Effect and Mechanism Analysis of Solvent on the Electron Transition of Fluoroquinolones Based on Quantum Chemical Calculation

Ciprofloxacin(CIP), moxifoxacin(MOX) and enrofloxacin(ENR) were selected as typical fluoroquinolones(FQs) to analyze the excitation-enhancing effect and mechanism of solvents on FQs' electron transition based on quantum chemical calculations. The UV spectra of three FQs in gas and five different solvents(water, cyclohexane, dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, acetone) were calculated using Gaussian 09 software. The transition mechanisms of FQs' main electron transitions were analyzed by natural bond orbital(NBO) theory, and the solvent effect on each electron transition was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by sensitivity analysis and an established index system. The excitation enhancing mechanism of solvent on electron transitions of FQs was analyzed from the view of photo-induced reactions between solvent and FQs molecules. The results show that there are two main transitions located in the spectrum ranges of 300~380 and 240~300 nm for each FQ in any medium, which are assigned as n →π* and π→π* electron transitions, respectively. By comparison, the n →π* transition is more sensitive to solvent because of the energy transfer between solvent molecules and FQs, but the solvent effect on the π→π* transition is stronger than on the n →π* transition. The sequence of affected extent of solvent effect on electron transition was CIP MOX ENR, and the sequence of solvent effect was water DMSO methanol acetone cyclohexane(stronger solvent effect with increasing the dielectric constant of solvent). From the view of photo-induced reactions, the reaction between FQs*T1 and solvent*T1 has the decisive regulatory effect on the n →π* transition of FQs in solvent, and the reaction between FQsS0 and solvent*TI has an enhancing effect on the π→π* transition.     

氢甲酰化反应溶剂效应的量子化学研究

在B3LYP/6-31G(d, p)(Rh和P采用LANL2DZ + Polar)水平下,利用自洽反应场（SCRF）的Onsager模型,系统研究了C6H12、C6H6、THF、CH2Cl2、CH3OH和H2O（相对介电常数ε分别为2.02、2.25、7.58、8.93、32.63和78.39）六种溶剂对乙烯氢甲酰化反应中各驻点的结构和反应机理的影响.分别在上述溶剂中优化了反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态的结构,并计算了自由能和活化自由能.计算结果表明,不同溶剂对反应势能面上各驻点的结构和能量均有一定的影响,而且随着相对介电常数ε的增加,反应的活化自由能下降.水是以上六种溶剂中最佳的溶剂,这与大量的实验研究结果一致.     

F原子与臭氧反应机理的量子化学研究

用量子化学从头计算UMP2方法，在UPM2/6 311＋G水平上，研究F 原子与臭氧反应机理，优化了反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态的几何构型，在UQCISD（T）/6 311＋G水平上计算能量，同时进行零点能校正.研究结果表明， F原子与臭氧之间有很强的反应活性.     

Vitamin K1在水-有机溶剂中单电子还原电位的测定

Vitamin K1(VK1)是一种非常重要的脂溶性维生素,其止血功能已为人们所熟悉.下图显示在生物体内VK参与的止血过程,在这个氧化还原循环过程中,VKH2环氧化变成VKO与－Glu－(谷氨酸蛋白)羧化而转变成－Gla－(γ－羧基谷氨酸蛋白)是同时发生的,但前一过程对后一过程有什么贡献至今还不清楚.     

Quantum Chemical Study on the Reaction Mechanism of OBrO Radical with OH Radical

The reaction mechanism of OBrO with OH has been studied using the B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p) and the high-level electron-correlation CCSD(T)/6-311 G(d,p) at single-point. The results show that the title reaction could probably proceed by four possible schemes, generating HOBr O2, HBr O3, BrO HO2 and HOBrO2 products, respectively. The main channel is the one to yield HOBr O2. The whole reaction involves the formation of three-membered, four-membered and five-membered rings, followed by the complicated processes of association,H-shift, Br-shift and dissociation. All routes are exothermic.     

