侧链胆甾液晶聚合物及弹性体的液晶性能研究

把胆甾液晶单体 4 烯丙氧基苯甲酸胆甾醇酯 (Mch)分别和向列液晶单体 4 烯丙氧基苯甲酰氧基 4′ 甲氧基苯 (Mn) ,向列液晶交联剂 2 叔丁基对苯二酚双 [4 (6 丙烯酰氧基己氧基 )苯甲酸酯 ](Mnc)接枝到聚硅氧烷链上 ,得到系列侧链液晶聚合物Pn 系列和液晶弹性体Pe 系列 .通过热分析、偏光显微分析和X 射线分析等手段分别研究了向列液晶单体和向列液晶交联剂对含同一胆甾液晶基元聚合物的影响 .结果表明 ,向列液晶单体的摩尔百分比在 80 %以下 ,液晶聚合物Pn 系列为胆甾型液晶 ,在研究的范围内 ,液晶弹性体Pe 系列也为胆甾型液晶 ,Pn 系列和Pe 系列都具有较宽的液晶相范围 ,热分解温度均在 2 80℃以上 .     

以对-(4-烯丙氧基苯甲酰氧基)苯甲酸对-甲氧基苯酚酯为单体的液晶聚硅氧烷的合成与表征

侧链型液晶聚合物是目前很有兴趣的研究课题之一。在国内,有关的研究报道也逐渐增多,本工作设计并合成了对-(4-烯丙氧基苯甲酰氧基)苯甲酸对-甲氧基苯酚酯单体,其结构式为:     

新型手性液晶单体、交联剂及其弹性体的合成与表征

报道了一种含薄荷基的手性单体(MLC)、液晶交联剂(CA)及胆甾弹性体(LCE),采用FT-IR与1 H-NMR等手段表征了它们的化学结构,液晶的热性能与光学织构采用DSC、TGA、POM等仪器进行测试研究。结果表明:单体MLC呈现手性近晶C相的破碎扇形织构及胆甾相的油丝织构和焦锥织构,交联剂CA在升降温过程中均呈现典型的近晶A相的扇形织构和向列相的线状织构,而弹性体LCE呈现胆甾相的Grandjean彩色织构,为互变热致液晶聚合物,此外,轻度的化学交联并没有显著影响弹性体的液晶性质,其对应的玻璃化温度和清亮点分别是10.5℃和176.2℃。TGA表明液晶弹性体具有良好的热稳定性,热分解温度为339℃。     

单体结构对聚合物稳定胆甾相液晶形貌及光电性能的影响

采用紫外光聚合诱导相分离法制备聚合物稳定胆甾相液晶(PSCT),研究了单体4,4′-二[6-(丙烯酰氧基)己氧基]联苯(BAB6)、2-甲基-1,4-二[4-(3-丙烯酰氧基己氧基)苯甲酸基]对苯二酚(HCM-009)、2-甲基-1,4-二[4-(3-丙烯酰氧基丙氧基)苯甲酸基]对苯二酚(LCM)对常黑和常白模式PSCT光电性能的影响。结果表明:BAB6不具备液晶性,与液晶的相容性差,形成的聚合物网络疏松,网孔较大;HCM-009和LCM均具有液晶性,能很好地溶于液晶中。BAB6、HCM-009、LCM 3种单体形成的聚合物网络对液晶分子的锚定作用依次增强,常黑模式PSCT的阈值(饱和)电压减小,下降时间变长,迟滞宽度变大;而常白模式PSCT的驱动电压增大,响应速率变快。     

单体结构对聚合物稳定胆甾相液晶形貌及光电性能的影响

采用紫外光聚合诱导相分离法制备聚合物稳定胆甾相液晶(PSCT),研究了单体4,4′-二[6-(丙烯酰氧基)己氧基]联苯(BAB6)、2-甲基-1,4-二[4-(3-丙烯酰氧基已氧基)苯甲酸基]对苯二酚(HCM-009)、2-甲基-1,4-二[4-(3-丙烯酰氧基丙氧基)苯甲酸基]对苯二酚(LCM)对常黑和常白模式PSCT光电性能的影响。结果表明:BAB6不具备液晶性,与液晶的相容性差,形成的聚合物网络疏松,网孔较大;HCM-009和LCM均具有液晶性,能很好地溶于液晶中。BAB6、HCM-009、LCM 3种单体形成的聚合物网络对液晶分子的锚定作用依次增强,常黑模式PSCT的闲值(饱和)电压减小,下降时间变长,迟滞宽度变大;而常白模式PSCT的驱动电压增大,响应速率变快。     

