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有机太阳电池是一类以有机光电材料为核心的新型光伏技术,具有重量轻、颜色可调、可低成本溶液加工、可实现柔性和半透明等突出优点,在建筑-光伏一体化、半透明车窗、便携式移动充电等领域具有独特的应用潜力.随着有机太阳电池在新材料方面的进步以及器件物理方面的发展,有机太阳电池效率实现了多次突破.与此同时,面向商业应用的大面积有机太阳电池模组的开发也越来越受到研究人员的关注.本文围绕溶液加工大面积有机太阳电池材料与器件,主要介绍了我们在领域内的工作进展,包括大面积均匀阴极界面层的构筑,印刷加工活性层过度聚集行为的抑制,新型印刷加工器件结构的探索等.最后讨论了有机太阳电池模组存在的问题,并对其未来发展进行了展望. 相似文献
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四元化合物半导体铜锌锡硫(Cu2 ZnSnS4,CZTS)由于其四种组成元素在地壳中丰度非常高且安全无毒,因而成本低廉。CZTS作为直接带隙半导体材料,其吸收光谱与太阳辐射光谱匹配性好、光吸收系数高,具有结构与性质可调可控、光电性能优异等优势,是发展绿色、低成本、高效率和稳定薄膜太阳电池的理想核心材料。近年来,国内外研究者对CZTS的结构与性质、制备工艺、应用尤其是通过结构、成分的调控提高其光电转换效率等方面进行了广泛的研究和探讨。本文对CZTS的结构演变、制备工艺、光电性质与应用等进行综述,重点分析了晶体结构、缺陷、表面与界面、合金化等因素对其光伏性能的影响。同时,对CZTS作为新型能量转换材料在光催化和热电等领域的应用进行了探讨。最后对CZTS目前存在的挑战和今后的研究重点进行总结并展望了将来可能的突破方向。 相似文献
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电子传输与复合是染料敏化太阳电池中仍然存在争议的基本物理过程,解决这些争议对于进一步提高染料敏化太阳电池的光伏性能及稳定性是至关重要的。多缺陷理论模型用扩散系数及电子寿命这两个基本物理量准确地描述了染料敏化太阳电池中的电子传输及复合。为了对扩散系数及电子寿命等物理参数进行实验测量,近年来,人们发展出了频域、时域以及稳态等多种实验方法和技术手段,本文对这些方法进行了综述,并分别从纳晶半导体光阳极、电解质以及敏化染料等方面评述了近年来电子传输及复合的相关研究进展。 相似文献
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有机太阳电池因具有质量轻、色彩丰富及可制备柔性大面积器件等优势而备受关注.开发高性能的活性层给、受体材料及界面层材料是提升有机太阳电池光电性能的关键.金属配合物兼具金属配位的自组装有序性和有机分子的结构多样性,且具有较高的三线态激子密度和较长的激子寿命,是一类重要的光电功能材料.随着对不同金属配合物光电性质的不断研究,越来越多的金属配合物光电材料被应用于有机太阳电池中,并获得了较高的器件光电性能.本文综述了基于铂、锌、铱、钌、锆等金属的配合物在有机太阳电池活性层、界面层及添加剂中的应用,并对其结构-性能关系进行了深入分析,最后对这类材料面临的挑战与机遇进行了展望,以便为高性能金属配合物材料的设计及其在有机太阳电池中的应用提供参考与启发. 相似文献
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基于ZnO光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文全面介绍了基于ZnO光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池的研究和应用现状,特别是ZnO光阳极的制备方法,包括传统的手术刀法、丝网印刷技术和电沉积自组装方法,以及最近发展起来的机械挤压法、化学液相沉积法、化学气相沉积法和低温水热法等,对不同制备薄膜方法的工艺条件和优缺点进行了综述.同时介绍了微/纳米复合结构和直线电子传输对光电转换效率提高的作用.指出了ZnO太阳电池未来发展方向是:探索制备ZnO电极的新形貌和新方法,寻找性能更加优异的染料,以提高ZnO太阳电池的光电转换效率. 相似文献
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钙钛矿太阳电池制备工艺简单,效率提升迅速,被认为是最具应用潜力的新一代光伏技术之一。近年来,大量研究表明,钙钛矿光电材料可以通过自掺杂或外源掺杂的方式实现薄膜导电类型(p型或n型)的定向调控;而具有双层薄膜结构的钙钛矿p-n同质结可以通过薄膜双沉积技术制备,这为钙钛矿同质结太阳电池的设计与制备提供了技术基础。新型钙钛矿同质结太阳电池摒弃传统的电子传输层和空穴传输层,可简化电池结构,不仅有利于提升电池工作稳定性,降低成本,更能进一步释放钙钛矿太阳电池在柔性和半透明应用中的潜力,推动钙钛矿电池的实用化进程。本文围绕钙钛矿同质结太阳电池,综述了钙钛矿光电材料p/n特性掺杂和钙钛矿同质结的研究进展,讨论了钙钛矿同质结太阳电池的基本结构和工作原理,并对其当前存在的技术问题和应用前景进行了总结与展望。 相似文献
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Li Zhao Jiaguo Yu Jiajie Fan Pengcheng Zhai Shiming Wang 《Electrochemistry communications》2009,11(10):2052-2055
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are fabricated based on ordered titanate nanotube (TNT) films obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Calcination temperatures show a great influence on the performance of TNT solar cells. At 300 °C, the cells exhibit very low photo-electric conversion efficiency. At 400 °C, the efficiency obviously increases. At 600 °C, the cells show the highest efficiency, which is higher than the efficiency of the cells made from commercial-grade Degussa P25 TiO2 nanoparticles (P25). 相似文献
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P(VDF-HFP)基凝胶电解质染料敏化纳米TiO2薄膜太阳电池 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
采用循环伏安法(CV)研究了凝胶电解质中I3-/I-氧化还原行为,凝胶电解质中I3-/I-的表观扩散系数和相应的稳态扩散电流明显低于液体电解质.通过对阴/阳离子的结合能和孔穴阻塞作用的研究解释了凝胶电解质电导率较液体电解质发生变化的原因.制备的凝胶电解质电池具有较高的光电转换效率(6.6%),其短路电流密度(Jsc)仅比液体电解质电池低0.3-0.4 mA/cm2,电池效率也仅低约0.6%. 相似文献
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This paper reports the synthesis and characteristics of a series of alkyl-substituted planar polymers. The physical properties are carefully tuned to optimize their photovoltaic performance. Depending on the length of soluble alkyl side chains which modify the structural order and orientation substantially in polymer backbones, the device performance can be improved significantly. The tuning of HOMO energy levels optimized polymers’ spectral coverage of absorption and their hole mobility, as well as miscibility with fullerene; all these efforts enhanced polymer solar cell performances. The shortcircuit current, Jsc for polymer solar cells was increased by adjusting polymer chain packing ability. It was found that films with well distributed polymer/fullerene interpenetrating network exhibit improved solar cell conversion efficiency. Enhanced efficiency up to 5.8% has been demonstrated. The results provide important insights about the roles of flexile chains in structure-property relationship for the design of new polymers to be used in high efficient solar cells. 相似文献
