夸克平均场模型研究有限核及超核

采用组分夸克模型描述重子,首先由自由核子及超子的性质定出模型参数,进一步考虑核介质中重子性质的变化,核介质中的介子平均场直接与重子内部的组分夸克相互作用.夸克平均场模型已被用于研究有限核及超核的性质,能够给出令人满意的有限核及超核的性质,该模型也预言了核介质中核子体积的膨胀及核子有效质量的降低. The quark mean field model, which describes the baryon by using the constituent quark model, is applied to study the properties of finite nuclei and hypernuclei. The meson mean fields couple directly with the quarks and change the properties of baryons in nuclear medium. The quark mean field model provides satisfactory results on the properties of spherical nuclei and hypernuclei. It also predicts an increasing size of the nucleon as well as a reduction of the effective mass in the nuclear environment.     

Skyrme Hartree-Fock模型对中等质量超形变超核的研究（英文）

采用Skyrme Hartree-Fock 模型和微观的核子-超子相互作用对Ar 同位素和40Ca 及相应超核的超形变态进行了研究,计算结果表明,基态的Λ 超子分离能比激发态的大。这一结果与反对称化分子动力学模型的结果一致,而与相对论平均场的结果相反。这区别主要来源于不同模型中不同的相互作用导致的核心核及相应超核密度分布的不同。The superdeformed (SD) states in medium heavy hypernuclei with core nuclei of Ar isotopes and 40Ca are studied in the frame of Skyrme Hartree-Fock (SHF)+ BCS model together with a microscopic ΛN interaction. The calculation indicates that the Λ separation energy S_Λ of ground state is larger than that of SD state. The result is consistent with the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) calculation, but inconsistent with that of relativistic mean field (RMF). The difference comes from the different interaction and density distribution in the core nuclei and the corresponding hypernuclei.     

超核γ谱学研究进展

近年来 ,在7ΛLi超核γ谱学实验中 ,通过基态二重态间自旋翻转M1跃迁能量的测定 ,为ΛN自旋 自旋相互作用强度提供了重要的信息 ;通过对约化跃迁几率B(E2 ;7ΛLi 5 / 2 + → 1/ 2 + )的测定 ,表明7ΛLi中的6Li核心比自由空间中6Li核要小 ,Λ超子的胶样作用引起了7ΛLi核的收缩 . The recent progress in gamma-ray spectroscopy of hypernuclei is described. The spin-flip M1 γ transition between the ground-state spin doublet of 7 ΛLi has been observed. The transition energy provides crucial information on the strength of the spin-spin intetraction between Λ and nucleons. The experimental result of B(E2; 7 ΛLi 5/2 +→1/2 +) gives evidence that the size of the 6Li core in 7 ΛLi is smaller than that for the 6Li nucleus in the free space, indicating that the...     

奇特核和超核中的晕现象

讨论奇特核和超核中的各种晕现象. 根据密度相关零程对力的相对论连续谱Hartree Bogoliubov理论给出的计算结果， 预言了中子滴线附近的Ca原子核中可能存在着巨晕， 并简要介绍了O， Ni， Zr， Sn和Pb等一些质子幻数核从质子滴线到中子滴线之间的原子核基态性质. 随后给出超核内的晕现象研究， 如Ca超核内的中子晕和153ΛC内的单Λ超子晕. Halos in the relativistic continuum Hartree Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory are investigated，including giant halo in the even N Ca isotope near neutron drip line，halos in hypernuclei and the hyperon halos in 153ΛC.     

相对论平均场理论对∧,Ξ和∑超核的研究(英文)

基于相对论平均场理论,系统地研究了单∧,Ξ和∑超核,超子-核子相互作用通过拟合实验数据以及参照之前理论工作来确定。以16O为核芯,通过加入不同类型超子（∧,Ξ0,-和∑+,0,-）,比较了超子的平均势场和单粒子能级,并研究了对核芯的杂质效应。整体上看,∧和Ξ0超子在大块性质上类似;Ξ0超子平均势场最浅;库仑相互作用对于带电超子Ξ-,∑+和∑-非常重要。作为杂质,原子核中加入超子会使整个体系更束缚。然而,不同超子对原子核的半径有不同效应。此外,讨论了ωYY张量耦合,发现其对超子的能级劈裂有显著影响,甚至导致Ξ超子中出现能级反转现象。Single ∧, Ξ, and ∑ hypernuclei are systematically studied within the framework of relativistic mean-field (RMF) model with YN interactions being constrained according to the experimental data and previous theoretical efforts. By adding a hyperon to 16O, the mean-field potentials and single-particle levels for hyperons (∧, Ξ0,-, and ∑+,0,-) are compared and the impurity effects on the nuclear core are examined. In general, the ∧ and ∑0 hyperons show similar behaviors in bulk properties since both of them are electroneutral and with similar coupling constants; Ξ0 hyperon owns the shallowest mean-field potential well; and Coulomb interactions play vital roles in the charged Ξ-, ∑-, and ∑+ hyperons. As an impurity, the intruded single-hyperon makes the nuclear system more bound in most cases due to the attractive NY interaction. However, very different effects on the nucleon radii are observed for different hyperons. Besides, the effects of the ωYY tensor couplings on the spin-orbit splitting are discussed, and remarkable influences are found which even change the level ordering of Ξ hyperon.     

