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1.
The crystal structures of two ibuprofen sodium dihydrates, racemic sodium (RS)‐2‐(4‐isobutylphenyl)propanoate dihydrate or (RS)‐NaIBDH, Na+·C13H17O2·2H2O, and enantiomeric sodium (S)‐2‐(4‐isobutylphenyl)propanoate dihydrate or (S)‐NaIBDH, Na+·C13H17O2·2H2O, have been determined in the space groups P and P1, respectively. The unit cells of the two triclinic structures have similar lattice parameters and cell volumes. The constituent ions have similar coordination environments, but differ slightly in their hydrogen‐bonding inter­actions. The dominance of the inter­actions between the O atoms and the Na+ cations explains the structural similarity of these two structures, despite the fact that one is heterochiral while the other is homochiral.  相似文献   

2.
The extended Hückel molecular orbital (EHMO) calculations have been carried out using cluster approach to polyoxo anions, i.e. calculations have been done for a single octahedron MO6 of different symmetry and results have been used to analyze 183 W and 17 O NMR spectra. Using five d→d* energy differences for the individual WO6 the sum Σ1/ (EdEd*) have been calculated and plotted against the 183 W chemical shift (from +258 to −670 ppm) for corresponding type of tungsten atom and practically a linear correlation between two parameters have been observed. This points out the electronic nature of the 183 W chemical shift. Similar correlation have been found for the 17O NMR chemical shifts (−90 to +800 ppm) when the plotted against product of the R−3 Σ1/ (EpEp*) where the R−3 bond length of the corresponding W–O bond. Increasing the 183 W nuclear magnetic shielding with the calculated electron population on tungsten atom for closely related anions has been observed, but no general tendency between δ and the calculated electronic charge if the symmetry of polyhedron is changed is expected.  相似文献   

3.
The 13C and 17O (natural abundance) chemical shifts of several mono- and di-methyl ring-substituted thiane 1-oxides and thiane 1,1-dioxides are reported. The cis and trans isomers of methyl-substituted thiane 1-oxide are readily identified by 13C and 17O NMR. In particular, the 17O NMR signals of axial SO groups are found several ppm upfield of those of the equatorial counterparts. The proportion of axial and equatorial conformers of thiane 1-oxide in different solvents has been measured by low-temperature 13C NMR. In THF the proportion of the axial conformer is higher than in CD2Cl2 whereas in CDCl3 or CHF2Cl the conformational preference is reversed and the equatorial conformer is slightly favoured.  相似文献   

4.
The 17O-NMR spectra of 1,4-naphthoquinone and 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone) have been recorded in CDCl3 solution at 40°. In juglone the 17O resonance of the carbonyl peri to the OH group was displaced by 70 ppm to low frequency relative to the resonance in the para-position. It is shown that this chemical shift arises mainly from intramolecular H-bonding, the substituent and steric effects being one order of magnitude smaller. Large carbonyl 17O chemical shifts between ?34 and ?100 ppm were also observed in a series of aromatic aldehydes and ketones where intramolecular H-bonds of the C?O…?H? O type are formed. The H-bond-induced carbonyl 17O chemical shifts were linearly correlated with both the 17O and 1H chemical shifts of the OH groups. They represent a most sensitive measure of the strength of intramolecular H-bonds. The 17O resonances of the OH groups were directed to high frequency on H-bonding. Analysis of the 17O chemical shifts in 2,2′-dihydroxy-benzophenone showed clearly that the two OH groups build H-bonds simultaneously to the single carbonyl group. The 17O linewidths decreased strongly on H-bonding; the linewidth of the H-bonded carbonyl O-atom in juglone, for example, was reduced by 25% with respect to that of the free carbonyl O-atom. The carbonyl O-atom quadrupole coupling constants in juglone, evaluated from the combined use of 13C and 17O relaxation times, were 9.5 and 11.0 MHz, respectively. No correlation was observed between the H-bond-induced 17O chemical shifts and the variations in 17O quadrupole coupling constants.  相似文献   

