无透镜数字全息显微成像技术与应用

针对微结构和微光学元件等微小物体的表面定量检测,本文介绍了一种利用无透镜数字全息的快速、无损的显微成像方法。首先介绍了基于球面波的无透镜数字全息显微成像技术的基本原理,采用CCD作为光电转换器件,基于迈克尔逊干涉光路,设计了无透镜数字全息显微成像系统,利用反射镜构成折反式光路,系统结构简单、紧凑,提升了系统便携性。然后利用USAF1951分辨率板对构建的成像系统进行了标定实验,得出其横向分辨率为6.69μm,放大倍率为3.375,系统工作距离为12.0mm。此外,还对晶圆表面结构进行实际测量。实验验证了该系统的可行性和有效性,有望进一步应用于MEMS、微光学元件、光学元件等表面形貌的定量测量中。     

数字全息显微在医学影像中的发展与最新应用

随着CCD等光电成像器件和计算机技术的迅猛发展,数字全息显微技术不断发展成熟起来,以其非接触、定量、三维成像等特点广泛应用于医学影像领域。本文综述了数字全息显微技术在生物医学方面的发展;比较了数字全息显微技术与其它显微技术在生物医学成像方面的优缺点;分析总结了不同全息显微影像信息系统;论述了不同光源结构对数字全息显微成像效果的重要影响以及相应算法补偿;列举了数字全息显微在生物医学中的最新应用。     

大数值孔径光学镜约束多级衍射机理

针对基于激光照明的离轴全息显微成像系统存在散斑和寄生条纹噪声,以及基于部分相干光照明的离轴数字全息显微技术存在相干条纹对比度差的问题,本文提出了一种基于单色LED照明的衍射相位显微成像系统。该系统利用大数值孔径物镜及光栅对物光进行多级衍射,并采用4f系统和空间滤波器分离出0级和+1级信息,分别作为参考光和物光,最终两束光在CCD阵面上干涉产生离轴全息图,从而形成共光路全息成像结构。通过理论分析和计算,对实验用到的光学元器件进行选型,确保衍射光频谱信息能够分开且满足抽样条件。最后与传统激光离轴数字全息显微成像检测结果进行对比,实验结果表明,本文提出的系统能够获得较高的成像准确度和信噪比。     

基于动态散斑干涉的数字全息成像技术研究

基于干涉测量原理的定量相位显微镜(QPM)在生物医学成像领域中得到了重要应用,在QPM中使用传统光源(如白光和激光)干涉的理论非常成熟。最近,在QPM中使用动态散斑照明(DSI)因其具备优于传统光源的优势而备受关注。本文基于DSI搭建了两套离轴全息成像系统(DSI-DHM),分别对USAF1951(表面镀铑高度为110 nm)标准分辨率版和人体红细胞进行了相位成像,实验结果初步验证了基于DSI数字全息系统具有高时间相干性与较低的空间相干性、高空间相位灵敏度、可扩展的视场和分辨率等优势。     

数字全息重构图像边缘误差抑制方法研究

数字全息技术由于其高灵敏度、高准确度、分辨能力强,且再现、存储及传输方便灵活等特点,在微纳结构与生物细胞的测量领域中得到越来越广泛的应用。然而,记录数字全息图受孔径有限等因素的影响,其重构图像会产生一些类似于波纹的边缘误差,导致成像质量降低和CCD视场不能充分利用。本文首先基于数字全息理论对误差产生原因进行了理论分析,并对边缘误差产生影响的数值参数进行了详细讨论,在此基础上,提出了一种周期延拓迭代方法对全息图进行预处理,并使用图像均方差值对迭代结果进行评价。通过计算机仿真与实验,结果表明,该方法能够显著降低边缘误差,提高再现图像质量。     

菲涅耳非相干相关数字全息研究进展

非相干数字全息术是当前国际前沿重要研究领域之一。传统全息术由于采用相干光源照明会在全息图记录过程中引入大量散斑噪声和寄生干涉,且对设备和记录条件要求很高,极大地限制了其应用范围。采用非相干光源照明的非相干全息术则可完全避免这些问题。菲涅耳非相干相关全息术是非相干全息术中最重要的类型之一。本文简要说明了菲涅耳非相干全息术的原理与特点,重点分析了该技术在抑制直流项和共轭像干扰、提高成像分辨率、改善再现像质量及相关应用等方面的研究进展。     

成像技术的回顾与展望

阐述了成像技术发展的3个阶段:机械电子化、自动化、数字成像阶段.具体包括胶片式向磁记录式的转变,胶片式与数字式的兼容,数字式的空间、辐射、光谱和时间分辨率成像的前沿技术.提出由部件到系统的成像自动处理控制理论,并阐述了未来成像技术的发展趋势.     

再现图像细节抑制散斑噪声技术研究

为了消除数字全息再现像产生的散斑噪声,一种基于边缘检测各向异性扩散方程的去噪算法被提出。在各向异性扩散方程(PM)基础上,通过将边缘检测算子结合梯度算子引导扩散过程,边缘检测算子对噪声具有低敏感度,可以更好地区分边缘信息,达到数字全息再现像去噪目的。通过去噪效果图对比和与中值滤波、均值滤波、小波变换滤波算法峰值信噪比(PNSR)的比较,表明本文提出的算法具有更好的去噪效果,在去除噪声的同时有效保护了图像的细节信息。     

高分辨阿达玛变换显微荧光图像分析(Ⅲ)——系统分辨率和图像恢复过程对单细胞分析结果的影响

提出了一种改进的阿达玛变换(HT)显微荧光图像分析系统,以单细胞试样分析为基础,分别对系统的分辨率和解码后的图像恢复过程进行了讨论.结果表明,该系统可应用于单细胞形态分析和定量分析.图像在x和y方向的像素分辨率相同,并达到了同一成像物镜下的空间分辨率水平,因此在获取微米级单细胞试样的微弱荧光信号的二维图像时,系统的成像能力较好,可用于单细胞形态分析.对花粉细胞的荧光衰退过程的定量分析结果表明,对不同HT图像提供的同一系列试样的定量数据进行比较时,必须对所有该系列试样的图像恢复过程进行归一化处理.     