Study on the Determination of Vitamin K4 by Chemical Deoxygenation Micelle-Stabilized Room Temperature Phosphorimetry

Vitamin K₄(acetomenaphthone) is widely used as a haemoglutinin. Numerous studies focus on its determination, including UV, electrochemical and HPLC etc. HPLC has superseded other methods, but it requires lengthy and complex sample preparation.     

CH2 CHF与臭氧反应机理的量子化学研究

用量子化学MP2方法,在6-311+ +G(d,p)基组水平上研究了烯烃CH2CHF与臭氧反应的机理,对氟代乙烯臭氧化反应Criegee机理进行了系统的计算,全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型,在QCISD(T)/6-311+ +G(d,p)水平上计算了它们的能量.并对它们进行了频率分析,以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性.研究结果表明,氟代乙烯与臭氧反应沿Criegee机理是可信的、合理的.同时研究还发现,就氟代乙烯与臭氧反应活性而言,其控制步骤的位垒较低,可以说氟代乙烯与臭氧反应活性较强,也就是说氟代乙烯对臭氧的损耗较大.     

O原子与HNCO反应机理的量子化学及电子密度拓扑研究

采用MP2(Full),B3LYP,QCISD/MP2和CCSD(T)/MP2方法在6-311G(d,p)水平上对O原子与HNCO反应的微观机理进行了理论研究．采用MP2(Full)和B3LYP对反应位能面上的各驻点进行几何构型的全优化,振动分析和IRC计算证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性和相互连接关系．四种方法计算得到了四个反应通道的反应活化能．研究表明,O原子进攻HNCO中的H原子为反应的主要反应通道,该通道中形成了两个分子复合物,电子密度拓扑分析表明这两个分子复合物均为氢键复合物．     

CH3NO异构体及异构化反应机理的量子化学研究

在CCSD(T)/6-311＋＋G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(d,p)水平上对CH₃NO的异构体及各异构化反应机理进行了详细的理论研究. 包括CH₃NO共找到了23种异构体, 这23种异构体间通过24个过渡态相互转化. 用振动频率分析证实了过渡态的真实性, 内禀反应坐标跟踪(IRC)计算验证了过渡态与各异构体的连接关系. 计算结果表明, 在CH₃NO的各种异构体中, 分子骨架中存在N—C—O结构是最稳定的, 而C—O—N, C—N—O结构能量最高, 不稳定. 异构体间的异构化反应主要通过化学键的旋转, H迁移, C, N, O骨架的重组及包含上述两种机理的混合型机理等4种方式完成.     

Chemical Solutions in a Quantum Solvent: Anionic Electrolytes in 4He Nanodroplets

Variational and diffusion Monte Carlo (VMC and DMC) calculations are presented for anionic electrolytes solvated in ⁴He. The electrolytes have the general structure X^?(He)_N, with X=F, Cl, Br and I, and N varying up to 40 (41 for I^?). The overall interaction potential is obtained from accurate ab initio data for the two‐body components and then using the sum‐of‐potentials approximation. Our computational scheme is a robust procedure, giving us accurate trial wavefunctions that can be used to perform high‐quality DMC calculations. The results indicate very marked delocalization and permanence of the liquid‐like quantum features of the solvent adatoms surrounding the anionic impurities. This finding stands in contrast to the more structured, solid‐like behavior of the quantum solutions with alkali metal cations embedded in He nanodroplets. While other negatively charged species such as H^? have shown an overall repulsive interaction with He, the present calculations clearly indicate that the halogen anions remain solvated within liquid‐like solvent “bubbles” of species‐dependent size.     

Quantum Chemical Study on a New Mechanism of One-carbon Unit Transfer Reaction： The Water-assisted Mechanism

It is a theoretical study on the water-assisted mechanism of one-carbon unit transfer reaction, in which the energy barrier for each transition state lowered by about 80-100 kJ/mol when compared with the one in no-water-involved mechanism. The water-assisted path 4 is the favorite reaction way. Our results well explained the presumption from experiments.     