∧超核中单粒子谱的自旋及赝自旋对称性研究(英文)

原子核中单粒子谱的自旋和赝自旋对称性对核结构的研究具有重要意义。本文基于相对论平均场理论,以132Sn,_∧133Sn,及_2∧134Sn为例,研究了∧超核中单∧谱和单中子谱的自旋和赝自旋对称性。研究发现,单∧谱的自旋对称性保持得相当好,与实验观测一致;而其赝自旋对称性只是近似保持,与核子谱的情况类似。此外,还研究了∧超子对中子谱的杂质效应,发现∧超子使中子谱的自旋对称性变差,赝自旋对称性变好。Spin and pseudospin symmetries in the single-particle spectra of atomic nuclei are of great significance for the study of nuclear structure. In this work, taking 132Sn, _∧133Sn, and _2∧134Sn as examples, the spin and pseudospin symmetries in ∧ hypernuclei are studied by using the relativistic mean-field model. For the single-∧ spectra, results show that the spin symmetry maintains well while the pseudospin symmetry is approximately conserved. Besides, as impurities, the ∧ hyperons worsen the spin symmetry of single-neutron spectra while improve the pseudospin symmetry.     

核物质中的夸克凝聚

核物质中的夸克凝聚是在夸克层次研究核物理遇到的基本问题之一,特别是,它与核环境下强子性质的研究紧密相关．近年来,国内外对此开展了若干研究．简要介绍这方面的研究现状和指出存在的问题． Quark condensates in nuclear matter are one of the key problems for the study of nuclear physics at quark lever, and it is related closely to a deeper understanding of the properties of hadrons in nuclear matter. Recently we have seen some investigations made of the above subject. The present status and open problems are described in this paper.     

Progress in p-shell Λ hypernuclear spectroscopy

The strangeness nuclear physics is an important branch of nuclear physics. The spectroscopic study of A hypernuclei has been used as a tool for investigating the A-N interaction as well as probing the nuclear interior structure. In this paper some high-lights and open questions in the spectroscopic study of p-shell h hypernuclei are presented.     

Properties of deformed Λ hypernuclei

The properties of Be and B isotopes and the corresponding Λ hypernuclei are studied by using a deformed Skyrme Hartree-Fock approach with realistic nucleonic Skyrme forces, pairing correlations, and a microscopically determined lambda-nucleon interaction based on Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculations of hypernuclear matter. The results suggest that the core nuclei and the corresponding hypernuclei have similar deformations with the same sign.     

奇异强子与核子的相互作用

包含s夸克的强子称为奇异强子,它与核子相互作用的研究近年来有了长足发展 .在指出这种研究的重要意义后,从实验和理论两方面介绍奇异强子 (主要是K介子和超子 )与核子相互作用的研究现状及方法等 ,包括运动学和动力学机制、介子交换模型和夸克模型解释诸方面的问题. We try to highlight some of the key issues regarding the interactions between strange hadron and nucleon, which relate to the kinematics and dynamics mechanism, meson exchange model and quark model. Starting from a brief introduction on the main research goals, we focus on the status of experimental and theoretical investigations of kaon nucleon and hyperon nucleon interactions, which may be considered to be a necessary basis for the studies of nuclear physics with strangeness.     

