响应面法优化棉籽壳木聚糖的超声提取工艺

以木聚糖提取率为评价指标,提取温度、NaOH浓度、提取时间为自变量,进行3因素3水平Box-Behnken实验设计,利用响应面法优化新疆棉籽壳中木聚糖的超声辅助碱法提取工艺.结合实际可操作性得出最佳提取工艺为固定超声功率150W,按照料液比1∶14(g/mL)加入7％ NaOH溶液,70℃下提取80min,木聚糖提取率为36.77％,达到预测值的99.6％.Box-Behnken实验设计用于优化木聚糖的提取工艺稳定、可行.     

基于梯度响应面模型的优化设计

本文主要研究一种梯度响应面模型及其在气动优化设计中的应用. 目前应用广泛的多项式响应面模型是连续可导的, 采用梯度信息构造完全二阶多项式响应面模型, 所需样本数与设计参数个数呈线性关系. 首先通过改进实验设计方法, 快速生成满足精度要求的样本并确定梯度响应面模型. 随后通过函数实验验证梯度响应面模型的精度, 及该模型在多极值函数最值搜索中的有效性. 最后由伴随方法快速求解气动优化设计目标函数的梯度信息, 并开展基于梯度响应面模型和复合形法的叶片压力反设计和效率优化设计. 结果表明: 基于梯度响应面模型的优化方法在全局最优及提高优化效率两方面均有出色表现, 基于该优化方法的气动优化设计能够显著改善叶片的气动性能. 关键词： 气动优化设计 响应面模型 伴随方法 复合形法     

响应面法优化超声提取熟地黄中5-羟甲基糠醛的工艺

采用响应面法优化了超声提取熟地黄中5-羟甲基糠醛的工艺.选取提取时间、溶剂浓度和温度3个因素为随机因子,在单因素的基础上进行3因素3水平Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计,以5-羟甲基糠醛得率为响应值进行响应面分析.优化后的超声提取熟地黄中5-羟甲基慷醛的条件为:在提取时间61.6min,溶剂体积分数90.5%,提...     

响应面法优化黑番茄总黄酮的提取工艺

利用响应面法优化黑番茄总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件.在单因素试验的基础上,选取乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度及料液比为影响因子,应用Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立数学模型,以总黄酮提取量为响应值,进行响应面分析(RSA).结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为73％,提取温度80℃,提取时间1.5h,料液比1∶58g/mL,总黄酮提取率预测值为21.035mg/g,验证值为20.880mg/g,RSD=0.329％ (n=5).     

基于响应面模型的高超声速低温喷管优化

 建立了高超声速低温(HYLTE)喷管的响应面模型,样本点设计矩阵采用正交试验设计法构造,样本数据通过3维粘性NS方程计算喷管光腔耦合段的多组分混合流场获得。基于HYLTE喷管响应面模型,对喷管进行了多目标优化,定义了综合性能参数,优化后喷管混合性能显著改善,综合性能明显提高。计算表明,基于响应面模型的优化策略,能够满足喷管优化对计算精度和计算量的要求。运用多学科设计优化软件框架iSIGHT作为建模和优化的辅助工具,提高了优化设计的实现效率。     

响应面法优化石油烃含量测定的前处理条件

红外光谱法被广泛应用于水体、土壤等样品中石油烃残留的检测,样品预处理是红外光谱法测定水产品中石油烃残留的关键步骤。本文通过响应面分析法,对鱼肉的皂化条件进行优化,建立了回归模型,优化后预处理条件如下:皂化温度30℃,皂化时间20h,6mol/LNaOH溶液16.5mL。在此条件下,鱼肉得到了较为完全的皂化,结合溶剂萃取、柱吸附处理,将红外光谱法成功应用于水产品中石油烃的残留检测。     

窄光谱响应线宽面入射光探测器光谱响应的精确测量?

针对具有细锐波长选择性、波长可调谐的面入射光探测器的光谱响应,提出了一种精确测量方法.测量利用刀口法测量激光器的输出光斑直径,利用积分方法即可计算出器件的精确量子效率和响应度数值.测量方法无需复杂的光路处理系统,利用普通测量装置即可获得光探测器精确的光谱响应.     

