电化学方法调控荧光碳点的研究

作为零维碳基发光纳米材料,碳点是对现有发光纳米材料的重要补充. 精准控制粒径及表面结构对实现碳点的性质调控及其应用至关重要. 本文介绍了本课题组在利用电化学方法研究荧光碳点方面的进展. 重点展示了利用电化学方法实现对碳点粒径的控制,对表面氧化程度的调节以及对其发光机理的研究. 电化学方法可对只有几纳米厚度的材料表面进行有效的控制,可操作性强且经济环保. 通过对碳点的粒径及表面的调控,作者也进一步揭示了碳点的发光与表面结构的相关性. 这些工作为碳点的合成及其性质调控提供了可循的规律,有利于推动碳点在生物医生成像、传感检测、催化及能源转化等领域的应用.     

荧光碳点探针的合成、性质及其在生物成像中的应用

荧光碳点探针是近几年来发展起来的一种新型荧光探针，具有传统有机染料、荧光染色蛋白及一般荧光纳米材料无法比拟的独特优势，如具有良好的水溶性、化学惰性、低毒性、易于功能化、抗光漂白性、可调谐和生物相容性等优异性能，因而引起研究者的广泛关注。目前已发展水热法等近十种较为经济便捷的方法，可进行大规模的荧光碳点制备，在细胞功能研究及细胞表面和内部功能分子的探测、组织的成像、病菌的定位等方面得到了较为广泛的应用。笔者对近年来荧光碳点的合成方法、依赖于碳点尺寸和波长等性质的发光性能，以及荧光碳点在生物成像等方面的应用作一简要综述，并对其在药用植物病理方面的应用提出展望，期望为丰富荧光碳点在生物成像领域的应用提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

碳点在潜在指纹显影中的应用进展

碳点(CDs)是一种尺寸在10 nm以下的新型纳米材料,由于其独特的发光性能、低毒和环保等特点,在潜指纹检测中展现出了巨大的应用潜力。在潜指纹检测中,碳点的荧光特性可以帮助提高潜指纹的成像和识别能力。本文综述了碳点的合成方法、发光机理及其在潜指纹检测中的应用。通过合成方法优选、元素掺杂、前驱体调控、表面改性等手段可以调控碳点的荧光发射波长;再将碳点纳米粒子均匀分散在天然或常规材料上,所获得的碳点纳米复合材料可以避免因碳点纳米粒子聚集而引发的荧光淬灭现象,保留碳点的荧光性能,并且更适用于潜在指纹显现的常规操作。本文展望了在潜在指纹显影研究中碳点的未来发展方向,通过不断的改进和创新,期许为刑事科学技术领域的研究工作提供重要参考。     

基于碳点的发光材料在潜在手印显现中的应用

遗留在犯罪现场的肉眼不可见的潜在手印是一类重要的痕迹物证,检验鉴定前需要使用一定技术手段将其显现出来。近年来,一些新材料和新技术的引入为手印显现技术的革新注入了新活力,其中稀土发光材料、量子点、荧光金属纳米簇等发光材料在该领域展现出极大潜力。碳点作为具有良好光致发光性能的新型纳米材料,近来逐渐引起了手印显现领域研究人员的广泛关注。本文综述了两类基于碳点材料的手印显现技术国内外研究进展,分别是液体分散碳点用于手印显现和固态发光碳点用于手印显现。具体来说,液体分散碳点显现手印的原理主要基于传统小微粒悬浮液机理或一些特殊效应(咖啡环效应、界面偏析效应);用于手印显现的固态发光碳点包括固态碳点粉末和固态碳点复合粉末两类,合成这些材料时研究人员采用了不同的策略。最后,从三个方面分析了碳点在手印显现应用中面临的问题,即碳点物理形貌和表面性质、碳点光致发光性质以及碳点显现过程与化学生物分析兼容性,并就解决问题的可能途径提出了展望。     

