Phase transitions in lattices of magnetic dipoles

Hexagonal magnetic-dipole lattices containing three to six rows are investigated. Conditions of the excitation of phase transitions that change the orientation configuration of the system are revealed on the basis of a numerical analysis. The changes in the magnetic moment of the system and in the energy of dipole-dipole interaction upon the emergence of phase transitions are found. Both symmetric phase transitions propagating identically on the two sides of the lattice away from the excitation region and asymmetric phase transitions such in which the configurations of the system to the left and to the right of the excitation region are different are considered. Conditions under which there occur unidirectional phase transitions in which either the left-or the right-hand front of the phase transition propagates along the lattice are found.     

Equilibrium configurations and phase transitions in dipole lattices

Two-dimensional square and hexagonal lattices of magnetic dipoles with the number of rows 1–4 have been studied. Based on the numerical analysis, equilibrium stable domain configurations, including the minimum number of lattice dipoles, have been revealed; the conditions for the creation and destruction of domains have been determined; and their associated changes in the magnetic moment of the lattice and in the energy of the dipole interaction have been found. The conditions for the occurrence of phase transitions that change the configuration of the lattices have been investigated and the conditions for unidirectional propagation of the front of the phase transition have been established. A comparative analysis of different square and hexagonal lattices has been performed in terms of the specific features of the formed domains and the observed orientation phase transitions.     

Phase transitions in a two-dimensional dipole ferrimagnet

The magnetic configurations of the system of magnetic dipoles that have different values and are arranged in a staggered order on a square lattice are studied. A numerical simulation is used to study the phase transitions in the system when the mismatch between the dipoles changes. The restructuring of the magnetic configuration of the system induced by a change in the mismatch is shown to proceed via sequential second-order phase transitions between collinear and noncollinear phases. The numerical simulation results are supported by analytical calculations performed with trial functions.     

Phase transitions in AgTaO3 single crystals

AgTaO₃ single crystals have been obtained by the molten salt method; two different solvents, AgCl and V₂O₅, were used. X-ray investigations have been carried out in the temperature region from 300 K to 800 K. At room temperature AgTaO₃ possesses a pseudocubic perovskite-type unit cell with rhombohedral distortion. Two structural phase transitions, to tetragonal at 650 K and to cubic symmetry at 770 K, have been observed. In the tetragonal phase a jump of the lattice constants has been observed at approximately 680 K. DTA and domain structure investigations confirm the presence of these phase transitions.     

Analytical approach to quantum phase transitions of ultracold Bose gases in bipartite optical lattices using the generalized Green’s function method

In order to investigate the quantum phase transitions and the time-of-flight absorption pictures analytically in a systematic way for ultracold Bose gases in bipartite optical lattices, we present a generalized Green’s function method. Utilizing this method, we study the quantum phase transitions of ultracold Bose gases in two types of bipartite optical lattices, i.e., a hexagonal lattice with normal Bose–Hubbard interaction and a d-dimensional hypercubic optical lattice with extended Bose–Hubbard interaction. Furthermore, the time-of-flight absorption pictures of ultracold Bose gases in these two types of lattices are also calculated analytically. In hexagonal lattice, the time-of-flight interference patterns of ultracold Bose gases obtained by our analytical method are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results of Soltan-Panahi, et al. [Nat. Phys. 7, 434 (2011)]. In square optical lattice, the emergence of peaks at \(\left( { \pm \frac{\pi }{a}, \pm \frac{\pi }{a}} \right)\) in the time-of-flight absorption pictures, which is believed to be a sort of evidence of the existence of a supersolid phase, is clearly seen when the system enters the compressible phase from charge-density-wave phase.     

Atomistic and lattice model of a grain boundary defaceting phase transition

Recent calculations have shown that grain boundary (GB) stress is too small to stabilize finite GB facets, suggesting that the existing theory of GB defaceting phase transitions is incomplete. We perform molecular dynamics calculations, which show a reversible phase transition at approximately 400 K with a concerted shuffle of two atoms at the facet junction as the elementary excitation. Based on this excitation we formulate an appropriate lattice model, perform Monte Carlo simulations, and establish an analytical relationship between the elementary excitation energy and the transition temperature.     