Progress in hypernuclear physics

The recent progress in hypernuclear physics is discussed in this paper. The topics include recent results on hypernuclear gamma-ray spectroscopy, non-mesonic weak decay, and double- hypernuclei. Future prospects at the 50 GeV PS are also discussed.Received: 30 September 2002, Published online: 22 October 2003PACS: 21.80. + a Hypernuclei - 25.80.-e Meson- and hyperon-induced reactions     

The Role of One Single Lambda Hyperon on Binding Energy Difference of Hypernuclear Mirror Pair

Investigation on isospin symmetry in light Lambda hypernuclei is one of the most important issues in hypernuclear physics. In order to know the influences introduced by a single Lambda hyperon, we study the binding energy difference of mirror hypernuclear pair with mass A=16, 18, 28, 40, and 42 using a time-odd triaxial relativistic mean field theory. Effects as the spin-orbit interaction, the time-odd component of vector fields, the core polarization, the proton-neutron mass difference, and the center-of-mass energy correction are self-consistently considered. Compared to the reported results of ordinary nuclei, the binding energy difference of mirror hypernuclei shows trivial change. With core polarization modified by an impurity hyperon, the isospin nonconserving effect between proton and neutron is hardly reduced for nuclei in study.     

The Third Generation (e,e′K~+) A Hypernuclear Spectroscopy at Jlab

We are now preparing for the third generation (e,e′K~+) A hypernuclear spectroscopic experiment at Hall C,Jefferson Lab (USA).The goal of the experiment is the precise spectroscopy of hypernuclei in wide mass region.We have constructed a new high resolution electron spectrometer "HES" dedicated to (e,e′K~+) hypernuclear study in Japan and it was shipped to JLab in February,2008.We will discuss about the physics of the (e,e′K~+) hypernuclear study at JLab and report the current preparation status of the third generatrion experiment.     

Hypernuclear Spectroscopy with Stable Heavy Ion Beams and Rare-isotope Beams:HypHI Project at GSI and FAIR

The international HypHI collaboration proposes to perform hypernuclear spectroscopy with stable heavy ion beams and rare isotope beams at GSI and FAIR in order to study neutron and proton rich hypernuclei and to measure directly hypernuclear magnetic moments for the first time.The project is divided into four phases.In the first Phase 0 experiment,the feasibility of precise hypernuclear spectroscopy with heavy ion beams will be demonstrated by observing π~- decay channels of ~e_ΛH,~4_ΛH and ~5_ΛHe with ~6Li projectiles at 2 AGeV impinging on a ~(12)C target.In the later Phases 1 through 3,studies of proton and neutron rich hypernuclei,direct measurements of hypernuclear magnetic moments and the spectroscopy of hypernuclei toward the nucleon drip-lines are planned.     

Production of fragments with and without strangeness within a combined BUU + SMM approach

The formation of hypernuclei in hadron-induced reactions and in heavy-ion collisions within a combination of a covariant transport model and a statistical fragmentation approach is investigated. We study the applicability and limitations of such a hybrid approach by comparing fragmentation data in heavy-ion collisions and proton-induced reactions. It turns out that the combined approach describes fairly well multiplicities and momentum spectra of fragments. We thus extend the model by including strangeness degrees of freedom in the fragmentation process, modeled by a phase-space coalescence method. We provide theoretical predictions on spectra and on inclusive cross sections of light hypernuclei for the future experiments on hypernuclear physics at the new GSI facility.     

Strangeness at J-PARC

Strangeness nuclear physics is one of the main fields to be explored at the J-PARC Hadron Hall. The K ^?? and π ^± beams at the K1.8 beam line will be used mostly for hypernuclear experiments. The γ-spectroscopy of Λ hypernuclei using the K ^??,π ^?? reaction and the spectroscopy of neutron-rich hypernuclei via the π ^??,K ^?+? reaction are planned to be studied. As for Strangeness =???2 systems, experiments for Ξ hypernuclear spectroscopy via the K ^??,K ^?+? reaction, double Λ hypernuclei by the hybrid emulsion method, and Ξ^?-atomic X rays will be carried out.     

CSR上可能的超核物理研究

对近年来超核物理在理论上及实验上的进展作了简介, 结合即将建成的兰州重离子加速器, 给出了一些可行性的超核物理研究.     

Exchange reactions with Dick Dalitz

An account is given of the close collaboration of Dick Dalitz with the European K⁻ Collaboration over many decades in many aspects of hypernuclear physics. In particular, emphasis is given to the topics of double hypernuclei and the discovery and resolution of p-wave Λ strangeness exchange states. A brief review of early work on non-mesonic decays of hypernuclei is also given.     

A phenomenological study of a charge-symmetry-breaking component in λN interaction

Here, we make an indirect phenomenological study of the possible presence of a CSB component in the λN interaction in medium and heavy hypernuclei using a semi-empirical formula for the difference in the ground stateB _λ of hypernuclear isobars. We find that light hypernuclei are better suited than heavier hypernuclei for such information.