孔耦合自由电子激光振荡器光场横向结构特性

 孔耦合输出对自由电子激光(FEL)振荡器腔内光场的横向结构有很大的影响, 在输出镜上横模之间发生很复杂的耦合转换。基于中物院远红外自由电子激光振荡器, 研究了 孔输出波导 FEL的数值模拟, 对孔耦合及其引起的腔内光场的变化给以特别的注意, 依据数 值结果, 分析了孔耦合FEL光场横向结构的特性。     

第四代光源

 第四代光源（X射线激光）是继第三代同步辐射光源以后,人们正在探索之中的新一代光源,它在亮度、相干性和时间结构上都大大优于第三代同步辐射光源。从目前发展的趋势来看,新一代的短脉冲、高亮度、可调的相干X射线光源将是基于自放大自发辐射原理的高增益自由电子激光（SASE FEL）。综述了第四代光源的由来、它和SASE的关系, 它的优异特性、发展现状以及应用前景。     

利用Compton散射对自由电子激光器的研究

通过坐标变换的方法，利用康普顿散射对自由电子激光器(FEL)的自发辐射进行了研究，精确地推导了FEL的自发辐射的波长公式，其近似式就是经典散射理论推导的自发辐射波长公式；对自发辐射的辐射功率也进行了近似推导，结果与经典散射理论公式一致。     

高增益自由电子激光与晶体学发展

<正>高增益自由电子激光原理自由电子激光(Free Electron Laser,简写为FEL)是以相对论性电子束为放大介质、基于电磁辐射机制的相干光源。自由电子激光原理是20世纪70年代中期发展起来的,1976年,美国的梅迪(J.M.J.Madey)博士等人首次在实验上证实了振荡器型低增益FEL的原理,引起科技界极大的兴趣。20世纪80年代,科学家们提出了SASE(Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission,自放大自发辐射)高增益自由     

原子系统量的涨落与亚泊松激光的关系

此文在理论上研究了非相干泵浦的常规三能级激光器输出光场和原子系统的稳态和噪声涨落行为，指出：在泵浦率与激光下能级自发辐射率可以比拟时，输出光场呈亚泊松统计，这源于原子系统参量涨落的非经典特性。     

横模谱方法与孔耦合FEL振荡器数值模拟

 横模谱方法广泛应用于自由电子激光振荡器数值模拟。以孔耦合波导FEL振荡器的模型问题为例,通过对数值结果的分析和比较,说明横模谱方法的应用效果取决于诸多物理因素,在孔耦合情形下,主要取决于孔耦合效应及其引起的腔内光场横模结构的发展变化。     

Y型四能级原子系统对探测场的吸收和色散

运用数值模拟的方法计算了Y型四能级原子系统在弱场条件下对探测场的吸收和色散.结果发 现，通过调制能级间附加的外场强度，该系统呈现出电磁感应透明特性，出现增益区并伴有 较大负折射率的色散效应.同时还发现，当外加场的拉比频率相位发生改变时，系统对探测 光场的吸收和色散将随之变化. 关键词： 电磁感应透明 自发辐射 量子干涉     

CAEP远红外100 μm FEL自发辐射谱的实验研究

在FEL实验中,电子束通过摇摆器,一方面由于周期性磁场作用,电子束轨迹要周期性的摆动,另一方面还要辐射同FEL辐射波长一致的自发辐射,该辐射谱反映电子束、摇摆器集成后的参数。在CAEP(Institute of China Academic Engineering Physics)远红外100 μm FEL实验中,自发辐射谱通过Ge∶Ga低温探头和远红外100 μm光栅谱仪测量。文章侧重从实际摇摆器磁场分析了远红外100 μm FEL的自发辐射谱。     

含石墨烯二维金属结构中的自发辐射研究

研究原子在金属结构中的自发辐射时引入单层石墨烯薄膜,利用石墨烯特殊的光电特性来调控原子的自发辐射率.推导了局态密度与自发辐射率的格林函数表示形式,并结合频域有限差分方法进行了数值模拟.分析结果表明:随着化学势的增大,自发辐射波峰出现蓝移现象,且自发辐射率波峰得到增强,理论上实现了原子自发辐射率峰值位置与幅度的调制.研究结果可以为新型纳米器件及光电子设备的制造和优化提供参考.     

孔耦合自由电子激光振荡器的数值模拟方法

针对孔耦合波导自由电子激光振荡器腔内光场横向特性,应用有限元法于慢变光场方程,并对输出腔镜上孔耦合过程加以较准确的描述,而后通过对数值结果的分析比较,说明这一模拟方法较好地描述了孔耦合引起的腔内光场横向结构的变化发展特性,改善了模拟结果。     

Experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic radiation from a visible self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser at saturation

Nonlinear harmonic radiation was observed using the VISA self-amplified, spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) at saturation. The gain lengths, spectra, and energies of the three lowest SASE FEL modes were experimentally characterized. The measured nonlinear harmonic gain lengths and center spectral wavelengths decrease with harmonic number, n, which is consistent with nonlinear harmonic theory. Both the second and third nonlinear harmonics energies are about 1% of the fundamental energy. These experimental results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of using nonlinear harmonic SASE FEL radiation to produce coherent, femtosecond x rays.     

First Observation of z-Dependent Electron-Beam Microbunching Using Coherent Transition Radiation

We report the first measurements of the electron-beam microbunching z dependence in a self-amplified spontaneous-emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) experiment by the observation of visible wavelength coherent transition radiation (CTR). In this case the fundamental SASE wavelength was at 537 nm, and the CTR exhibited an exponential intensity growth similar to the SASE radiation. In addition, we observed for the first time structure in the CTR angular distribution patterns that may be useful for optimizing SASE FEL performance.     