5.
In a recent article, Kiyosawa [J. Solution Chem. 33, 323 (2004)] reports that the freezing points of isotopic mixtures of ordinary water and 17O enriched water show an unexpectedly large linear dependence on the concentration of H217O. Surprisingly, the constant of proportionality to the H217O concentration is nearly five times larger than that of H218O found in earlier studies by Kiyosawa [J. Solution Chem. 20, 583 (1991)]. We show that the H217O result is not consistent with other data or models. For example, a recent determination of the triple point temperature dependence on isotopic composition in naturally and artificially depleted waters [White et al. in Temperature, Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry, Vol. 7, D. C. Ripple, Ed., AIP CP 684, 221–226 (2003)] is consistent with the H218O and D2O results from Kiyosawa (1991) [White and Tew in Report of the 22nd Meeting of the Consultative Committee for Thermometry, Document CCT/03-21, BIPM, Severes, France, 2003] but is inconsistent with the H217O results from Kiyosawa (2004). Additionally, the results from Kiyosawa (1991) are close to what would be found in ideal solutions for those isotopic forms, whereas the H217O proportionality from Kiyosawa (2004) is about 10 times larger than similarly predicted. One possible explanation is that the original 17O enriched water sample contained a small amount of D2O, and the sample, if available, should be subject to isotopic analysis to help resolve these inconsistencies.  相似文献   

6.
17O chemical shifts of axial hydroxyl groups in cyclohexanols are upfield of those of corresponding equatorial groups, but in 5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxanes the opposite is observed: the axial OH resonates downfield of the equatorial OH. The situation is the same in the corresponding methyl ethers and is, thus, not a result of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the axial 5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane, but appears to parallel the effect on 13C and 19F shifts observed in corresponding equatorial and axial 5-methyl- and 5-fluoro-1,3-dioxanes, which has been attributed to an upfield shifting effect of the antiperiplanar γ-located heteroatoms. Surprisingly, the reciprocal effect is not seen in the ring 17O shifts of the 5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxanes. A δ compression shift is seen in the 17O spectrum of trans-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol (syn-axial OH and CH3), analogous to the effect earlier reported in 13C spectra. Conversion of four of the alcohols to methyl ethers produces a large upfield effect on the 17O shift, larger in the cyclohexanols than in the 1,3-dioxane-5-ols. Similar upfield shifts have been recorded in the literature; their extent depends on whether the alcohols are primary, secondary or tertiary.  相似文献   

7.
99Tc NMR has been suggested as an original method of evaluating the content of oxygen isotopes in oxygen‐18‐enriched water, a precursor for the production of radioisotope fluorine‐18 used in positron emission tomography. To this end, solutions of NH4TcO4 or NaTcO4 (up to 0.28 mol/L) with natural abundance of oxygen isotopes in virgin or recycled 18O‐enriched water have been studied by 99Tc NMR. The method is based on 16O/17O/18O intrinsic isotope effects in the 99Tc NMR chemical shifts, and the statistical distribution of oxygen isotopes in the coordination sphere of TcO4 and makes it possible to quantify the composition of enriched water by measuring the relative intensities of the 99Tc NMR signals of the Tc16O4−n18On isotopologues. Because the oxygen exchange between TcO4 and enriched water in neutral and alkaline solutions is characterized by slow kinetics, gaseous HCl was bubbled through a solution for a few seconds to achieve the equilibrium distribution of oxygen isotopes in the Tc coordination sphere without distortion of the oxygen composition of the water. Pertechnetate ion was selected as a probe due to its high stability in solutions and the significant 99Tc NMR shift induced by a single 16O→18O substitution (−0.43 ± 0.01 ppm) in TcO4 and spin coupling constant 1J(99Tc–17O) (131.46 Hz) favourable for the observation of individual signals of Tc16O4−n18On isotopologues.  相似文献   

8.
A mixed-ligand compound, [Ni2(BPTC)(pyz)?·?2H2O] n (0.5H2O) n (BPTC?=?3,3′,4, 4′-benzophenone-tetracarboxylate, pyz?=?pyrazine), has been prepared hydrothermally by assembly of BPTC, NiCl2·6H2O and pyz. X-ray diffraction analysis of a single crystal reveals the three-dimensional framework assembled from pyz-pillared two-dimensional sheets. Three types of channels in one direction are established inside the structure. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties in DMF have been studied by Z-scan technique using an 8?ns laser at 532?nm. The results reveal that the new compound exhibits strong NLO absorption and self-focusing refractive performance (n 2?=?2.7?×?10?17?m2?W?1).  相似文献   

