human health and its wide application. The commonly used traditional extraction methods are time-consuming, using large amounts of sample and organic solvents, as well as expensive and inefficient. Recently, microextraction techniques have been used for natural product extraction to overcome the disadvantages of conventional extraction methods. In this paper, the successful applications of and recent developments in microextraction techniques including solvent-based and sorbent-based microextraction methods, in natural product analysis in recent years, especially in the last 5 years, are reviewed for the first time. Their features, advantages, disadvantages, and future development trends are also discussed.     

Calorimetric investigation of palladium-catalysed telomerization of isoprene in solution

Telomerization of isoprene is characterized by intense thermal effects. The reaction system di-μ-chlorobis(η³-allyl)-dipalladium(II): tri-n-butylphosphine: sodium methylate: isoprene=1∶2∶3∶200 in a solvent-mixture of methanol∶benzene=1∶3 is used as a model. It is concluded that reaction of the catalyst combined with reduction of Pd(II) is followed by the telomerization reaction. There is a marked influence of Pd and phosphine concentration in the catalyst as well as concentration of isoprene. Results are available to optimize technical applications.     

Antimycobacterial natural products: synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of the oxazole-containing alkaloid texaline

Texaline, an antimycobacterial oxazole-containing alkaloid previously isolated from Amyris texana and A. elemifera, and related compounds have been synthesized in order to explore aspects of the structure-antituberculosis activity relationship. While texaline was found to be inactive in our assays, simpler diaryloxazoles were more active whilst also exhibiting modest toxic selectivity, leading to their identification as potential lead compounds.     

天然糖类纳米药物传递系统的研究进展

纳米技术作为影响未来人类生活的世界三大新兴科技之一,其与药物传递系统的融合,既可以将药物的药理作用极大限度地发挥出来,又克服了药物本身的局限性.天然糖类的来源十分广泛,不仅价格低廉、无毒性,且具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,被广泛用于纳米药物传递系统.本文对纳米药物传递系统的体系组成进行了归纳,重点阐述了常见糖类及...     

硅溶胶改性及其应用研究进展

二氧化硅在自然界中通常为晶态,而以溶胶-凝胶、水热、模板剂等方法人工合成的二氧化硅纳米颗粒(SiO₂ NPs)通常为无定形态。无定形SiO₂ NPs广泛应用于航空航天、催化剂载体、靶向送药等众多高端领域。生产SiO₂ NPs的方法有很多,但制备结构、形貌简单的SiO₂ NPs的主要方式为离子交换法、硅醇盐水解法、单质硅粉水解法,这些方法可制备粒径在10～800 nm的单分散SiO₂ NPs,同时可根据生产条件控制粒子的单分散性与粒径大小。寻找一种成本低廉且成品单分散性好、粒径可控的生产方法成为目前研究的热点。本文简介了SiO₂ NPs的结构形貌、基础性质、生产方法和最佳合成条件,总结了各方法的优缺点与适用领域。随后介绍了近年来SiO₂ NPs的改性研究与应用,最后在此基础上展望了合成硅溶胶存在的挑战与未来需解决的问题。     

Determination of oxygenated compounds in secondary organic aerosol from isoprene and toluene smog chamber experiments

The determination of multifunctional oxygenated compounds in secondary organic aerosols (SOA) usually requires a derivatisation protocol prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). Our proposed protocol, a combination of O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine (PFBHA) plus diluted N-methyl-N-trimethyl-silyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) without catalyst, has improved the determination of carbonyls, polyhydroxyl-compounds, hydroxyl-carbonyls, hydroxyl-carboxylic acids and di-carboxylic acids. The optimised derivatisation protocol has been successfully used for blanks, standard mixtures and photo-oxidation products from isoprene and toluene generated in a high-volume simulation chamber (European Photoreactor, EUPHORE).

Some previously identified degradation products for isoprene including tetrols such as threitol, erythritol; 2-methyltetrols and 2-methylglyceric acid; and for toluene including nitrophenols, methyl-nitrophenols, benzaldehyde, p-cresol, benzoic acid, glyoxylic acid and methyl-glyoxylic acid, have been identified in our aerosol samples, thus confirming the successful applicability of the proposed derivatisation protocol. Moreover, the reduction of artefacts and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, have allowed us to extend the number of multifunctional compounds determined. These findings have demonstrated the validity of this analytical strategy, which will contribute to a better understanding of the atmospheric degradation chemistry of biogenic and anthropogenic pollutants.     

基于天然产物的抗肿瘤缀合物的研究进展

由于肿瘤疾病发病机制的复杂性及靶向药物的耐药性问题,单靶点药物已经不能很好地治疗癌症.利用拼合原理将两个或多个不同的药物或药效基团适当连接得到的缀合物,其相对于拼接前的单一药物,可能具有抑制多个肿瘤靶点的能力,或者发挥协同抗癌作用.许多天然产物被证明具有抗癌活性,但由于各种缺点,如生物利用率低,毒副作用大等,不能应用于...