Estimation of Physico-chemical Properties of Ionic Liquid EPReO_4 Using Surface Tension and Density

An ionic liquid (IL) EPReO₄ (N‐ethylpyridinium rheniumate) was prepared. The density and surface tension values of the IL were determined in the temperature range of 293.15–343.15 K. The ionic volume and surface entropy of the IL were estimated by extrapolation, respectively. In terms of Glasser's theory, the standard molar entropy and lattice energy of the IL were estimated, respectively. Using Kabo's and Rebelo's methods, the molar enthalpy values of vaporization of the IL, Δ^g_lH⁰_m (298 K), at 298 K and, Δ^g_lH⁰_m (T_b), at hypothetical normal boiling point were estimated, respectively. According to the interstice model, the thermal expansion coefficient of IL EPReO₄ (α) was calculated and compared with experimental value, finding their magnitude order is in good agreement by 8.98%.     

离子液体BMIBF4性质的研究

用最大气泡法和韦氏天平法, 在278.15～343.15 K范围内测定了离子液体BMIBF₄的表面张力和密度; 讨论了这个离子液体的体积性质和表面性质; 根据离子个头大又极不对称的特点, 提出了离子液体的空隙模型. 根据空隙模型计算的离子液体恒压热膨胀系数与实验值相比, 偏差在10%左右.     

离子液体BMIBF4性质的研究

用最大气泡法和韦氏天平法,在278．15～343．15K范围内测定了离子液体BMIBF4的表面张力和密度;讨论了这个离子液体的体积性质和表面性质;根据离子个头大又极不对称的特点,提出了离子液体的空隙模型．根据空隙模型计算的离子液体恒压热膨胀系数与实验值相比,偏差在10％左右。     

Studies on the properties of ionic liquid EMIInCl4

This paper reports that an ionic liquid (IL) has been prepared by directly mixing InCl₃ and 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) with molar ratio 1/1 under dry argon atmosphere. The densities, and surface tension of the pure IL were determined at temperature range of 293.15 to 343.15 ± 0.1 K. The volumetric properties and the properties of surface for ionic liquid based on group III were discussed by Glasser's theory and Yang's interstice model.     

Asymmetric Mannich-type reactions catalyzed by indium(III) complexes in ionic liquids

In(III) complexes efficiently catalyse asymmetric Mannich-type reactions in ionic liquids with high diastereoselectivity and good yield.     

室温离子液体BMIGaCl4热力学性质研究

An ionic liquid （IL） BMIGaCh was prepared by directly mixing GaCl3 and 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride with molar ratio of 1/1 under argon atmosphere. The densities and surface tensions of this pure ionic liquid were determined in the temperature range of 268.15 to （338.15±0.1） K. A new theoretical model of ionic liquids, an interstice model, was applied to calculate the thermal expansion coefficient of IL BMIGaCh, a, and the magnitude order of its value calculated by the theory was the same as experimental one. Both Raman scattering and ab initio calculations indicate that GaCl4^- is the only species containing Ga in the ionic liquid BMIGaCl4.     

功能离子液体[NH2p-bim]BF4吸收CO2的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论对功能化离子液体[NH2p-bim]BF4吸收CO2的作用机制进行了理论研究。在RB3LYP/6-311 G**的计算水平对离子液体[NH2p-bim]BF4的结构以及CO2与该离子液体反应可能生成的产物进行了全优化,获得了优化结构的振动频率和热力学数据。计算结果表明,离子液体[NH2p-bim]BF4吸收CO2主要是通过离子液体的阳离子[NH2p-bim] 自偶解离的[NHp-bim]与CO2分子结合生成[O2C-NHp-bim],其结合能为238-260 kJ/mol。     

基于离子液体的分散液液微萃取-柱前荧光衍生高效液相色谱法测定水样中8种磺胺类药物

建立了一种基于离子液体的分散液液微萃取技术结合柱前荧光衍生高效液相色谱(IL-DLLME-HPLC-FL)对8种磺胺类药物进行检测的方法,并成功应用于实际环境水样的分析。实验考察了萃取参数对磺胺萃取效率的影响及衍生产物的稳定性。最佳实验条件:以40 μL [C₆MIM]PF₆]为萃取剂,0.1 mL丙酮为分散剂,对pH=4且不含NaCl的水溶液进行不超声的分散液液微萃取,并衍生化反应6 h。结果表明:在最佳实验条件下,该法在0.2~10 μg/L和10~500 μg/L两个浓度范围内线性良好,线性相关系数r ≥0.9989;检出限为0.08~0.5 μg/L (S/N=3)。对实验室自来水、湖水、珠江水、池塘水分别加标5、50、200 μg/L的回收率为87.2%~101.4%,相对标准偏差为3.7%~6.2%。该法环保、简便,可用于测定实际水样中磺胺类药物。     

