一种锌金属有机骨架材料对Hg~(2+)检测的应用研究

以2,5-呋喃二甲酸(H_2FDC)和六水合硝酸锌为原料,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和水为混合溶剂合成了一种锌金属有机骨架材料{[Zn(FDC)]·H_2O}n(Zn-MOF)。该材料在350 nm激发波长下,于470 nm处有最强的荧光发射峰。考察了食品中常见15种不同金属离子对该材料荧光强度的影响,发现Hg~(2+)能选择性地使该材料产生荧光猝灭现象。此外,还探讨了Hg~(2+)的浓度、浸泡时间的影响。结果表明,该锌金属有机骨架材料对Hg~(2+)具有高度的选择性传感功能,这一特性可以应用于食物中Hg~(2+)残留的检测,以该Zn-MOF材料作为荧光探针用荧光光谱法可以高效检测Hg~(2+)。     

聚胸腺嘧啶单链DNA-CuNCs荧光增强法用于汞离子的高灵敏检测

基于Hg~(2+)与DNA中胸腺嘧啶(T)结合的高度特异性和DNA铜纳米簇的荧光增强性质,构建了一种简便、灵敏检测汞离子的新方法.当Hg~(2+)存在时,聚T单链DNA(P1)通过T-Hg~(2+)-T特异性结合形成双链DNA,Cu~(2+)经抗坏血酸钠还原后生成的中间体Cu+与双链DNA螺旋结构间的氢键部分有强的结合力,促使Cu0附着聚集在双链DNA上形成铜纳米簇,导致体系荧光增强,从而实现对汞离子的高灵敏检测.体系荧光强度与Hg~(2+)浓度的对数值成正比,对Hg~(2+)检测的线性范围为1.0 nmol/L~10μmol/L,检出限达0.4 nmol/L,对湖水样品中Hg~(2+)检测的回收率达到97.2%~106.6%.与传统方法相比,该方法具有无需标记、检出限低及选择性好等优点,可用于环境水体中汞离子的测定.     

荧光素/层状钇氢氧化物复合体的发光性能及对Hg2+的识别

合成了层状钇氢氧化物(LYH)复合体FN/OS-LYH(FN为荧光素,OS为1-辛烷磺酸钠),研究了复合体的光致发光性能及剥离态胶体对Hg~(2+)的荧光识别性能。固态下,FN的钠盐不发光,FN/OS-LYH复合体发射黄绿光(564 nm);甲酰胺中,剥离为胶体悬浮液后,复合体发射绿光(540 nm,即剥离后蓝移24 nm),比FN阴离子的发射(572 nm)蓝移32 nm。复合体对高毒性Hg~(2+)具有很好的荧光识别能力,优于其他离子(Mg~(2+),Ni~(2+),Co~(2+),Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+),Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+))。复合体加入Hg~(2+)后发生荧光淬灭,Hg~(2+)检测限为2.73×10-7mol·L-1,淬灭常数(Ksv)为4.82×102 L·mol-1。     

基于核酸适配体功能化荧光氧化石墨烯的免标记“Turn-off”型Hg2+传感器研究

利用湿化学法制备出具有一定荧光性能的氧化石墨烯(GO)负载金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)复合材料(GO@AuNPs),并将巯基化单链富T核酸适配体(aptamer)结合在该复合材料的金纳米颗粒表面,形成aptamer功能化氧化石墨烯-金纳米颗粒复合物(aptamer-GO@AuNPs)。当汞离子存在时,由于7个T-Hg~(2+)-T结构的配位作用,aptamer折叠形成刚性的发夹状双链DNA结构,并使Hg~(2+)靠近石墨烯表面(少于1 nm),使得电子可沿着双链DNA通道从石墨烯转移到汞离子,从而猝灭氧化石墨烯的荧光,由此构建了一种基于石墨烯荧光猝灭的"turn-off"型荧光传感器。考察了多种因素对检测体系的影响,在最优实验条件下,此方法对Hg~(2+)的线性检测范围为0.5～80 nmol/L,检出限为0.3 nmol/L。应用于环境水体样品中Hg~(2+)的检测,加标回收率为96.0%～105%,相对标准偏差为1.4%～3.2%。该方法操作简单,有较强的抗干扰能力,灵敏度和选择性高,不需要标记,检测快速,可用于环境水体样品中Hg~(2+)的高灵敏检测。     

基于铜/银纳米簇检测铜离子的方法研究

通过设计不同富含G碱基的DNA序列,探究了G碱基对核酸-铜/银纳米簇(DNA-Cu/AgNCs)的荧光增强效应,并建立了铜离子的荧光检测方法。结果发现,在富含C碱基序列模板的5'端增加G5序列后,制备得到的铜/银纳米簇的荧光强度显著增强。同时,该DNA-Cu/AgNCs的荧光可被Cu~(2+)和Hg~(2+)猝灭。通过NaBH_4掩蔽Hg~(2+)实现了对Cu~(2+)的特异性检测。该方法检测Cu~(2+)的线性范围为0.01～5.0μmol/L,检出限为5.0 nmol/L。方法具有简单快速、选择性高、成本低等优点,可用于实际样品测定。     