9.
The freezing point of mixtures of H2 16O with H2 17O was measured as a function of the molal concentration. The freezing points rose linearly with increasing molal concentration above that of pure ordinary water, H2 16O, at 273.15 K. This confirms Kiyosawa's previous conclusion [K. Kiyosawa, J. Solution Chem. 20, 583 (1991).], drawn from findings on changes in the freezing point of mixtures of H2 16O with H2 18O or D2 16O that even a difference in the number of neutrons in the hydrogen or oxygen atoms of water molecules makes them behave as different entities with respect to the colligative properties of solutions. This has been confirmed to also occur in mixtures of H2 16O with H2 17O.  相似文献   

10.
Under Ammonia chemical Ionization conditions the source decompositions of [M + NH4]+ ions formed from epimeric tertiary steroid alchols 14 OHβ, 17OHα or 17 OHβ substituted at position 17 have been studied. They give rise to formation of [M + NH4? H2O]+ dentoed as [MHsH]+, [MsH? H2O]+, [MsH? NH3]+ and [MsH? NH3? H2O]+ ions. Stereochemical effects are observed in the ratios [MsH? H2O]+/[MsH? NH3]+. These effects are significant among metastable ions. In particular, only the [MsH]+ ions produced from trans-diol isomers lose a water molecule. The favoured loss of water can be accounted for by an SN2 mechanism in which the insertion of NH3 gives [MsH]+ with Walden inversion occurring during the ion-molecule reaction between [M + NH4]+ + NH3. The SN1 and SNi pathways have been rejected.  相似文献   

11.
A general synthetic approach for the synthesis of 15N- and 17O-doubly labelled pyrimidine nucleosides is described. The 15N isotopes in uridine and the 17O isotope in the urea-derived carbonyl group of uridine and cytidine originate from (15N2)[17O]urea ( 5 ) which was synthesized from 15NH4Cl, thiophosgene ( 1 ), and H2[17O]. The third 15N isotope of cytidine in 4-position stems from the substitution of the 1,2,4-triazole moiety of (15N2)[O2-17O]uridine derivative 8a/b with 15NH4OH. Hydrolysis of the same key intermediate 8a/b with Na[17O]H/H2[17O] introduced the second 17O isotope into the 4-position of uridine. The 15N- and 17O-NMR spectra of the target compounds 12 and 14 in phosphate-buffered H2O serve as references for heteronuclear NMR spectra of labelled RNA fragments.  相似文献   

12.
The crystal structures of almotriptan {systematic name: N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐[5‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐ylsulfonylmethyl)‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl]ethanamine}, C17H25N3O2S, and almotriptan malate {systematic name: N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐[5‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐ylsulfonylmethyl)‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl]ethanaminium malate, C17H26N3O2S+·C4H5O5, a novel selective serotonin 1B/D agonist, have been determined in order to gain further insight into the structure–activity relationships of triptans. The two structures differ in the orientation of their sulfonylpyrrolidine side chains. A comparison with other triptans reveals that molecules of almotriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan and rizatriptan can adopt two principal conformations. N—H...N, N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds are responsible for the molecular packing.  相似文献   

13.
The hydrolysis and condensation processes of titanium iso-propoxide modified with catechol (C6H4(OH)2; H2cat) have been investigated by 1H, 13C and 17O nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The hydrolysis reactions of the modified titanium iso-propoxide in the system with Ti:tetrahydrofuran (THF):H2O = 1:20:x (x = 1, 2 and 5 in a molar ratio) are essentially completed in the initial stage (<1 h), and the condensation reactions also proceed significantly during this stage. Upon hydrolysis with H2O/Ti = 1, the iso-propoxy groups are selectively hydrolyzed and the catecholate groups remain bound to titanium. With H2O/Ti = 2 and 5, both the iso-propoxy and catecholate groups are hydrolyzed, and the hydrolysis of the iso-propoxy groups is relatively preferential. Approximately half the catecholate groups are stably bound to titanium, even after hydrolysis with H2O/Ti = 5.  相似文献   