[Bmim]FeCl_4离子液体的物理性质

研究了自制[Bmim]FeCl4离子液体的电导率、黏度与温度的关系,并与文献数据进行了对比.结果表明,采用落球法和旋转法都能准确地测量[Bmim]FeCl4离子液体的黏度;与Andrade方程相比,VTF方程能更好地拟合[Bmim]FeCl4离子液体的黏度和温度的关系,其相关系数达0.999 9.采用不同电导率仪测量的[Bmim]FeCl4离子液体的电导率有较大差别;相比Arrhenius方程而言,VTF方程能更好地拟合电导率与温度的关系;随着温度的变化,电导率与黏度的关系符合Walden规则,其相关系数达到0.99以上.     

Impact of imidazolium-based ionic liquid surfactant additions on dilational rheology properties of different protein adsorption layer

The interfacial behavior of β-casein and BSA solutions have been investigated in the presence of imidazolium-based ionic liquid surfactant ([C₁₄mim]Br) at the decane/water interface with the oscillating the drop and interfacial tension relaxation measurements. Both the electrostatic and the hydrophobic interaction between protein and [C₁₄mim]Br played crucial roles as [C₁₄mim]Br concentration increases. Furthermore, it was found that the dilational rheology parameters provided information of the adsorbed layers structure, and the dynamics properties of the adsorbed layers depend on the bulk [C₁₄mim]Br concentration. Moreover, with the concentration of [C₁₄mim]Br increasing, β-casein in the interfacial layer was subject to conformational changes where it gave space to [C₁₄mim]Br molecules in the form of co-adsorb; for BSA/[C₁₄mim]Br solutions, the globule protein BSA deformed and then co-adsorb with [C₁₄mim]Br molecules at the decane/water interface. These results will contribute to elucidation of the influence of the surfactant on the different structure proteins and the wide applications of protein/surfactant systems in practice.     

过渡金属离子液体EMIFeCl3的性质研究

在干燥高纯氩气氛的手套箱内, 直接将摩尔比为1∶1的高纯无水FeCl3与氯化1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑(EMIC)混合, 得到棕色透明的离子液体EMIFeCl4. 在293.15~343.15 K温度范围内测定了该离子液体的密度和表面张力. 利用Glasser经验方程和空隙模型研究了EMIFeCl4的性质, 并与离子液体EMIAlCl4进行比较, 指出空隙模型具有一定的合理性.     

Anionic SO3H-functionalized ionic liquid: An efficient and recyclable catalyst for the Pechmann reaction of phenols with ethyl acetoacetate

This paper has reported an anionic SO₃H-functionalized ionic liquid N-methylimidazolium sulfomethylsulfonate ([Hmim][HO₃SCH₂SO₃]) for the synthesis of coumarins by Pechmann reaction. The [Hmim][HO₃SCH₂SO₃] is easier to prepare by one-step neutralization reaction of N-methylimidazole with methanedisulfonic acid and show high catalytic performance for Pechmann reaction. Besides, the catalyst can simply be separated from the reaction mixture and recycled ten times without noticeable loss of activity.     

Application of Et3NHCl-AlCl3 ionic liquid as an initiator in cationic copolymerization of 1,3-pentadiene with styrene

Cationic copolymerization of 1,3-pentadiene (PD) with styrene (St) using the triethylamine hydrochloride-aluminium chloride (Et₃NHCl-AlCl₃) room temperature ionic liquid as an initiator in toluene has been investigated. The polymerization proceeds to high conversions, indicating high initiating reactivity of Et₃NHCl-AlCl₃ in these copolymerization systems, although molecular weights of the polymers are limited which are similar to polymerization initiated by Lewis acids such as TiCl₄, BF₃, BF₃·OEt₂. The polymers were analyzed using IR spectra in conjunction with gel permeation chromatography (GPC).     

利用标准加入法研究离子液体EMIBF4的密度和表面张力

在278.15～338.15 K温度范围内, 分别用Anton Paar密度计和最大气泡法测定了含有不同微量水的离子液体EMIBF₄ (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)的密度和表面张力, 讨论了微量水对这些性质的影响, 进而用标准加入法确定了无水离子液体EMIBF₄的密度和表面张力. 借助Glasser理论和空隙模型讨论了EMIBF₄的热力学性质. 用空隙模型计算的离子液体热膨胀系数与实验测定值较好一致, 说明空隙模型具有合理性.     