神经网络响应面法及其在随机结构动力可靠度分析中的应用

选用3层BP神经网络来作为响应面函数。典型的3层BP神经网络分为输入层LA、隐蔽层LB和输出层LC。同层节点无关联，异层神经元前向连接。其中L，A层含有n个输入节点；LC层含有m个输出节点；LB层节点的数目u可根据需要设置。     

基于修正平行投影法的飞行姿态测量

摄影系统的成像满足透视投影模型,使用平行投影法做飞行姿态交会存在模型误差。依据在目标成像的中轴线通过像面中心的时候,平行投影法和透视投影法有相同的成像特征这一事实,提出了一种无模型误差的修正平行投影法。在判读出目标图像中轴线的斜率K和截距L的情况下,假设摄影系统的高低角再旋转atan(L/K)度,使得旋转后图像的中轴线过像面的中心点。依据透视投影模型,计算出旋转后图像中轴线的斜率,再使用此斜率做平行投影交会。仿真结果表明,该方法可以很好的消除由平行投影模型带来的模型误差,为空间目标姿态交会提供了更精确的计算结果。     

Kriging与响应面方法在气动优化设计中的应用

近似模型方法在工程优化设计中开始得到重视。本文分别应用Kriging方法和响应面方法进行了翼型气动优化设计。结果表明,Kriging方法的设计结果,升阻比较参考翼型提高了81%;在初始设计空间,响应面方法的结果很差,通过不断缩减设计空间,设计得到了有效的改善,升阻比提高了70%,但需要的计算量远远高于Kriging模型。     

Finite element model updating of a rod-type ultrasonicmotor based on response surface method

The conventional finite element model(FEM) of a rod-type ultrasonic motor is usually simplified by means of continuous composite structure. Because the actual contact characteristics between the parts of the ultrasonic motor is ignored, there is bigger error between the calculated values and experimental results. Aiming at solving problem, a new modeling method of a rod-type ultrasonic motor is presented to obtain a high-accuracy FEM. The bolt pretension and the normal contact stiffness and friction coefficient of the contact surface of ultrasonic motor are all considered in this method, and the significant parameters of working mode of the motor are selected by the response surface method, and the goal of calculating the structural response rapidly is realized by building the response surface model to replace the FEM. The result of finite element model updating shows that the average error of modal frequencies of updated model drops to 0.21% from 1.20%. The accuracy of FEM is obviously improved, which indicates that the FEM updating based on response surface method is of great application value on the design for a rod-type ultrasonic motor.     

Characteristic model of travelling wave ultrasonic motor

In general, the design and analysis of ultrasonic motor and motor’s control strategy are based on mathematical model. The academic model is widely used in the analysis of traveling wave ultrasonic motor (TWUSM). But the dispersive characteristic of piezoelectric ceramics and other complicated process, such as the friction, make the model’s precision not so accurate. On the other hand, identification modeling method, which is built based on the tested data, has obtained increasing application in the study of ultrasonic motor’s control technology. Based on the identification model, many control strategies can be designed easily. But the identification model is an approximate model, so if a more accurate model of ultrasonic motor can be obtained, the analysis and design of motor control system will be more effective. Characteristic model is a kind of identification model which can accurately describe the characteristics of TWUSM. Based on the tested data, this paper proposes the modeling method of ultrasonic motor’s characteristic model. The paper also makes a comparison of the effectiveness of different identification algorithms. Aiming at the speed control of ultrasonic motor, the influence of the parameter’s initial values on the precision of model is discussed. The calculating results indicate the availability of this characteristic model.     

Performance evaluation of traveling wave ultrasonic motor based on a model with visco-elastic friction layer on stator

A new visco-elastic contact model of traveling wave ultrasonic motor (TWUSM) is proposed. In this model, the rotor is assumed to be rigid body and the friction material on stator teeth surface to be visco-elastic body. Both load characteristics of TWUSM, such as rotation speed, torque and efficiency, and effects of interface parameters between stator and rotor on output characteristic of TWUSM can be calculated and simulated numerically by using MATLAB method based on this model. This model is compared with that one of compliant slider and rigid stator. The results show that this model can obtain bigger stall torque. The simulated results are compared with test results, and found that their load characteristics have good agreement.     