基于Cite Space的碳量子点研究热点及趋势可视化分析

利用Cite Space软件梳理了碳量子点领域1998～2021年期间3465篇文献的主要研究信息（国家、机构、作者）,归纳了该领域的研究主题及热点。碳量子点作为一种具有良好荧光性能的碳纳米材料,在荧光检测、传感器、光催化降解等方面得到广泛应用。2011～2021年,碳量子点领域研究呈现高速发展态势。中国科学院、苏州大学及江苏大学等机构的学者在该领域的学术研究十分活跃。该领域的研究主题及热点呈现阶段性特点,2003～2007年,研究主题是碳量子点合成,研究热点是碳量子点的反应活性和转化率;2008～2012年,研究主题是碳量子点合成及发光机理,研究热点是碳量子点的光致发光机理和光催化降解;2013～2017年,研究主题是碳量子点绿色合成和传感器应用,研究热点是碳量子点传感器和检测应用;2018年至今,研究主题是碳量子点传感器以及复合碳量子点材料对有机污染物的光催化降解性能,研究热点是碳量子点在生物传感器,生物检测等领域的应用开发。     

发光碳量子点的合成及应用

碳元素是地球上所有已知生命的基础.由于其具有多样的电子轨道特性(sp、sp²、sp³),因此形成许多结构和性质奇特的物质.碳量子点是2004年发现的一种新型碳材料,相对于传统的半导体量子点和有机染料,这位碳家族中的新成员不仅保持了碳材料毒性小、生物相容性好等优点,而且还拥有发光范围可调、双光子吸收截面大、光稳定性好、无光闪烁、易于功能化、价廉、易大规模合成等无可比拟的优势.虽然在某些性能方面,稀土荧光纳米颗粒可以与之媲美,但是稀土元素昂贵的价格极大地限制了其在实际生产中的应用.因此,对碳量子点这一新兴领域的研究必将对材料科学的发展产生重大影响,它也会为碳家族赢得更多的荣耀.本论文的主要工作是建立了一步合成高荧光量子效率碳量子点的合成方法;对碳量子点的表面进行功能化;制备了碳量子点薄膜、块体和流体材料。     

荧光碳点的合成及对酿酒酵母的毒性研究

以葡萄糖为碳源采用溶剂热法合成了荧光碳点。紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱以及透射电镜照片表明,所合成的荧光碳点发光性能优异,分散性好,且无团聚现象。荧光碳点原溶液出现浓度淬灭现象,稀释60倍情况下荧光最强。以酿酒酵母为模型生物,考察了不同生长时期(调整期、对数期早期、对数期中期)的酿酒酵母与不同浓度的荧光碳点共培养后的生长曲线。结果表明,即使荧光碳点浓度在27.75 mmol.L-1条件下也没有影响酵母菌的生长曲线,可认为基本没有细胞毒性。比较了相同荧光强度下的荧光碳点与CdTe量子点对酿酒酵母的细胞毒性,结果表明荧光碳点的毒性显著低于量子点的毒性。     

基于碳量子点的绿色合成及生物成像研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

碳量子点(CQDs)作为碳纳米材料家族成员之一,因其原材料广、成本低廉、较高的光致发光性能和良好的生物相容性,在研究和应用领域都受到了广泛的关注,是应用于生物成像的理想材料。CQDs的绿色合成是指采用环保型或无毒型原料,通过绿色合成方法,如炭化法、微波法、水热法等,合成具有荧光性能的无毒碳量子点,与传统的化学氧化、激光烧蚀、热解处理等方法相比,更加绿色环保、经济,其应用已成为研究热点。本文对碳量子点材料特性、绿色合成过程机理、绿色合成原料来源、合成方法,及其在癌细胞、微生物细胞等细胞成像方面的应用进行了综述,探讨了绿色合成CQDs的利弊问题,并提出了今后该研究领域面临的机遇与挑战。     

掺杂碳点的制备及其应用研究进展

掺杂碳点因其丰富的制备手段、优良的光学性质以及良好的生物相容性,在生物检测、防伪、药物传输、光电器件等领域具有巨大的潜在应用空间,是极具发展潜力的炭基材料之一.近年来,如何提高碳点的发光效率、探索发光机理、拓展碳点新的应用方向引起广泛关注.本文综述了不同掺杂碳点的特性,总结了碳点在不同领域的应用,并且分析了碳点存在的问题.     