Bose-Einstein condensates in rotating lattices

Strongly interacting bosons in a two-dimensional rotating square lattice are investigated via a modified Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. Such a system corresponds to a rotating lattice potential imprinted on a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. Second-order quantum phase transitions between states of different symmetries are observed at discrete rotation rates. For the square lattice we study, there are four possible ground-state symmetries.     

Luminescence of Mn ions in ordered and disordered LiAl5O8

The phosphorescence and excitation spectra of Mn ions in the ordered and disordered phases of LiAl₅O₈ have been measured. In both phases Mn²⁺ ions substitute for Al³⁺ ions in two different tetrahedral sites of the LiAl₅O₈ lattice. In both sites in the ordered phase, sharp zero-phonon transitions have been observed in the low temperature phosphorescence and excitation spectra - these transitions were considerably broadened in the disordered phase due to crystal field inhomogeneity in that phase. The deviation from neutrality caused by the Mn²⁺ ions in the ordered phase is largely compensated by Mn⁴⁺ ions occupying octahedral Al³⁺ sites. On disordering, a large proportion of Mn⁴⁺ is reduced to Mn²⁺, while the remainder takes up a site with a higher proportion of Li⁺ ions as next nearest neighbours. This leads to an increase in the ionicity of the Mn⁴⁺ site in the disordered phase and hence to a larger value of the Racah parameter B.     

Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of magnetic dispersed nanosystems

The temperature dependence of the complex magnetic susceptibility of different magnetic nano-colloids and finely dispersed magnetite powder is studied. The results are explained with allowance for the magnetic moment relaxation in single-domain particles and phase transitions in a system of interacting dipoles.     

The ground state phase diagrams and low-energy excitation of dimer XXZ spin ladder

We study the ground state and low-energy excitation of dimer XXZ spin ladder with Heisenberg and XXZ interactions along the rung and rail directions, respectively. Using a bond operator method, we get low-energy effective Hamiltonians in different parameter regions. Based on those low-energy effective Hamiltonians, we set up the ground state phase diagrams and investigate the properties of low-energy excitation in each phase. We will show that the results are exact one when the XXZ interactions along rail reduce to the Ising type. The quantum Monte Carlo and exact diagonalization methods are also applied to the finite system to verify the exact nature of the phases, the phase transitions and the low-energy excitation. Of all the phases, we pay a special attention to the gapped antiferromagnetic phase, which is disclosed to be a non-trivial one that exhibits the time-reversal symmetry. We also discuss how our findings could be realized and detected by using cold atoms in optical lattice.     

Disorder induced transitions in layered coulomb gases and superconductors

A 3D layered system of charges with logarithmic interaction parallel to the layers and random dipoles is studied via a novel variational method and an energy rationale which reproduces the known phase diagram for a single layer. Increasing interlayer coupling leads to successive transitions in which charge rods correlated in N>1 neighboring layers are nucleated by weaker disorder. For layered superconductors in the limit of only magnetic interlayer coupling, the method predicts and locates a disorder induced defect-unbinding transition in the flux lattice. While N = 1 charges dominate there, N>1 disorder induced defect rods are predicted for multilayer superconductors.     

Dynamic multistable states in a system of magnetic dipoles

Bistable and multistable states induced by a fluctuating magnetic field in a system of four magnetic dipoles were studied numerically. The possibility of performing switchings and cyclic transitions between the different oscillatory regimes by changing field parameters is examined, along with the possibility of creating conditions under which the system is sensitive to noise signals.     

Extremely small domain in the lattice of magnetic dipoles

Lattices of magnetic dipoles with 1–4 rows are investigated. Numerical analysis reveals the smallest stationary domains formed in the lattices, necessary conditions for the formation and destruction of such domains are obtained, and the change in the magnetic moment of the lattices during domain formation is considered. It is shown that the action of an external field on one of the dipoles forming a domain is sufficient for its breaking. The lattices in which the orientational phase transition appears upon perturbation of several dipoles and propagates over the entire system are revealed.     

Equilibrium configurations and transitions between them in annular magnetic nanodipole systems

The equilibrium states of annular systems of magnetic dipoles have been studied by computer simulation. The bistability conditions under which the total magnetic moment of one of equilibrium configurations is zero, while the magnetic moment of another equilibrium configuration lies in the ring plane and is close to the sum of the magnetic moments of dipoles in the system, have been determined. The realization of other equilibrium configurations has also been demonstrated. We analyze transitions between equilibrium configurations by acting on the system by longitudinal and circular static fields, as well as transitions from the configuration with the maximal magnetic moment of the system to the configuration with zero total magnetic moment after the relaxation of oscillatory regimes excited by a varying field.     