新型染料碳点的制备及荧光比色法特异性识别Hg2+

报道了一种简便、低成本制备水溶性染料碳点的方法.将甲基紫和柠檬酸混合通过一步水热法制备染料碳点(MV-CDs).利用紫外光谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱、XPS和DLS对MV-CDs进行表征.研究表明,加入Hg~(2+)后,MV-CDs溶液的蓝色消失,但出现了绿色荧光且其强度随Hg~(2+)浓度的增加而增加.因此,MV-CDs通过比色和荧光法特异性检测Hg~(2+),具有较高灵敏度和较低检出限.利用标准加入法对自来水和矿泉水中的Hg~(2+)进行测量,取得满意的回收率.因此,MV-CDs可作为特异性检测Hg~(2+)的纳米探针.     

一种近红外发射荧光探针的合成及其荧光增强识别Hg2+

汞离子(Hg~(2+))由于高毒性以及容易对环境和人体造成损害,其检测越来越受到人们的重视。本文基于4-(二乙氨基)水杨醛设计合成了一种近红外发射荧光探针L,该探针可在MeCN/HEPES(体积比2/8,pH=7.4)缓冲溶液中高选择性地荧光增强识别Hg~(2+),其具有合成简便、抗干扰能力强、适用pH范围宽等特点。进一步研究表明,探针L可用于真实水样中Hg~(2+)的检测。     

ZrO2纳米粒子原位杂化PVDF膜的制备及其抗污染性能

针对传统聚合物膜抗污染性差的问题,本文从杂化膜结构设计出发,提出将ZrO2纳米粒子的原位制备和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)相转化成膜过程有机结合的制膜新方法.该方法将阴离子交换树脂引入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,以氧氯化锆为原料,利用阴离子交换树脂提供的―OH与无机盐的阴离子进行交换,得到ZrO2纳米粒子均匀分散的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶胶体系.随后将PVDF聚合物溶解到所得的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶胶体系中,获得均一、透明的铸膜液.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对杂化膜中锆的存在状态和分散性能进行了表征.结果表明,ZrO2纳米粒子均匀分散在PVDF基体中,并且形成的纳米粒子的粒径约为10-20 nm.通过粘度、分相速度和膜形态的测定,研究了成膜机理.结果表明,ZrO2纳米粒子的引入加速了铸膜液成膜过程的分相速度.杂化膜的亲水性能通过接触角测定仪进行了评价.并选择以牛血清蛋白为代表模拟污染物,考察了杂化超滤膜的抗污染性能.结果表明,原位形成的ZrO2纳米粒子显著提高了膜的亲水性,减少了膜对蛋白质的吸附.这种将ZrO2纳米粒子的原位制备和PVDF相转化成膜过程有机结合的制膜新方法在有机-无机杂化膜的制备领域具有显著意义.     

基于聚合物核壳纳米粒子的Hg~(2+)比率型荧光检测传感器

采用一步聚合的方法,制备了以疏水的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为核、亲水性的聚电解质支化聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为壳的纳米粒子分散液.将供体荧光团4-胺基-7-硝基-N-辛基苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑(NBD)以包埋的方式在聚合过程中直接引入PMMA核内部,而受体荧光团罗丹明衍生物SRHB通过吸附作用进入PEI-PMMA核壳界面,构成了含有两种不同荧光分子且可对Hg2+进行荧光比率检测的传感器.考察了含荧光分子的聚合物粒子光谱学性质,证明两种荧光分子均被引入了聚合物粒子体系.在汞离子的荧光检测试验中,加入Hg2+后,体系中的NBD荧光强度下降,而罗丹明的特征发射峰在579 nm处出现,并随着Hg2+浓度的增加,受体/供体的荧光强度比值呈现增长趋势.研究还发现,聚合物粒子基荧光探针对于Hg2+具有较好的选择性,且最佳使用范围是体系pH值在5～8之间,其检测Hg2+的最低浓度可达到1μmol/L.     

基于硝基苯并呋咱的荧光探针

硝基苯并呋咱(NBD)作为一种通常从4-氯-7-硝基-苯并呋咱衍生化的荧光团,在荧光分析中具有简便、高效、灵敏度高以及检测限低等显著优点,已广泛应用于化学、生物、医药和环境等诸多研究领域。基于NBD的荧光探针是检测和识别重要的无机/有机小分子化合物、酶和蛋白质的研究热点之一。本文综述了近年来NBD作为荧光团在重金属离子(Zn2+,Cu2+和Hg2+)、活性氧、DNA、细胞膜、小分子化合物(硫酚、糖类、金刚烷/胆酸、氟甲沙明/埃博霉素、双酚A、多胺、TNT和PPi)、酶和蛋白质等检测领域的新进展。在不久的将来,设计合成结构更加精巧的NBD探针分子仍将是荧光检测和生物成像领域的主要发展趋势之一。这些新颖的NBD探针分子的应用将为全面深入探索与理解复杂的生命过程提供强有力的研究工具。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.