噁唑硼烷催化芳醛不对称炔基化反应的量化研究

对手性噁唑硼烷催化芳醛不对称炔基化还原反应的机理进行了量子化学半经验方法研究.研究表明,该反应是放热的，炔基转移是反应的控制步骤，炔基转移的过渡态具有扭曲的椅式结构，还原的主要产物是R-手性醇.     

含缺陷位TS-1催化氧化噻吩及甲基噻吩反应机理的量子化学研究

用ONIOM2方法 7T/45T模型优化了含缺陷位TS-1分子筛(TS-d)催化氧化噻吩及甲基噻吩各步反应的反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的结构.我们结合实验数据,得到的路线如下:首先,TS-d吸附H2O2,然后经历质子转移生成单齿或双齿超氧化物中间体.质子转移有两条途径,单质子和双质子转移.研究表明双齿比单齿超氧化物中间体的能量更低,是更稳定的中间体.因此采用双齿中间体继续反应.噻吩和甲基噻吩氧化先形成亚砜,再进一步氧化生成砜.计算数据与实验结果一致.     

苯并二氢吡喃热分解反应的量子化学研究

用AM1方法（采用非限制的哈特利－福克UHF计算）研究了苯并二氢吡喃的热分解反应。研究表明，目标反应可按两条竞争的自由基路径进行。     

双取代铵氧化物(R2HNO)与取代羟胺(R2NOH)的相互转换机制的量子化学研究

在B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p)水平下,首次对一系列双取代铵氧化物(R2HNO)与双取代羟胺(R2NOH)[R=CH3,NH2,OH,F,CH2CH3,CH(CH3)2,C(CH3)3]同分异构体的相互转换机制进行了理论计算研究,并与已知的H3NO和H2NOH进行了比较.结果表明,相对于双取代羟胺(R2NOH),按照H相似文献   

双取代铵氧化物(R2HNO)与双取代羟胺(R2NOH)的 相互转换机制的量子化学研究

在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(d,p)水平下, 首次对一系列双取代铵氧化物(R2HNO)与双取代羟胺(R2NOH) [R＝CH3, NH2, OH, F, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, C(CH3)3]同分异构体的相互转换机制进行了理论计算研究, 并与已知的H3NO和H2NOH进行了比较. 结果表明, 相对于双取代羟胺(R2NOH), 按照H＜CH3＜NH2＜OH＜F的顺序, 增加取代基R的电负性有助于提高双取代铵氧化物(R2HNO)的热力学和动力学稳定性. 此外, 对烷基取代基R [R＝CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, C(CH3)3], 其空间位阻越大越能增加双取代铵氧化物(R2HNO)的热力学稳定性, 动力学稳定性也有相应增加, 但不显著. 对所研究的7种取代基[R＝CH3, NH2, OH, F, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, C(CH3)3], R2HNO向R2NOH转换的能垒介于27.0～56.3 kcal/mol之间, 表明在气相条件下极有可能观测到双取代铵氧化物(R2HNO).     

SCRCR′CO重排反应的量子化学研究

用MINDO／3方法研究SCRCR′CO的热重排反应的机理，给出了活化能和IRC途径，讨论了活化能与取代基R′和迁移基R的性质之间的内在联系．     

Quantum Chemical Study on the Thermolysis of Dicyanofuroxan

Recently,thegeometricandelectronicstrUctUreofdicyanofuroxan(3,4-dicyano-l,2,5-oxadiazole-2-oxide)wasstUdiedbyT.Pasinszkiandco-workers,usingabinitiocalcula-honattheHF/6-3lGlevelandx-raycyrstallograPhy.'Beforetheabovework,exPerdrientalstUdyhadsuggestedthatdicyanofuroxancanundergothermolyticcycloreversiontotWomolesofthenovelpenta-atondcmolecule,NCCNO,'whichisofpotentialastrophysicalinterest.Here,theresultSoftheorehcalstUdiesbyAMl'andPM3'methods,usingtheunrestrictedHartree-Fock(UHF)calc…