Fundamental of dynamical analysis of the blast-resistant underground structures

In this paper,the generalized variational principle of dynamic analysis for the blast-resistant underground structures is established,and the corresponding generalized functional of elastoplastic analysis for underground structures is derived,and the generalized variational principle of nonconservative system is given,thus the fundamental of dynamical analysis for underground structures to resist blast is proposed.Finally,for the underground cylindrical structure to resist blast,dynamical calculations are made,and compared with the test results.     

土中爆炸波与地下结构相互作用计算方法研究综述

土中爆炸波与结构相互作用是地下工程结构抗爆计算的理论基础,理论研究中通常在宏观试验基础上,引入合理的介质动力本构模型分析波动问题。针对工程防护中的计算模型和解析方法,综述了岩土介质中爆炸波与结构相互作用的现状和研究进展,内容包括土的动力本构模型,自由场中爆炸波的传播、爆炸波与箱型、圆柱形和直墙圆拱型等地下结构的相互作用等。重点阐述了常用的非饱和土和饱和土的动力本构模型、考虑松弛效应的土的综合弹塑性模型,一维平面波在不均匀介质和分层介质中的传播及地下结构爆炸荷载计算方面的研究成果,分析了各种模型和计算方法的适用范围和存在问题。

     

边坡下伏地下圆形洞室的弹性应力解析

根据洞室与边坡的相对位置,将其分为深埋地下洞室与浅埋地下洞室,并分别建立了计算模型。将浅埋圆形洞室视为分布荷载作用下半无限体表面附近的孔洞的应力分析问题,采取复变函数的保角映射得到了浅埋洞室的应力解析解。将深埋洞室视为一个双向受压无限板孔应力集中问题,得到了边坡下伏深埋圆形洞室的应力解析解。以某填筑边坡下地下圆形洞室为例,计算得到了浅埋圆形洞室周边的径向应力与环向应力分布,计算结果表明洞室圆心水平线上的环向压应力随着与洞周距离的增加逐渐减小,但径向压应力却是首先增加,然后才逐步减小。洞顶圆周出现环向拉应力,随着越来越接近地表,环向应力逐步转变为压应力并且越来越大,而径向应力逐渐变大。洞周环向拉应力在洞顶与洞底数值最大,洞室左右两端洞周环向压应力数值最大;洞周径向应力在洞顶、洞底数值较小,左右两端洞周应力最大。     

Role of underground structure deformation velocity in the analysis of blast-resistant structures

The structural deformation velocity plays a significant role in the dynamic calculation of underground blast-resistant structures. The motion differentiating equation of a structure system taking into account the role of deformation velocity of the structure will truthfully describe the actual situation of structural vibration. With the one-dimensional plane wave theory, the expression of load on the structural periphery is developed, and the generalized variation principle for the dynamic analysis of underground arched-bar structures is given. At the same time, the results of the numerical calculation are compared. Biography: ZHAO Xiao-bing (1975-)     

岩石拉压蠕变试验仪研制及应用

为了探索岩石在周期性恒定拉伸、压缩荷载作用下的蠕变行为,结合杠杆原理,设计研制了一种岩石杠杆式拉伸、压缩蠕变试验仪。该仪器具有挂重质量小、可方便切换拉、压荷载等特点。首先,通过标定好的数显式拉压荷重传感器对该试验仪拉伸、压缩荷载进行了校正,得出试验仪压缩、拉伸荷载杠杆扩力比分别为81.29倍与59.46倍,挂重质量与施加在岩样荷载呈线性关系(压缩作用下线性关系相关系数R2=0.99975,拉伸作用下R2=0.9991),荷载施加稳定。最后,采用该试验仪对红砂岩进行了单轴恒定拉、压循环荷载下的蠕变试验,探讨了受荷岩样拉压蠕变规律。上述成果丰富了岩石蠕变测试与研究内容,有助于岩石力学试验测试的发展。     

《工程地质学报》近年发展状况

摘要：《工程地质学报》(简称《学报》)经过17年的不断发展壮大，目前各项指标均取得了长足的进步。为了对《学报》有一个明确的发展定位，有必要学报近年来的各项指标进行科学的统计评估。本文主要依据《学报》近年的相关数据进行统计，对《学报》的影响因子等各项综合指标等进行系统分析，总结出学近年来的发展规律，找出不足，为进一步提升学报学术质量提供一个科学的根据。     

Our country over the past 20 years experimental curriculum material mechanics theory and practice of teaching reform

根据国内正式发表的文献,从教学理念改革与探索,教学内容改革与创新,教 学方法改革与实践,教学考核改革与配套,教学设施改善与计算机应用等5个方面, 综述了20年来我国材料力学实验课程教学改革理论与实践,并提出了作者的建议.     