Finite element modelling of a rotating piezoelectric ultrasonic motor

The evaluation of the performance of ultrasonic motors as a function of input parameters such as the driving frequency, voltage input and pre-load on the rotor is of key importance to their development and is here addressed by means of a finite element three-dimensional model. First the stator is simulated as a fully deformable elastic body and the travelling wave dynamics is accurately reproduced; secondly the interaction through contact between the stator and the rotor is accounted for by assuming that the rotor behaves as a rigid surface. Numerical results for the whole motor are finally compared to available experimental data.     

基于平底孔反射体的双晶直探头测量模型

双晶探头在无损检测领域有着重要的应用,因而有必要建立一个超声测量模型来深入了解这类换能器的特点.通过将一个基于传递矩阵的多高斯声束模型和一个基尔霍夫近似方法获得的散射模型有效结合,建立了一个完整的纵波双晶直探头测量模型,用于预测平底孔缺陷体的回波信号.对比分析了平底孔反射回波信号的模型计算结果与实验测量结果,验证了该测量模型的准确性. 关键词： 超声测量模型 双晶直探头 多高斯声束模型     

35CrMoA钢塑性损伤非线性超声响应有限元模拟

基于混合位错超声非线性模型,使用有限元法模拟了非线性超声纵波在35CrMoA钢中的传播过程,并开展了实验验证.结果表明,超声非线性系数与塑性变形具有显著的相关性.金属材料塑性变形引起的超声非线性响应主要来自于位错,文中使用的有限元模型可以较好地模拟不同塑性变形下35CrMoA钢的超声非线性响应.在塑性变形的早期阶段,超...     

Development and study of novel non-contact ultrasonic motor based on principle of structural asymmetry

The article presents novel design of non-contact rotary ultrasonic motor consisting of ring-shaped stator vibrating in in-plane flexural mode and rotor provided with blades. In contrast to other motors with similar design proposed motor relies on the use of standing ultrasonic waves. This simplifies design and electronic control of motor and becomes possible due to introduction of artificial asymmetry, for example by tilting one or several blades of the rotor relative to the surface normal. Operating principle of the proposed motor is based on acoustic radiation torque exerted on rotor by ultrasonic waves propagating in air or fluid gap between rotor and stator. This torque is calculated using finite element method by means of COMSOL Multiphysics software. Dynamics of rotor is studied using MathCad software and general theory of nonlinear conservative oscillators. Role of asymmetry is explained on the basis of comparative analysis of potential functions and phase trajectories for symmetric and asymmetric cases. It is shown that direction of rotation is determined by structural parameters of motor, particularly tilting direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) of the blades. Conceptual design of motor with bidirectional rotation is described. Direction and velocity of rotation in the proposed conceptual design can be potentially controlled by changing excitation frequency of stator.     

基于多个参考态更新的动力相似预报方法及应用

为了更有效地利用历史资料中的相似性信息提高数值模式预报水平,提出了一种新的动力相似预报方法——多参考态更新(MRSU) 法.该方法基于“更新”观点,通过引入相似更新周期(PAU)的概念,将整个预报时段按PAU分成若干小的子时段,在预报进行到PAU时重新选取多个参考态,并采用超平面近似法将相似-动力模式产生的多个预报估计成最佳预报向量,这样就形成了“选取-估计”的循环,不断重复这一过程直到完成整个时段的预报.进一步将简化的MRSU方法应用于T63全球谱模式.月预报试验结果表明,与控制试验相比,MRSU法对逐 关键词： 相似-动力模式 参考态 相似更新周期 月预报     

一种基于2D-CNN的激光超声表面缺陷检测方法

激光超声表面缺陷检测的过程中,缺陷的定量表征通常依赖于操作者的判断,易受到人为因素干扰,致使检测结果不稳定.针对这一问题,提出一种基于图像识别的二维卷积神经网络(2D-CNN)的缺陷自动分类检测方法.利用有限元方法模拟激光超声检测过程,并采集超声信号数据用于训练分类模型;使用连续小变换(CWT)处理超声信号得到小波时频...