影响微量元素代谢的因素

1．微量元素的化学形态：微量元素的化学形态决定其脂溶性和溶解度等，对微量元素的代谢有较大的影响。食源性（外源性）微量元素的状态，诸如价态、与之结合的功能团（配位体）、电负性、化学结构、酸碱性、颗粒的表面张力等都与微量元素的代谢有密切的关系。     

老年慢性支气管炎急性发作期病人头发微量元素的测定与分析

为观察老年慢性支气管炎急性发作期头发中微量元素的变化,测定了50例老年慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者和40例正常对照组头发中锌、铁、铜、钙、锰、铅6种元素含量。结果表明,慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者发中锌、铁、铜、钙含量明显低正常对照组（P＜0．01）。提示头发中微量元素减少与慢性支气管炎易反复感染有一定的关系。     

反复呼吸道感染与微量元素的相关性研究

为探讨反复呼吸道感染与微量元素锌、铜、铁、钙的关系,剪取枕后下头发0．5－1g,采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法检测了头发微量元素。结果表明：（1）反复呼吸道感染患儿发锌、铜、铁、钙含量明显低于正常健康儿童,差异有极显著性（P均＜0．01）。（2）反复呼吸道感染患儿经过补充微量元素后,发锌、铜、锌、钙含量明显高于补充微量元素前,有显著性（P＜0．01或＜0．05）。（3）56例反复呼吸道感染患儿经过补充微量元素后,随访其后1年内呼吸道感染次数的变化,明显减少者占80．4％;基本没变者占19．6％。可见,微量元素缺乏是引起反复呼吸道感染的重要原因之一。补充微量元素可减少呼吸道感染的次数。     

空气—乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱测定人发中铜铁锌钙镁

经研究表明,很多疾病的发生,均与人体中微量元素的失调有关.人发中各种微量元素其含量一般比血清和尿液中高出几十倍到几百倍,且呈不可逆状态,比较稳定,并且是连续性的将丰富的人体信息通过微量元素谱储存于“记录丝”中,所以通过人发测定人体中微量元素,越来越受到医学和保健学等方面的重视.本法采用干法灰化毛发样品,然后用盐酸提取,转入比色管中,用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜、铁、锌、钙、镁,测定钙、镁可镧盐或二氯化锶作释放剂消除干扰.     

介绍一个针对非化学专业的化学科普实验——头发中微量元素的测定

结合中国科学技术大学的学期改制,在夏季学期面向全校非化学专业的低年级本科生开设了“生活中的化学科普实验”公选课程,课程内容多为与生活密切相关的热点问题。“头发中微量元素的测定”是其实验项目之一。该实验将学生自己的头发作为分析对象,合理地设计教学内容和实验步骤,以期激发学生对化学实验的兴趣,提高学生对化学学科的认识。     

全球比拼微量元素分析，中国独占鳌头

2006年，在第20次国际分析地球化学实验室测试水平检验（GeoPT）中，全球72个实验室提交了微量元素分析结果。中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室取得可喜成绩，该实验室ICP—MS微量元素测试结果合格率名列第一。     

肝豆状核变性病患者头发微量元素的含量分析

为了解肝豆状核变性患者头发微量元素的含量，以及微量元素与肝豆状核变性病的关系，用火焰原子吸收分光光度计分别测定了患者和健康者头发的铜、锌、钙、铁的含量。结果表明，患病组头发与健康头发铜、锌、铁含量均在正常范围，无显著性差异（P〉0．05），而患者头发钙含量明显低于健康组头发含量，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。可见患者发铜、锌、铁含量测定对肝豆状核变性病临床诊断没有意义，而发钙与肝豆状核变性病有密切关系，能反映患者体内钙代谢情况，提示患者排铜治疗的同时应及时补钙。     

化学竞赛实验试题的内容与特点

本文针对全国化学竞赛（决赛）大纲实验部分和国际化学奥林匹克竞赛实验大纲的内容,分析了近年来全国高中学生化学竞赛（决赛）和国际化学奥林匹克竞赛实验试题。研究表明,近年来的竞赛实验试题呈现出了实验内容的社会化、实验手段的现代化、仪器的微型化和药品的微量化、以及实验过程要求绿色化等特点。     

谱学导论的课程设置和教材建设

１　课程设置的指导思想　　结构分析是化学教学和研究中一个十分重要的组成部分。它包括了分子光谱、磁共振谱、质谱、能谱、Ｘ射线衍射谱和荧光谱等。原来这些结构分析的教学内容分散在化学系的各基础课程中。在物理化学（含结构化学）中讲授各种结构分析方法的理论基础;在仪器分析中讲授常用的各种结构分析仪器的基本构造和原理;在有机化学（以及无机化学）中介绍各种类型化合物的四大谱的基本特征和规律。这样,一方面由于分散讲授,造成了不必要的重复,另外一方面也由于原来教学计划的安排,在开课时间上缺少紧密的衔接,客观上给学…     

健康猕猴血液和毛发微量元素含量的正常值测定和差异比较

对猕猴(Macaca mulatta)血液和毛发的镁、锰、钼、镍、铅、铬、镉、锌、铁、铜、钙等11种元素的含量，用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱仪进行了测定．给出了各个元素在血液和毛发中的平均含量值和变动范围．指出毛发中的微量元素含量一般较血液为高，且变动较小．与人体内含量比较，猴毛发的Cu、Mo、CA、Ni的含量与人发接近；猴血液的Zn、Fe、Ca、Mn、Ca亦与人的接近．对猴血液微量元素含量随年龄、体重、性别变化及血液含量和毛发含量的相关关系进行了统计学检验．通过对测定值的比较分析，认为尽管动物体内的微量元素含量随种类、环境、个体差异变化较大，就群体平均含量而言，仍存在着相似的变化规律。本文的测定结果对了解猕猴对微量元素的需要提供了初步依据．     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。