聚酯织物表面耐用超疏水涂层的制备及在油水分离中的应用

使用在含有甲基MQ(M:单官能团Si-O单元R₃SiO_1/2, Q:四官能团Si-O单元SiO₂)硅树脂与疏水SiO₂的二甲苯溶液中浸渍的方法,在聚酯织物表面制备了耐用超疏水涂层。经过处理后,微米级聚酯纤维表面被紧密的疏水纳米颗粒包裹,通过这种方法降低了纤维的表面能。聚酯织物展现出良好的超疏水特性,与水滴的静态接触角为156°,滚动角为5°。得到的超疏水聚酯织物在机械磨损、酸碱环境及紫外线照射条件下,表现出了良好的稳定性。此外,用超疏水聚酯织物作为过滤材料得到的油水分离效率达99%以上。该方法为大面积工业制备超疏水织物提供了新的思路。     

原位聚合法制备PANI/PET导电织物及其性能分析

在聚酯纤维基材及其织物表面,原位聚合形成厚度约1~2μm聚苯胺包覆层,制得聚苯胺(PANI)/聚酯(PET)导电织物.PANI层优异的导电性能使之成为有广阔发展前景的柔性电磁屏蔽材料.正交试验分析研究了苯胺单体浓度、氧化剂:苯胺摩尔比、掺杂酸浓度、反应时间对PANI包覆层外观形态、与基体结合牢度以及导电性的影响.实验表明:在经适当前处理的PET基材表面,以苯胺单体浓度为0.25mol/L、氧化剂与苯胺摩尔比为1∶1、掺杂酸浓度0.5 mol/L、反应时间60 min、反应温度为0~20℃时制备的PANI/PET导电织物方阻最小,导电性最好;掺杂酸酸性越强,导电性越好.SEM、FTIR及XRD测试表明涤纶织物表面有均匀连续的聚苯胺膜存在.分析表明聚苯胺分子链中氧化结构与还原结构含量基本相等,说明聚苯胺渗入纤维内部,使纤维无定形区面积增加,结晶度减小.     

氢氧化钠对聚酯纤维(PET)降解或水解作用的探讨

<正> 涤纶纤维或织物经碱处理后,表层部分溶解,纤维变细变软,光泽柔和有类似真丝的特点。有关有机胺和无机碱对聚酯纤维(PET)降解或水解作用的探讨,Namboori等用20％;氢氧化钾在98℃对涤纶进行处理,结论是时间增加,纤维变细,强度下降,如果强度按纤度计算,变化不大,保持在3.7—4.2g/d。因此他推论水解在作用在纤维表面进行,不     

改性聚酯异形中空微孔纤维性能研究

利用不同的异形喷丝板,将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)与不同间苯二甲酸- 5- 磺酸基团摩尔含量的共聚酯(HCDP)共混纺丝,制得一系列改性聚酯纤维.改性纤维的断裂强度随共混HCDP中磺酸基团摩尔含量的增加呈现下降趋势,但该趋势在磺酸基团含量达到一定数量后出现回升.纤维对阳离子染料的吸收率随磺酸基团摩尔含量的增加而增加,但对分散染料而言此差异较小,并且不论何种染料,纤维横截面的变化对上染率的影响均不明显.碱处理对纤维上染率影响巨大.纤维保水率与纤维碱处理后形成的具有毛细效应的微孔结构以及异型纤维本身形成的毛细结构有密切关系,而且纤维对水分的传输性能在很大程度上取决于纤维的横截面形状,纤维碱处理后形成的微孔特别是透孔结构有助于输水性能的改善.     