碳点的性质及其在生物传感器领域的应用

碳点(carbon dots,CDs)作为一种具有优良生物相容性、低毒性和表面功能可调的新型碳基纳米材料,在生物传感领域具有极大的应用潜力.本文对碳点的生物效应、发光性质及其发光机理进行了简述,并根据传感机制的不同,将CDs在生物传感领域的应用分为荧光(fluorescence,FL)传感器、电致发光(electroc...     

异元素掺杂碳点的制备及其在生物成像中的应用

荧光碳点具有良好的生物相容性和优良的抗光漂白能力,因此碳点在生物荧光成像方面的应用潜力受到广泛关注,但是碳点相对较低的荧光量子产率和缺乏近红外荧光发射的缺陷限制了碳点在荧光成像分析中的应用.随着异元素掺杂对碳点结构和荧光性质的改善,碳点被越来越广泛地用于生物成像.本文对近年来元素掺杂碳点的合成方法、异元素掺杂对碳点光学性质的影响和元素掺杂碳点在成像分析中的进展进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

Tunable Photoluminescence Across the Entire Visible Spectrum from Carbon Dots Excited by White Light

Although reports have shown shifts in carbon dot emission wavelengths resulting from varying the excitation wavelength, this excitation‐dependent emission does not constitute true tuning, as the shifted peaks have much weaker intensity than their dominant emission, and this is often undesired in real world applications. We report for the first time the synthesis and photoluminescence properties of carbon dots whose peak fluorescence emission wavelengths are tunable across the entire visible spectrum by simple adjustment of the reagents and synthesis conditions, and these carbon dots are excited by white light. Detailed material characterization has revealed that this tunable emission results from changes in the carbon dots’ chemical composition, dictated by dehydrogenation reactions occurring during carbonization. These significantly alter the nucleation and growth process, resulting in dots with either more oxygen‐containing or nitrogen‐containing groups that ultimately determine their photoluminescence properties, which is in stark contrast to previous observations of carbon dot excitation‐dependent fluorescence. This new ability to synthesize broadband excitable carbon dots with tunable peak emissions opens up many new possibilities, particularly in multimodal sensing, in which multiple analytes and processes could be monitored simultaneously by associating a particular carbon dot emission wavelength to a specific chemical process without the need for tuning the excitation source.     

豆奶粉提取碳点及含碳点荧光纳米纤维的制备

以豆奶粉为碳源, 以有机硅烷为钝化剂, 用水热合成法制备碳点, 采用静电纺丝技术, 以碳点与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)共混溶液为纺丝液, 制备了含碳点的纳米纤维. 通过紫外吸收光谱、 荧光吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱表征了碳点性质. 结果显示, 所得碳点纳米纤维直径分布均匀, 形貌良好, 碳点分散溶液在340~540 nm的紫外光激发下发出强青绿色荧光, 荧光发射峰出现在550 nm处, 并且随着激发波长增加有微弱的红移.     

Facile access to versatile fluorescent carbon dots toward light-emitting diodes

We report the facile synthesis of carbon dots with tunable fluorescence from unzipping of photonic crystals and their application in LEDs, which may provide an insight into the creation of multifunctional carbon dots adapted for various applications such as in optoelectronics, sensing, or bioimaging.     

海带碳点对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响

以水产养殖常见的藻类海带为原料,通过水热法绿色、便捷、高效地合成了生物质碳点,全程实现了从原料选择到材料合成的绿色环保无污染。选择斑马鱼模式生物作为研究对象,研究不同浓度碳点在斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中的荧光成像以及代谢情况。并通过研究碳点对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响,包括孵化率、心率和成鱼存活率等指标,评价了制备的海带碳点的生物安全性。     

海带碳点对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响

以水产养殖常见的藻类海带为原料, 通过水热法绿色、便捷、高效地合成了生物质碳点, 全程实现了从原料选择到材料合成的绿色环保无污染。选择斑马鱼模式生物作为研究对象, 研究不同浓度碳点在斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中的荧光成像以及代谢情况。并通过研究碳点对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响, 包括孵化率、心率和成鱼存活率等指标, 评价了制备的海带碳点的生物安全性。     