基于傅里叶成像网络的全息粒子成像技术研究

数字全息图重建可以获得物体的三维信息,在医疗、环保、化工等需要测量颗粒大小和三维信息的相关研究有着重要的科学意义和使用价值。粒子全息定位通常有计算复杂和重建精度不足等问题,为了解决相关问题,我们采用一种基于傅里叶成像网络的方法,利用傅里叶变换的特性,能够有效提取全息图的频率特征,结合深度学习技术,通过可学习的滤波器和全局感受野处理输入数据的空间频率,实现对全息图快速和准确的处理,不仅提高了数据处理效率,还具备了更强大的特征提取能力,从而实现对粒子的精确定位。本文通过实验和仿真两方面验证,并与Dense＿U＿net网络对比。结果显示,基于傅里叶成像网络的方法在定位精度和速度上都有显著的提升。并通过实验验证了该方法可行性。     

Vector piezoresponse force microscopy.

A novel approach for nanoscale imaging and characterization of the orientation dependence of electromechanical properties-vector piezoresponse force microscopy (Vector PFM)-is described. The relationship between local electromechanical response, polarization, piezoelectric constants, and crystallographic orientation is analyzed in detail. The image formation mechanism in vector PFM is discussed. Conditions for complete three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the electromechanical response vector and evaluation of the piezoelectric constants from PFM data are set forth. The developed approach can be applied to crystallographic orientation imaging in piezoelectric materials with a spatial resolution below 10 nm. Several approaches for data representation in 2D-PFM and 3D-PFM are presented. The potential of vector PFM for molecular orientation imaging in macroscopically disordered piezoelectric polymers and biological systems is discussed.     

Advances in Acoustical Holography

The most recent branch of holography, acoustical holography employing acoustical radiation, presents a variety of new and highly interesting possible applications: Thus objects can be imaged in a turbid liquid medium (marine research); the technique can be used for non-destructive investigations of the internal structure of objects that are opaque to light (testing of materials) and is possibly also a potential tool for the three-dimensional imaging of biological structures (biomedical diagnosis).     

Infrared chemical imaging: Spatial resolution evaluation and super-resolution concept

Chemical imaging systems help to solve many challenges in various scientific fields. Able to deliver rapid spatial and chemical information, modern infrared spectrometers using Focal Plane Array detectors (FPA) are of great interest. Considering conventional infrared spectrometers with a single element detector, we can consider that the diffraction-limited spatial resolution is more or less equal to the wavelength of the light (i.e. 2.5-25 μm). Unfortunately, the spatial resolution of FPA spectroscopic setup is even lower due to the detector pixel size. This becomes a real constraint when micron-sized samples are analysed. New chemometrics methods are thus of great interest to overcome such resolution drawback, while keeping our far-field infrared imaging spectrometers. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the super-resolution concept in order to increase the spatial resolution of infrared imaging spectrometers using FPA detectors. The main idea of super-resolution is the fusion of several low-resolution images of the same sample to obtain a higher-resolution image. Applying the super-resolution concept on a relatively low number of FPA acquisitions, it was possible to observe a 30% decrease in spatial resolution.     

Dual-Mode Superresolution Imaging Using Charge Transfer Dynamics in Semiconducting Polymer Dots

In a conjugated polymer-based single-particle heterojunction, stochastic fluctuations of the photogenerated hole population lead to spontaneous fluorescence switching. We found that 405 nm irradiation can induce charge recombination and activate the single-particle emission. Based on these phenomena, we developed a novel class of semiconducting polymer dots that can operate in two superresolution imaging modes. The spontaneous switching mode offers efficient imaging of large areas, with <10 nm localization precision, while the photoactivation/deactivation mode offers slower imaging, with further improved localization precision (ca. 1 nm), showing advantages in resolving small structures that require high spatial resolution. Superresolution imaging of microtubules and clathrin-coated pits was demonstrated, under both modes. The excellent localization precision and versatile imaging options provided by these nanoparticles offer clear advantages for imaging of various biological systems.     

Time series hyperspectral chemical imaging data: challenges, solutions and applications

Hyperspectral chemical imaging (HCI) integrates imaging and spectroscopy resulting in three-dimensional data structures, hypercubes, with two spatial and one wavelength dimension. Each spatial image pixel in a hypercube contains a spectrum with >100 datapoints. While HCI facilitates enhanced monitoring of multi-component systems; time series HCI offers the possibility of a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of such systems and processes. This implies a need for modeling strategies that can cope with the large multivariate data structures generated in time series HCI experiments. The challenges posed by such data include dimensionality reduction, temporal morphological variation of samples and instrumental drift. This article presents potential solutions to these challenges, including multiway analysis, object tracking, multivariate curve resolution and non-linear regression. Several real world examples of time series HCI data are presented to illustrate the proposed solutions.