高性能纤维表面改性及其双马树脂基复合材料界面

采用电感耦合射频等离子体(ICP)和介质阻挡放电(DBD)低温等离子体对高性能连续纤维表面进行改性,分别采用X光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和动态接触角测定仪(DCA)等分析测试手段系统地研究了等离子体处理时间、放电功率、放电气压等对连续碳纤维、聚苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维改性处理前后,纤维表面状态、表面组成、表面形貌、浸润性能的变化规律以及经等离子体处理前后纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料界面结构与性能的影响关系及变化规律、复合材料界面粘结和破坏机理.研究结果表明,经过等离子体处理后,纤维表面接枝上了大量的含羧基、羟基等极性官能团,表面粗糙度增加,表面自由能增加,纤维浸润性能得到明显改善,导致纤维与双马树脂基体界面层间剪切强度(ILSS)明显提高,复合材料的破坏模式由未处理的界面脱粘破坏转变为等离子体处理后的树脂基体破坏.最后,对纤维表面时效性及其对纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料界面性能的影响关系也进行了论述.     

氨基官能化聚乳酸电纺纤维的制备、 表征和应用

通过聚乳酸(PLA)和氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)混合进行静电纺丝制备氨基官能化聚乳酸纳米纤维. 采用滴定法测定了纤维表面氨基含量, 证明当KH550的添加量为3%~13%(质量分数)时, 有19%~26%的氨基出现在纤维的表面. 利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、 差示扫描量热(DSC)仪、 接触角测试仪和电子拉伸机对纤维形貌、 PLA的玻璃化转变温度和熔点以及纤维膜的亲水性和力学性能进行了表征. 结果表明, KH550的加入可以在电纺纤维表面引入氨基, 同时使纤维直径变细, 使PLA的玻璃化转变温度上升, 熔点下降, 电纺纤维膜的亲水性略有增加, 力学性能有所下降. 通过吸附将金纳米粒子负载到氨基官能化聚乳酸电纺纤维膜上, 得到负载型催化剂, 对硼氢化钠还原对硝基苯酚的反应具有良好的催化活性和重复使用性.     

共聚酯PEIT-PEG结构与性能的研究

PET与PEG共聚可改善PET的抗静电性，但PEG含量的增加，会使共聚物的结晶温度大幅度地降低，不利于纤维加工，且伴随着结晶的发生，纤维的抗静电性也受到影响。在共聚体系中添加间苯二甲酸(IPA)，不仅能破坏大分子链结构的规整性、降低共聚酯的结晶性，而且能提高共聚酯纤雏的抗静电性能。用DSC与TG对共聚酯(PEIT-PEG)的聚集态结构、热性能、结晶性能等进行了表征。     

高效光热转化发热聚酯纤维的制备与性能研究

采用熔融共混挤出,将高效率光热转化粉末材料碳化钛(TiC)均匀分散到聚酯中,再以制备的复合聚酯材料与聚酯进行共混、熔融纺丝,即制备得到不同比例的TiC的高效光热转化发热聚酯纤维。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、NETZSCH热失重仪、红外测温仪等手段测试了所制备发热聚酯纤维的光热转化性能和发热性能。结果表明,含有0.5%碳化钛发热粉体的发热聚酯纤维在充分满足服用纤维机械强度标准的同时还可以很好地将温度控制在人体比较舒适的温度。     

涤纶着色剂对聚酯熔体流变性能和纤维结构性能的影响

本文用流变仪、X-射线衍射、DSC、电子显微镜等方法研究了涤纶色母粒中着色剂对聚酯熔体流变性能和纤维热性能以及结晶取向的影响。研究结果表明,在工业常用色含量的聚酯中,颜料起着阻流作用,可溶性染料起着增流作用。聚酯的玻璃化温度Tg、结晶温度Tc、熔化温度Tm、晶体取向、着色纤维的物理结构性能没有明显变化。在色含量增加时,聚酯中的颜料碳黑没有影响聚脂Tg、Tm和结晶度,Tc稍有降低。可溶性染料对Tg没有影响,对Tc、Tm、特性粘度、结晶度、晶体长度略有影响;色含量增高,其数值稍有下降。碳黑在聚酯里以球粒状分散,可溶性染料溶于熔化聚酯成为均相物质,但在含量较高时,着色聚酯为海岛状两相结构。     