碳基量子点荧光传感器在环境检测中的应用研究

由于优越的光学性能、良好的水溶性及生物相容性,碳基量子点在荧光传感器方面的应用引起了越来越多人的关注,特别是对金属离子卓越的检测性能使其广泛应用于环境检测。为了帮助更好地了解到碳基量子点的应用,本文对碳量子点、石墨烯量子点、氧化石墨烯量子点的合成及其在环境检测中的应用进行总结,并对碳基量子点荧光传感器的应用进行展望。     

Convenient Determination of Sulfamethazine in Milk by Novel Ratiometric Fluorescence with Carbon and Quantum Dots with On-site Naked-eye Detection and Low Interferences

Sulfamethazine, one of the most widely applied feed additives, has been shown to cause negative health effects to humans. In the present work, a novel and facile fluorescence visual detection probe was established to determine sulfamethazine in milk samples with naked-eye detection. Considering the good stability, excellent optical properties, and easy synthesis, blue-emission carbon dots were used as the standard signal and red-emission CdTe quantum dots as the responsive signal for the determination of sulfamethazine. The fluorescence intensity of red-emission CdTe quantum dots was gradually quenched with increasing concentration of sulfamethazine, while the blue-emission carbon dots response remained constant. Apparent color variations were observed by naked-eye detection in the concentration range from 9.0 to 54?µmol?·?L^?1. In addition, the presented strategy was shown to be promising to provide a rapid, facile, and sensitive method for the determination of sulfamethazine in milk samples with few interferences.     

Carbon quantum dots from natural resource: A review

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new class of fluorescence small carbon nanoparticles with a particle size of less than 10 nm and have vast applications in the field of bioimaging, biosensing and disease-detection. These are promising materials for nano-biotechnology since it has smaller particle size, excellent biocompatibility and excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence (PL) behavior, photo induced electron transfer, chemical inertness and low toxicity. These materials have excellent fluorescent properties such as broad excitation spectra, narrow and tunable emission spectra, and high photostability against photo bleaching and blinking than other fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots. This review article demonstrate the recent progress in the synthesis, functionalization and technical applications of carbon quantum dots using electrochemical oxidation, combustion/thermal, chemical change, microwave heating, arc-discharge, and laser ablation methods from various natural resources. Natural carbon sources are used for the preparation of CQDs due to its low cost, environmental friendly and widely available.     

Highly Luminescent N‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as an Effective Multifunctional Fluorescence Sensing Platform

The doping of carbon quantum dots with nitrogen provides a promising direction to improve fluorescence performance and broaden their applications in sensing systems. Herein we report a one‐pot solvothermal synthesis of N‐doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) and the synthesis of a series of NCQDs with different nitrogen contents. The as‐prepared NCQDs were compared with carbon quantum dots (CQDs); the introduction of nitrogen atoms largely increased the quantum yield of NCQDs and highest emission efficiency is up to 36.3 %. The fluorescence enhancement may originate from more polyaromatic structures induced by incorporated nitrogen atoms and protonation of nitrogen atoms on dots. It was found that NCQDs can act as a multifunctional fluorescence sensing platform because they can be used to detect pH values, Ag^I, and Fe^III in aqueous solution. The fluorescence intensity of NCQDs is inversely proportional to pH values across a broad range from 5.0 to 13.5, which indicates that NCQDs can be devised as an effective pH indicator. Selective detection of Ag^I and Fe^III was achieved based on their distinctive fluorescence influence because Ag^I can significantly enhance the fluorescence whereas Fe^III can greatly quench the fluorescence. The quantitative determination of Ag^I can be accomplished with NCQDs by using the linear relationship between fluorescence intensity of NCQDs and concentration of Ag^I. The sensitive detection of H₂O₂ was developed by taking advantage of the distinct quenching ability of Fe^III and Fe^II toward the fluorescence of NCQDs. Cellular toxicity test showed NCQDs still retain low toxicity to cells despite the introduction of a great deal of nitrogen atoms. Moreover, bioimaging experiments demonstrated that NCQDs have stronger resistance to photobleaching than CQDs and more excellent fluorescence labeling performance.