14.
Natural abundance 17O nmr chemical shift data for 8 aryl esters and 10 pyridine carboxy esters, including 6 ortho-hydroxy esters, recorded in acetomitrile at 75° are reported. The carbonyl group 17O nmr chemical shift data for methyl 2-, 3- and 4-pyridinecarboxylate are correlated with σ+ constants. The hydrogen bonding component (ΔδHB) to the ester carbonyl 17O nmr chemical shift for the intramolecular hydrogen bonded ortho-hydroxy systems are 9.8 ppm, 13.6 ppm and 4.3 ppm for benzoates, 2-pyridinecarboxylates and 4-pyridinecarboxylates, respectively. The relationships of the ester ΔδHB values to other hydrogen bond acceptor ΔδHB values are discussed.  相似文献   

15.
P,T,X phase diagrams of the CH2Cl2-H2O, the CHCl3-H2O and the CCl4-H2) systems have been studied by DTA in the pressure range 10–3 to 5.0 kbar. Under pressure the cubic structure II (CS-II) hydrates forming in all the systems are replaced by hydrates with the composition M·7.3 H2O whose stoichiometry and positive dT/dP values of melting lead us to believe that they are CS-I hydrates.In the CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 systems the nonvariant point coordinates of the hydrate transformationQ 2 h (l1h17h7l2, where l1 and l2 are liquid phases abundant in water and hydrate former, respectively, h17 and h7 are hydrates with hydrate numbers 17 and 7, respectively) areP = 0.6 kbar, T = –1.5°C andP =2.65 kbar,T = –10.5°C, respectively. In the CCl4 system the 4-phaseQ 3 h point (l1h17h7s, where s is crystalline CCl4) has coordinatesP = 0.75 kbar and T = 0.4°C.The main obstacle of the present study, the very slow achievement of equilibrium, has been eliminated by adding small amounts (0.25% by mass) of surfactants followed by ultrasonic mixing. We have shown that this accelerates the achievement of equilibrium without changing its position.  相似文献   

16.
Two new tetranuclear chalcocyanide cluster complexes, [{Mn(saloph)H2O}4Re4Q4(CN)12]?4 CH3OH? 8 H2O (saloph=N,N′o‐phenylenebis(salicylidenaminato), Q=Se ( 1 ‐Se), Te ( 2 ‐Te)), have been synthesized by the diffusion of a methanolic solution of [PPh4]4[Re4Q4(CN)12] into a methanolic solution of [Mn(saloph)]+. The structure of 2 ‐Te has been determined by X‐ray crystallography. These rhenium cluster‐supported [MnIII(saloph)] complexes have been found to efficiently catalyze a wide range of olefin epoxidations under mild experimental conditions in the presence of meta‐chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA). Olefin epoxidation by these catalysts is proposed to involve the multiple active oxidants MnV?O, MnIV?O, and MnIII? OOC(O)R. Evidence in support of this interpretation has been derived from reactivity and Hammett studies, H218O‐exchange experiments, and the use of peroxyphenylacetic acid as a mechanistic probe. Moreover, it has been observed that the participation of MnV?O, MnIV?O, and MnIII? OOC(O)R can be controlled by changing the substrate concentration. This mechanism provides the greatest congruity with related oxidation reactions that employ certain Mn complexes as catalysts.  相似文献   

17.
We report the ab initio study of twenty‐four azolides derived from pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, both triazoles, tetrazole, pentazole, indole and carbazole bearing at the nitrogen atom the groups COMe, CHO, COCF3 and CO2Me. Theoretical values (isomerism, barriers, dipole moments, C=O stretching) are compared with experimental ones, when available, and also internally compared. A special effort has been devoted to the calculation of the absolute shieldings for the different nuclei present in azolides. At the level of calculation used (RHF/6‐311G**) the results are satisfactory. To complete the nmr data from the literature, some 1H, 13C, 15N, 17O and 19F chemical shifts have been determined.  相似文献   