石墨纤维氧化表面处理对环氧树脂界面粘合影响的研究

<正> 由于石墨纤维表面能较低,因此石墨纤维/树脂复合材料的界面粘合情况极为重要,为了阐明界面的粘合机理,需要对石墨纤维的表面特性如表面活化能、浸润性、表面积、表面化学基团等方面进行研究,为了提高复合材料的层间剪切强度,常常用各种方法对石墨纤维的表面进行处理,以期改变纤维表面的物理和化学结构来增加纤维和环氧树脂     

WAXS analysis of structural changes of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers induced by supercritical-fluid dyeing

 Supercritical CO₂ fluid, a new environmentally friendly dyeing medium, changes the fiber structure to a certain extent in dependence on the treatment temperature and pressure used. Therefore the changes of crystalline structure in poly(ethylene tereph-thalate) (PET) fibers as brought about under the influence of supercritical CO₂ fluid were investigated. For the data collection of wide-angle X-ray diffraction full patterns a two-circle goniometer, equipped with a position sensitive detector, was used. From the observed two-dimensional fiber diffraction patterns the crystallinities of various treated fibers were evaluated. The equatorial scanning yielded the dimensions of crystallites. To elucidate the fiber-surface morphology changes SEM analyses were performed. The supercritical fluid dyeing of PET fibers with highly developed microfibrillar structure under taut-ends conditions promotes changes which are characterized by an increase in crystallinity and by diminution of the apparent crystallite dimensions. Some changes of surface morphology of dyed fibers were observed as well. Received: 14 May 1997 Accepted: 23 September 1997     

Anthraquinone and Azo Dyes in Dyeing Processes of PET Films and PET Knitted Fabrics Using Supercritical CO2 Medium

Summary: Dyeing processes using supercritical fluid present advantages over the conventional dyeing process using aqueous medium. Previous works from our group on polymeric fibers such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) modified poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, showed higher sorption of disperse dyes in supercritical medium. Furthermore, recent studies showed that the association of UV radiation and DMAAm treatment leads to a better incorporation of dyes in modified PET soaked in aqueous medium. In this work, modified and non-modified PET knitted fabrics (KF) were dyed in supercritical CO₂ medium. Azo and anthraquinone dyes were used in order to compare the extent of incorporated dye in PET films and PET KF in supercritical CO₂. The dyeing process variables were studied by factorial design and by a response surface methodology (RSM) technique. The anthraquinone dye presented a better incorporation in PET than the azo dye. The UV light exposure and the dyeing times inputs showed positive main effects in the incorporation of dyes in PET films and PET KF. From the RSM data, DMAAm and UV light modified PET KF presented 7.43 mg of incorporated azo dye by g of PET if the optimized dyeing conditions, time: 135 min and pressure: 212 bar would be used. In the respective optimized dyeing conditions for the anthraquinone dye, time 150 min and pressure 229 bar, the incorporated dye would be 22.9 mg of dye by g of PET.     

液态及超临界CO_2萃取八角茴香油的研究

本文用液态及超临界CO_2对八角茴香油进行了萃取研究，在萃取压力为20．0～25．0MPa的条件下，详细地考察了临界温度上下萃取温度和解析温度对出油率和油的表观相态的影响，结果表明，萃取温度越高和／或解析温度越低出油率越低；用液体CO_2萃取比用超临界CO_2萃取的出油率要高得多；萃取温度大约在318K以下或解析温度在临界温度以下时，萃取所得八角茴香油都有明显分层现象．     

应用超临界CO2制备微孔聚丙烯的微孔形貌

研究了应用超临界CO2技术制备微孔聚丙烯时发泡条件和聚丙烯(PP)的熔体强度对微孔形貌的影响。结果表明:在一定的饱和压力下,随着温度的升高,PP的变形能力改善,有利于泡孔的长大。随着饱和压力的增加,PP的熔点降低,升高压力和升高温度具有一定的等同作用。由于CO2在PP内分散的不同,高压低温时得到的泡孔比高温低压时得到的泡孔要规整。降压速率对泡孔形貌的影响因饱和压力的大小而异,饱和压力较高时随着降压速率的提高,孔密度增加,泡孔形貌经历了一个从球体到多面体转变的过程。由于PP熔体强度较低,在发泡温度和PP熔点之间非常接近时,CO2气体容易冲破孔壁而使泡孔呈开孔结构。     