Observation of anomalously large spectral bandwidth in a high-gain self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser

Observation of ultrawide bandwidth, up to 15% full-width, high-gain operation of a self-amplified spontaneous emission free-election laser (SASE FEL) is reported. This type of lasing is obtained with a strongly chirped beam (deltaE/E approximately 1.7%) emitted from the accelerator. Because of nonlinear pulse compression during transport, a short, high current bunch with strong mismatch errors is injected into the undulator, giving high FEL gain. Start-to-end simulations reproduce key features of the measurements and provide insight into mechanisms, such as angular spread in emitted photon and electron trajectory distributions, which yield novel features in the radiation spectrum.     

Study on the characteristics of linac based THz light source

There are many methods based on linac for THz radiation production.As one of the options for the Beijing Advanced Light, an ERL test facility is proposed for THz radiation.In this test facility, there are 4 kinds of methods to produce THz radiation: coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR), synchrotron radiation (SR), low gain FEL oscillator, and high gain SASE FEL.In this paper, we study the characteristics of the 4 kinds of THz light sources.     

Output power and degree of transverse coherence of X-ray free electron lasers

The explicit solution of the initial value problem is obtained for a SASE FEL (self-amplified spontaneous emission free electron laser) operating with a large ratio of electron beam emittance to the reduced wavelength, . The output power and the degree of transverse coherence are explicitly calculated for a high-gain linear regime. The degree of coherence is shown to be dependent on the ratio of the number of FEL gain lengths to the parameter . In particular, in the multi-mode limit the radiation from a SASE FEL has by the squared number of gain lengths higher degree of transverse coherence than a synchrotron radiation generated by a beam with the same emittance. An estimate for the degree of coherence of the radiation from X-ray SASE FEL at saturation is presented.     

Spectroscopic characterization of vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser pulses

Because of the stochastic nature of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), it is crucial to measure for single pulses the spectral characteristics of ultrashort pulses from the vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (FLASH) at DESY, Germany. To meet this particular challenge, we have employed both photon and photoelectron spectroscopy. Each FEL pulse is composed of an intense and spectrally complex fundamental, centered at a photon energy of about 38.5 eV, with a bandwidth of 0.5% accompanied by higher harmonics, each carrying an intensity of typically 0.3 to 0.6% of that of the fundamental. The correlation between the harmonics and the fundamental is in remarkable agreement with a simple statistical model of SASE FEL radiation.     

Fully coherent x-ray pulses from a regenerative-amplifier free-electron laser

We propose and analyze a regenerative-amplifier free-electron laser (FEL) to produce fully coherent, hard x-ray pulses. The method makes use of narrow-bandwidth Bragg crystals to form an x-ray feedback loop around a relatively short undulator. Self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) from the leading electron bunch in a bunch train is spectrally filtered by the Bragg reflectors and is brought back to the beginning of the undulator to interact repeatedly with subsequent bunches in the bunch train. The FEL interaction with these short bunches regeneratively amplifies the radiation intensity and broadens its spectrum, allowing for effective transmission of the x rays outside the crystal bandwidth. The spectral brightness of these x-ray pulses is about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that from a single-pass SASE FEL.     

First observation of self-amplified spontaneous emission in a free-electron laser at 109 nm wavelength

We present the first observation of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) in a free-electron laser (FEL) in the vacuum ultraviolet regime at 109 nm wavelength (11 eV). The observed free-electron laser gain (approximately 3000) and the radiation characteristics, such as dependency on bunch charge, angular distribution, spectral width, and intensity fluctuations, are all consistent with the present models for SASE FELs.     

Possible application of X-ray optical elements for reducing the spectral bandwidth of an X-ray SASE FEL

A new design for a single pass X-ray Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) FEL is proposed. The scheme consists of two undulators and an X-ray monochromator located between them. The first stage of the FEL amplifier operates in the SASE linear regime. After the exit of the first undulator the electron bunch is guided through a non-isochronous bypass and the X-ray beam enters the monochromator. The main function of the bypass is to suppress the modulation of the electron beam induced in the first undulator. This is possible because of the finite value of the natural energy spread in the beam. At the entrance to the second undulator the radiation power from the monochromator dominates significantly over the shot noise and the residual electron bunching. As a result the second stage of the FEL amplifier operates in the steady-state regime when the input signal bandwidth is small with respect to that of the FEL amplifier. Integral losses of the radiation power in the monochromator are relatively small because grazing incidence optics can be used. The proposed scheme is illustrated for the example of the 6 nm option SASE FEL at the TESLA Test Facility under construction at DESY. As shown in this paper the spectral bandwidth of such a two-stage SASE FEL (Δλ/λ 5 × 10⁻⁵) is close to the limit defined by the finite duration of the radiation pulse. The average brilliance is equal to 7 × 10²⁴ photons/(s × mrad² × mm² × 0.1% bandw.) which is by two orders of magnitude higher than the value which could be reached by the conventional SASE FEL. The monochromatization of the radiation is performed at a low level of radiation power (about 500 times less than the saturation level) which allows one to use conventional X-ray optical elements (grazing incidence grating and mirrors) for the monochromator design.     

Generation of GW radiation pulses from a VUV free-electron laser operating in the femtosecond regime

Experimental results are presented from vacuum-ultraviolet free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) mode. The generation of ultrashort radiation pulses became possible due to specific tailoring of the bunch charge distribution. A complete characterization of the linear and nonlinear modes of the SASE FEL operation was performed. At saturation the FEL produces ultrashort pulses (30-100 fs FWHM) with a peak radiation power in the GW level and with full transverse coherence. The wavelength was tuned in the range of 95-105 nm.