Kinematics and dynamics of small-scale vorticity and strain-rate structures in the transition from isotropic to shear turbulence

We applied a technique that defines and extracts “structures” from a DNS dataset of a turbulence variable in a way that allows concurrent quantitative and visual analysis. Local topological and statistical measures of enstrophy and strain-rate structures were compared with global statistics to determine the role of mean shear in the dynamical interactions between fluctuating vorticity and strain-rate during transition from isotropic to shear-dominated turbulence. We find that mean shear adjusts the alignment of fluctuating vorticity, fluctuating strain-rate in principal axes, and mean strain-rate in a way that (1) enhances both global and local alignments between vorticity and the second eigenvector of fluctuating strain-rate, (2) two-dimensionalizes fluctuating strain-rate, and (3) aligns the compressional components of fluctuating and mean strain-rate. Shear causes amalgamation of enstrophy and strain-rate structures, and suppresses the existence of strain-rate structures in low-vorticity regions between enstrophy structures. A primary effect of shear is to enhance “passive” strain-rate fluctuations, strain-rate kinematically induced by local vorticity concentrations with negligible enstrophy production, relative to “active,” or vorticity-generating strain-rate fluctuations. Enstrophy structures separate into “active” and “passive” based on the level of the second eigenvalue of fluctuating strain-rate. We embedded the structure-extraction algorithm into an interactive visualization-based analysis system from which the time evolution of a shear-induced hairpin enstrophy structure was visually and quantitatively analyzed. The structure originated in the initial isotropic state as a vortex sheet, evolved into a vortex tube during a transitional period, and developed into a well-defined horseshoe vortex in the shear-dominated asymptotic state.     

钱令希教授发现的梁与拱结构响应函数族关系矩阵

阐发了钱令希教授《梁与拱结构函数分布图与感应图之间的连锁关系》一文的学术思想,指出从本质上看,结构响应函数族关系矩阵是材料力学的三函数关系的横向拓展和向梁与拱结构的提升。可见,钱令希教授的工作是力学领域独特的基础研究之一。此外,还介绍了(1)采用Green函数法求解了钱教授没有研究的在梁上分布载荷的情况。(2)作者及其团队首次把这一工作写进了《材料力学》教科书中。(3)给出了应用本文方法的两个例题。     

Time dependent flow in equimolar micellar solutions: transient behaviour of the shear stress and first normal stress difference in shear induced structures coupled with flow instabilities

Recently we studied time dependent structural changes that are coupled with flow instabilities (Fischer 1998; Wheeler 1998; Fischer 2000). Within a stability analysis, a classification scheme for the feedback circuit of coupled shear-induced structure and flow instabilities was derived by Schmitt et al. (1995) and applied to our samples. Here, inhomogeneous flow layers of different concentration and viscosity are generated by shear-induced diffusion (spinodal demixing) and, as consequence, one no longer observes a homogeneous solution but a type of shear banding that is seen here for the first time. In this paper we present the behaviour of the first normal stress difference observed in the critical shear-rate regime where transient shear-induced structure is coupled with flow instability. Similar to the oscillations of the shear stresses (strain-controlled rheometer) one observes oscillations in the first normal stress difference. This behaviour indicates that elastic structures are built up and destroyed while the shear-induced structures occur and that the induced phase is more elastic than the initial one. Oscillations of shear stress and first normal stress difference are in phase and indicate that both phenomena are caused by the same mechanism. Received: 30 June 1999/Accepted: 14 December 1999     

TOPOLOGY AND VORTEX STRUCTURES OF A CURVING TURBINE CASCADE WITH TIP CLEARANCE (Ⅱ)- TOPOLOGICAL FLOW PATTERN AND VORTEX STRUCTURE IN THE TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A BLADE CASCADE

By means of ink trace visualization of the flows in conventional straight, positively curved and negatively curved cascades with tip clearance, and measurement of the aerodynamic parameters in transverse section, and by appling topology theory, the topological structures and vortex structure in the transverse section of a blade cascade were analyzed. Compared with conventional straight cascade, blade positive curving eliminates the separation line of the upper passage vortex, and leads the secondary vortex to change from close separation to open separation, while blade negative curving effects merely the positions of singular points and the intensities and scales of vortex. Foundation items: 973 Project of China; the Doctoral Foundation of Education Ministry of China (EDAF24403003) Biography: YANG Qing-hai (1969−)     

On the relative impact of subgrid‐scale modelling and conjugate heat transfer in LES of hot jets in cross‐flow over cold plates

This work describes numerical simulations of a hot jet in cross‐flow with applications to anti‐ice systems of aircraft engine nacelles. Numerical results are compared with experimental measurements obtained at ONERA to evaluate the performances of LES in this industrial context. The combination of complex geometries requiring unstructured meshes and high Reynolds number does not allow the resolution of boundary layers so that wall models must be employed. In this framework, the relative influence of subgrid‐scale modelling and conjugate heat transfer in LESs of aerothermal flows is evaluated. After a general overview of the transverse jet simulation results, a LES coupled with a heat transfer solver in the walls is used to show that thermal boundary conditions at the wall have more influence on the results than subgrid scale models. Coupling fluid flow and heat transfer in solids simulations is the only method to specify their respective thermal boundary conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.