Relaxation of Chain Extension of Amorphous PET Fiber Above the Glass Transition Temperature

The average relaxation time for segmental orientation is considerably shorter than that for chain extension1,2, due to the difference of the ability to move between segments and chains. So in certain time intervals, an almost total relaxation of the segmental orientation can take place with little relaxation of global chain extension. Under the controlled conditions1,3, high global chain orientation but nearly random segmental orientation (GOLR) state can be achieved. Through the hot shrinka…     

Study of molecular orientation in poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers by fluorescence polarization

Molecular orientation in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers was studied by polarized fluorescence. The observed amorphous orientation of the spun as fiber was not random but uniaxial along the fiber axis. This orientation increased with draw ratio up to about 2 and then remained fairly constant. The amorphous regions of PET fibers were disoriented when the fibers were heated while unconstrained. The fluorescence data obtained were correlated with shrinkage measurements. Fluorescence data indicated that spin drawing had more effect upon orientation than subsequent drawing of the fiber, whereas birefringence data indicated the opposite. The reason for this behavior is discussed.     

Effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on the crystallization and melting behavior of linear bisphenol A polycarbonate

The crystallization and melting behavior of bisphenol A polycarbonate treated with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) has been investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. Supercritical CO₂ depresses the crystallization temperature (T_c) of polycarbonate (PC). The lower melting point of PC crystals increase nonlinearly with increasing treatment temperature. This indicates that the depression of T_c is not a constant at the same pressure. T_c decreases faster at a higher treatment temperature than at a lower temperature. The leveling off of the depression in T_c at higher pressures is due to the antiplasticization effect of the hydrostatic pressure of CO₂. The melting curves of PC show two melting endotherms. The lower melting peak moves to a higher temperature with increasing treatment temperature, pressure, and time. The higher temperature peak moves toward a higher temperature as the treatment temperature is increased, whereas this peak is independent of the treatment pressure, time, and heating rate. The double melting peaks observed for PC can be attributed to the melting of crystals with different stability mechanisms. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 280–285, 2004     

高取向聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维的热收缩应力

为得到具有更高拉伸强度和模量的半晶聚合物纤维,需要使分子链充分结晶和取向,然而这种高度取向样品受热时,随着温度的升高,取向的非晶态分子链熵力增大,解取向可以自发进行.在外加张力较小时,纤维产生热收缩;在定长状态下,表现为外加张力增大,此过程被视为取向材料中＂冻结＂内应力的释放,通常将这种内应力称为热收缩应力。     

PVCH-PE-PVCH三嵌段共聚物在超临界CO2中的熔融再结晶行为

本研究组在前期研究中发现, 改变溶剂的挥发速率可以调节体系中PE结晶和PVCH玻璃化之间的竞争, 进而调节PE结晶的受限程度. 超临界二氧化碳(scCO2)是一种非极性溶剂, 其对无定形聚合物(如PS)有很强的溶胀作用, 可显著降低聚合物的玻璃化转变温度, 提高原来被冻结的高分子链的活动能力. PVCH的分子结构与PS相似, 研究结果表明, scCO2对PVCH组分也有很强的溶胀能力, 导致PVCH的玻璃化转变温度降低, 从而可以改变PE嵌段的受限状态. 本文研究了PVCH-PE-PVCH在scCO2中的熔融再结晶行为.     

一种支氏液晶共聚酯的合成

在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯与对羟基苯甲酸 (HBA)形成的共聚酯 (PET HBA)分子链中 ,引入具有分形结构的单体———三羟基苯 (TOP) ,以降低其熔点 ,改善加工性能 .考察乙酰化时间、缩聚时间、压力、TOP和HBA加入量对新型分形共聚酯的对数比浓粘度的影响规律 ,以及TOP和HBA加入量对新型分形共聚酯的熔点和液晶清亮点的影响 .TOP的加入能使PET HBA共聚酯的熔点下降 10℃以上 ,而液晶清亮点没有变化 ,拓宽了液晶区域