18.
Two kinds of good linear correlations were found between the chemical shifts of saturated six‐membered azaheterocyclic N‐methylamine N‐oxides and the chemical shifts of the methiodides of their parent amines. One of the correlations occurs between the 17O chemical shift of the N+―O oxygen in the N‐oxides and the 13C chemical shift of the N+―CH3 methyl group analogously situated in the appropriate methiodide (r = 0.9778). This correlation enables unambiguous configuration assignment of the N+―O bond, even if the experimentally observed 17O chemical shift of only one N‐epimer is available, provided the 13C chemical shifts of both N+―CH3 groups in the methiodide are known and assigned; furthermore, it can be used also for the estimation of 17O chemical shifts of the N+―O oxygens in N‐epimeric pairs of N‐oxides, for which observed 17O data hardly become available. The second correlation is observed between the 13C chemical shift of the N+―CH3 methyl group in the N‐oxides and the 13C chemical shift of the N+―CH3 methyl group analogously situated in the appropriate methiodide (r = 0.9785). It can be used for safe configuration assignment of the N+―CH3 group and, indirectly, also of the N+―O bond in an amine N‐oxide, even if no 17O NMR data, and the 13C chemical shift of only one N‐epimer is available. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
17O NMR spectra for 35 ortho‐, para‐, and meta‐substituted phenyl tosylates (phenyl 4‐methylbenzenesulfonates), 4‐CH3‐C6H4SO2OC6H4‐X, at natural abundance in acetonitrile at 50 °C were recorded. The 17O NMR chemical shifts, δ(17O), of the sulfonyl (SO2) and the single‐bonded phenoxy (OPh) oxygens for para and meta derivatives correlated well with dual substituent parameter treatment using the Taft inductive, σI, and resonance, σºR, constants. The influence of ortho substituents on the sulfonyl oxygen and the single‐bonded phenoxy oxygen chemical shifts, δ(17O), was found to be nicely described by the Charton equation: δ(17O)ortho = δ(17O)H + ρIσI + ρRσ°R + δEsB when the data treatment was performed separately for electron‐donating +R substituents and electron‐attracting ?R substituents. Electron‐attracting meta and para substituents in the phenyl moiety caused deshielding while the electron‐donating meta, para and ortho +R substituents produce shielding effects on the sulfonyl (SO2) and single‐bonded phenoxy (OPh) oxygens. The influence of ortho inductive and resonance effects in the case of +R substituents was found to be approximately twice higher than the corresponding influence from the para position. Due to the steric effect of ortho substituents a decrease in shielding of the oxygens at the sulfonyl group (δEsB > 0, EsB < 0) was detected. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
Bimetallic macrocyclic complexes have attracted the attention of chemists and various organic ligands have been used as molecular building blocks, but supramolecular complexes based on semi‐rigid organic ligands containing 1,2,4‐triazole have remained rare until recently. It is easier to obtain novel topologies by making use of asymmetric semi‐rigid ligands in the self‐assembly process than by making use of rigid ligands. A new semi‐rigid ligand, 3‐[(pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl)sulfanyl]‐5‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐amine (L), has been synthesized and used to generate two novel bimetallic macrocycle complexes, namely bis{μ‐3‐[(pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl)sulfanyl]‐5‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐amine}bis[(methanol‐κO)(nitrato‐κ2O,O′)nickel(II)] dinitrate, [Ni2(NO3)2(C17H14N6S)2(CH3OH)2](NO3)2, (I), and bis{μ‐3‐[(pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl)sulfanyl]‐5‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐amine}bis[(methanol‐κO)(nitrato‐κ2O,O′)zinc(II)] dinitrate, [Zn2(NO3)2(C17H14N6S)2(CH3OH)2](NO3)2, (II), by solution reactions with the inorganic salts M(NO3)2 (M = Ni and Zn, respectively) in mixed solvents. In (I), two NiII cations with the same coordination environment are linked by L ligands through Ni—N bonds to form a bimetallic ring. Compound (I) is extended into a two‐dimensional network in the crystallographic ac plane via N—H…O, O—H…N and O—H…O hydrogen bonds, and neighbouring two‐dimensional planes are parallel and form a three‐dimensional structure via π–π stacking. Compound (II) contains two bimetallic rings with the same coordination environment of the ZnII cations. The ZnII cations are bridged by L ligands through Zn—N bonds to form the bimetallic rings. One type of bimetallic ring constructs a one‐dimensional nanotube via O—H…O and N—H…O hydrogen bonds along the crystallographic a direction, and the other constructs zero‐dimensional molecular cages via O—H…O and N—H…O hydrogen bonds. They are interlinked into a two‐dimensional network in the ac plane through extensive N—H…O hydrogen bonds, and a three‐dimensional supramolecular architecture is formed via π–π interactions between the centroids of the benzene rings of the quinoline ring systems.  相似文献   

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