Phase transitions and crystalline structures in neutron star cores

The mixed phase of a fully equilibrated nuclear system that is asymmetric in isospin (i.e. in charge) will develop a geometrical structure of the rarer phase immersed in the dominant one. This happens because the isospin asymmetry energy will exploit the degree of freedom available to a system of more than one independent component (or conserved charge) by rearranging the proportion of charge to baryon number between the two equilibrium phases so as to lower the energy; that is, to effectively reduce the isospin asymmetry in the normal nuclear phase. Consequently, the two phases will have opposite charge; competition between Coulomb and surface energy will be resolved by formation of a Coulomb lattice of the rarer phase situated at sites in the dominant phase. The geometric form, size, and spacing of the phase occupying the lattice sites will depend on the pressure or density of matter. Thus, a neutron star containing a mixed phase region of whatever kind, will have a varying geometric structure of one phase embedded in the other. This is expected to effect transport properties of the star as well as to effect the glitch behavior of pulsars that contain a mixed phase region. We study in particular, the quark deconfinement and kaon condensation phase transitions as examples of this general phenomenon.     

Stochastic models for the depolarization of immobile spins by single diffusing impurities

The structure of one-dimensional systems with a half-filled band is discussed. In addition to lattice coordinates several intramonomer coordinates are considered. It is found that the system distorts and dimerizes (Peierls distortion). The distortions can be caused by lattice coordinates, by intramonomer coordinates or by both types of coordinates simultaneously. Thereby the various intramonomer degrees of freedom act cooperatively. The interplay between the intramonomer and lattice coordinates may induce new types of phase transitions with critical temperatures below the usual Peierls transition. Depending on the values of the effective matrix elements up to two of these new transitions may occur for a given system. The impact of these additional phase transitions on the specific heat, energy gap and lattice structure is discussed.     

极性相变的介电谱研究

用时域和频域方法研究了(Ba_1-xSr_x)TiO₃陶瓷的极性相变.类似于单晶的铁电相变所观察到的晶格软化,屏蔽电荷激发和畴运动讯号外,在陶瓷中还出现空间电荷运动的强讯号.空间电荷和电畴属于凝聚态物质的高级结构,它提供慢极化效应.慢效应使频域测量结果不能得到确定值.从统计观点给出高级结构的历史记忆效应对频域测量结果的影响;解释了频域介电常量的倒数在一级结构的转变中发生线性软化,而在高级结构的转变中发生抛物型软化. 关键词：     

Fermionic Representation of Two-Dimensional Dimer Models

Dimer models in two dimensions give rise to well-known statistical lattice problems, which can be exactly solved by the same combinatorial techniques associated with the Ising model and which have been used to account for the phase transitions in a number of physically interesting systems. More recently, dimer models have been regarded as classical limits of the quantum ground state of some antiferromagnetic systems. We then revisit an early transfer-matrix calculation for the dimer model on the simple square lattice. We write a spin representation for the transfer matrix associated with the canonical partition function of two paradigmatic dimers models, on the 4–8 lattice, with an Ising-type transition, and on the brick lattice, with a peculiar commensurate–incommensurate transition. Using standard techniques, the problem is reduced to the calculation of the eigenvalues of a system of free fermions.     

Magnetic ground state and spin waves in A(A = K, Rb or Cs)Fe1.5Se2

We present theoretical results on the ground state phase diagram, spin waves and dynamic structure factor on the J₁-J₂ model. In the reasonable physical parameter region corresponding to AFe_1.5Se₂, the A-collinear antiferromagnetic phase is stable. The spin wave spectra have two acoustic branches and four optical branches for this phase on the rhombus-ordered vacancy lattice, and each of them is twofold degenerate. However, they have one nondegenerate acoustic branch and two nondegenerate optical branches on the square-ordered vacancy lattice. To offer the theoretical guidance for the further experiments, we also discuss the magnetic excitation spectra and the inelastic neutron scattering pattern based on linear spin wave theory.