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吴世康 《影像科学与光化学》2013,31(3):161-174
通过激子增殖来提高太阳能电池的光-电转换效率是近年来颇受重视的一个研究方向.本文对激子增殖产生的途径与机制,以及在其形成过程中应注意的各种因素作了扼要的介绍和讨论,诸如:冲击离子化过程、声子瓶颈现象、热-电子的冷却过程、Auger重合过程,以及热-电子的电子转移过程等,同时也对检测这一过程的重要方法——瞬态(泵浦-探测)吸收光谱(TA)作了简要介绍,并通过某些实例对这一现象在作为第三代太阳能电池中光-电转换材料的半导体量子点内情况作了说明. 相似文献
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Jae Hyun Han Sung-Hwan Lee Byeong-Kwon Ju Bok-Ryul Yoo So-Hye Cho Joon Soo Han 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2018,44(8):4733-4744
The performance of solar cell devices is dependent on various factors, and the spectral mismatch limits the upper limit of performance. Using a spectral converter to manipulate solar radiation is one way to improve solar cell efficiency. We present herein a spectral converter to move the short-wavelength (< 400 nm) range of solar radiation to the longer-wavelength range. The spectral converter comprises fluorescent lanthanide complexes uniformly embedded in silicone resin. A successful spectral converter showed transmittance of over 85%, and when applied in a Si solar cell, its relative efficiency was increased up to 4%. 相似文献
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介绍一个研究探索型的大学化学综合性实验——天然染料敏化太阳能电池的制备。内容包括天然染料的提取,天然染料及其敏化的光阳极的紫外-可见吸收光谱的测试,染料敏化太阳能电池的制备以及光电性能测试等。通过本实验的实践,可以让学生更好地掌握相关专业知识,提高实验操作技能和专业素质,激发学生对科学研究的兴趣,培养科研探究能力。 相似文献
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《Journal of Saudi Chemical Society》2020,24(3):303-320
In this review, the introduction of solar cells is presented. Old and new generation solar cells are briefly described. Quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs), perovskite solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are concisely introduced. The sensitization mechanism in DSSCs is discussed in detail concerning the spectral and electron injection properties of different dyes. An analysis of the intramolecular charge transfer process in the excited dye molecule is also provided. The use of porphyrin-based dyes as sensitizers in DSSCs is then reviewed. The design, synthesis, and photovoltaic application of a wide variety of porphyrin-based dyes as well as porphyrin dyads are presented and discussed. Theoretical studies of the spectral and electronic properties of different porphyrin-based dyes using DFT and TD-DFT methods are described. The different possibilities for improving the light-to-electrical energy conversion performance are discussed, such as structural modifications through introducing push-pull moieties, which in turn tunes the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of the sensitizing dye used in the DSSC. Experimental, as well as theoretical calculations of adsorption energies of the sensitizing dyes, are crucial for predicting the relative performance and efficiency of the dyes. 相似文献
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Eva Mª Barea Dr. Rubén Caballero Francisco Fabregat‐Santiago Dr. Pilar De La Cruz Dr. Fernando Langa Prof. Juan Bisquert Prof. 《Chemphyschem》2010,11(1):245-250
Five new sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells have been designed consisting of conjugated thienylenevinylene units threaded with alkyl chains to improve solubility and cyanoacetic acid as anchoring group. The conjugation length was increased from 2 to 6 thienylenevinylene units, which resulted in a red‐shift of the optical absorption of the dyes from 550 to 750 nm, improving the spectral overlap with the solar spectrum. The photovoltaic performance of these dyes as sensitizers in mesoporous TiO2 solar cells shows a clear correlation of increasing photocurrent with the extension of the conjugation up to an optimal length. Further extension of the conjugation increases the absorption but additional effects like self‐quenching or recombination processes reduce the photocurrent and photovoltages and consequently the overall efficiency of the DSC. 相似文献
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Numata Y Ashraful I Shirai Y Han L 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2011,47(21):6159-6161
Novel donor-π-spacer-acceptor type organic dyes bearing various electron-withdrawing groups on their acceptor part were synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation with acetic acid silyl ester derivatives. Dye-sensitized solar cells with the new dyes present solar light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 2.51-4.05%. 相似文献