新型含苯甲醚基团的向列型聚硅氧烷侧链液晶的合成与表征

采用硅氢加成反应将刚性液晶基元4-(4-烯丙氧基)苯甲酰氧基-4’-甲氧基苯酚酯(1)接枝到聚硅氧烷主链上,合成了一个新型的含苯甲醚基团的向列型聚硅氧烷侧链液晶聚合物(2),其结构和性能经1H NMR,IR,偏光显微镜,XRD,DSC和TGA表征和研究。结果表明,1和2呈现出向列相液晶的彩色条带织构。1的液晶区间为59.47℃,失重5%所对应的温度为225.4℃;2的液晶区间为183.12℃,失重5%所对应的温度为355.7℃;2较1有更宽的液晶区间和更高的热稳定性。     

乙烯基二联苯单体的螺旋选择性自由基聚合

为了深入理解乙烯基二联苯单体自由基聚合过程中的手性传递,进行了手性单体(+)-2-[(S)-异丁氧羰基-5-(4′-己氧基苯基)苯乙烯、非手性单体2-丁氧羰基-5-(4′-己氧基苯基)苯乙烯的均聚反应及它们二者的共聚反应,探讨了聚合温度和溶剂性质对手性单体均聚物旋光活性、手性单体含量对共聚物旋光活性以及聚合反应溶剂的超分子手性对共聚物旋光活性的影响.研究发现,降低聚合温度、采用液晶性反应介质有利于得到旋光度大的聚合物;少量手性单体的引入即可诱导共聚物形成某一方向占优的螺旋构象,比旋光度随手性单体的含量增加呈线性增长;在胆甾相液晶中制备的非手性单体聚合物不具有光学活性.这些结果表明,该类乙烯基二联苯聚合物具有动态螺旋构象,其光学活性主要依赖于主链的立构规整度和侧基不对称原子的手性.     

基于L-异亮氨酸衍生物的液晶单体及其聚合物的合成与结构表征

通过对L-异亮氨酸化合物进行扩展性研究及分子设计,本论文合成了四种含(2S,3S)-3-甲基-2-氯戊酰氧基的手性液晶单体(M1～M4),然后再以六氯合铂酸为引发剂,将四种单体通过接枝聚合,获得了对应的聚硅氧烷类液晶高分子(P1～P4),采用FT-IR、1 H-NMR与GPC表征了所合成的中间体、手性液晶单体及其聚合物的化学结构与分子量及分布,结果符合分子设计.此外,采用旋光仪测定了手性单体的旋光度,研究表明:它们均为右旋化合物,其比旋光度随化合物刚性的增加而降低,而对于端基相同、液晶核刚性大小接近的单体,其比旋光度比较接近.     

单臂脂环18-冠-6液晶的合成

本文合成了两种单臂脂环18-冠-6-液晶, 羟甲基 18-冠-6分别和4-(4'-正丁氧基苯甲酰氧基)苯甲酰氯或氯甲酸胆甾醇酯反应得到两种目标物,用DSC和偏光显微镜测定其相变温度,前者相变温度是T~K~N4.0℃和T~N~I33.5℃, 后者相变温度T~K~S-22.4℃, T~S~N6.8℃, T~N~I40.4℃, 用等克分子的硬脂酸和该冠醚液晶制成LB膜, 观察到Y型LB膜的特征.     

一种新型侧链液晶聚合物的喇曼光谱研究

根据传统的侧链型液晶聚合物理论,在液晶基元和主链之间必须有柔性链相连。最近我们设计并合成了单体为2,3-双(对烷氧基苯甲酰氧基)苯乙烯的侧链液晶聚合物,该聚合物突破了文献[1]的理论,把液晶基元从重心位置横挂于主链之上,其间无柔性链段,只以单键相接。我们用喇曼光谱研究了该新型侧链液晶聚合物,表明它存在上述结构特点。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.