反相气相色谱法表征1-烯丙基-3-甲基氯代咪唑离子液体的表面性质

采用反相气相色谱(IGC)技术研究了不同温度下1-烯丙基-3-甲基氯代咪唑(［AMIM］Cl)的表面性质。以正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷和正壬烷作为非极性探针分子测定［AMIM］Cl在343.15、353.15、363.15和373.15 K温度下的表面色散自由能;以二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃作为极性探针分子测定离子液体Lewis酸碱性质,并测定了吸附自由能和吸附自由焓变等热动力学参数。实验结果表明,［AMIM］Cl的酸解离平衡常数Ka为0.34,碱解离平衡常数Kb为1.68,其表面呈Lewis两性偏碱性特点。在343.15、353.15、363.15和373.15 K温度下,［AMIM］Cl的表面色散自由能分别为52.26、50.82、46.08和42.05 mJ/m2。这一结果对研究离子液体的表面性质及应用有指导作用。     

Effect of ionic liquid on dielectric, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polychloroprene rubber composites

This paper focuses on the influence of ionic liquid on carbon nanotube based elastomeric composites. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are modified using an ionic liquid at room temperature, 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulphonyl) imide (BMI) and modified MWCNTs exhibit physical (cation–π/π–π) interaction with BMI. The polychloroprene rubber (CR) composites are prepared using unmodified and BMI modified MWCNTs. The presence of BMI not only increases the alternating current (AC) electrical conductivity and polarisability of the composites but also improves the state of dispersion of the tubes as observed from dielectric spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. In addition to the hydrodynamic reinforcement, the formation of improved filler–filler networks is reflected in the dynamic storage modulus (E′) for modified MWCNTs/CR composites in amplitude sweep measurement upon increasing the proportion of BMI. Hardness and mechanical properties are also studied for the composites as a function of BMI.     

Effect of ionic strength and ionic interactions on the oxidation of Fe(II)

The rates of oxidation of Fe(II) in NaCl and NaClO ₄ solutions were studied as a function of pH (6 to 9), temperature (5 to 25°C), and ionic strength (0 to 6m). The rates are second order with respect to [H⁺] or [OH^–] and independent of ionic strength and temperature. The overall rate of the oxidation is given by

Effects of salicylate 2-hydroxybenzoate on ionic liquid N-hexadecane-N-methylpyrrolidinium bromide

Surface tension, steady-shear viscosity, and antibacterial activity were investigated when salicylate 2-hydroxybenzoate (NaSal) was added to the micellar solution of N-hexadecane-N-methylpyrrolidinium bromide (C₁₆MPB). It was found that for the mixed system, two flat portions appeared on the surface tension curve with the existence of NaSal in the low-concentration range. The equilibrium contact angle of droplets was decreased with the increase of NaSal concentration. In addition, the steady-shear viscosity abruptly increased with the increase of the concentration of mixture, even if the concentration of NaSal is low. However, this high-viscosity solution exhibited temperature-sensitive property, and white precipitate formation below 18°C. Moreover, the bactericidal capability of C₁₆MPB was affected severely by the mixture of high concentration. All of these features could be attributed to the special interactions between C₁₆MPB and NaSal molecules, among which intramolecular hydrogen bonding of NaSal plays a key role, which have been primely demonstrated by the package of Gaussian09 in this work.     

Optical and thermal properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticle-doped cholesteric liquid crystals

A composite system of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle-doped cholesteric liquid crystals with properties of broadband reflection and controllable temperature under high-frequency electric field is proposed. The broadband reflection can shield the near-infrared light in summer and the electromagnetic-thermal effect by the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles can deice or defrost in winter for high transmittance and good safety. Furthermore, the thermal effect may be precisely controlled and significantly enhanced by adjusting the factors of the doped concentrations and the applied electric field parameters (duration time, magnitude and frequency). This composite system may have potential applications for multifunctional windows of architectures and vehicles.     

反气相色谱法表征离子液体1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的热力学参数

采用反气相色谱法(IGC)表征了离子液体(IL)1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([HMIM]BF₄)在343.15~373.15 K温度范围内的热力学参数.使用了一系列不同化学结构的探针分子测定[HMIM]BF₄与溶剂之间的相互作用力.根据探针分子的保留时间计算得到探针分子与[HMIM]BF₄之间的Flory-Huggins相互作用参数、摩尔吸附焓、无限稀释摩尔混合焓、摩尔蒸发焓、无限稀释活度系数以及[HMIM]BF₄的溶解度参数.结果表明,n-C₆、n-C₇、n-C₈、n-C₉、乙醚、四氢呋喃、苯、环己烷为[HMIM]BF₄的不良溶剂;甲苯、间二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、四氯化碳、氯仿、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯为[HMIM]BF₄的良溶剂.运用外推法得到了[HMIM]BF₄在室温(298.15K)时的溶解度参数为23.70 (J·^-3)^0.5.实验结果证明反气相色谱法是一种简便准确的获得离子液体热力学参数的方法.获得的热力学参数体现了这种离子液体与探针分子之间的相互作用力.本研究为离子液体的进一步应用提供了参考.