NiP非晶态合金的负载方法及催化剂的结构与催化性能

采用ＮｉＢ作为引导剂,使ＮｉＰ完全定向沉积到载体上,用ＩＣＰ,ＸＲＤ,ＤＳＣ,ＢＥＴ,ＴＥＭ对制备的负载型ＮｉＰ（Ｂ）催化剂进行表征,研究了这类催化剂对乙烯中微量乙炔的选择加氢性能,结果表明,ＮｉＰ（Ｂ）以超细颗粒分散到载体上,由于少量Ｂ的存在,使其比相应的ＮｉＰ或ＮｉＢ具有更高的热稳定性。非晶态ＮｉＰ（Ｂ）合金催化剂具有比相应的晶态合金更好的催化性能。低温氢气处理可以除去表面镍的氧化物,从而提高     

载体TiO2对Co-P非晶态合金性质的影响

用还原沉积法分别合成了纯态Co-P非晶态合金和一种新型负载非晶态合金催化剂CoP/TiO₂, 用XRD, ICP, TEM, BET和DSC等手段对催化剂的物理性质进行了表征, 比较了它们的结构、组成、形貌、表面积及热稳定性等物理性质及其对PH₃分解的催化活性. 与纯态Co-P非晶态合金比较, CoP/TiO₂具有更大的表面积和较高的热稳定性及催化活性, 这缘于TiO₂载体与催化剂的相互作用以及载体对Co-P良好的分散性能.     

超细Pd—B／SiO2非晶态合金加氢反应的催化活性

采用浸渍法并通过ＫＢＨ４还原制备超细Ｐｄ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２非晶态合金催化剂,以硝基苯加氢生成苯胺为目标反应,考察了上述催化剂的活性和选择性及热稳定性,并与晶态Ｐｄ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２和Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂及非负载型Ｐｄ－Ｂ非晶态合金催化剂进行了比较。     

载体γ-Al2O3和钐对非晶态NiB合金热稳定性的影响

用化学还原法制备了NiB、NiB/Al2O3和NiBSm/Al2O3三种催化剂，它们都呈非晶结构.用等离子耦合发射光谱仪(ICP)对催化剂组分进行了分析，采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）对三种催化剂进行了热稳定性分析.结果表明，载体的引入使非晶态NiB合金的体相组成中B的含量降低.将非晶态NiB合金负载到γ-Al2O3上,可以明显改善非晶态合金的热稳定性，少量Sm可以进一步提高晶化温度.晶化激活能数据亦表明了载体和Sm对非晶结构具有良好的稳定作用.载体和Sm可能通过不同的作用提高了非晶态合金的热稳定性.     

Ni-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂应用于硝基苯液相加氢制苯胺

 考察了Ni－B／SiO2非晶态催化剂在高压液相硝基苯加氢制苯胺反应中的催化活性和选择性．研究表明,该催化剂不仅具有很高的催化活性,而且对苯胺的选择性较高,优于RaneyNi以及其它Ni基催化剂．晶化导致催化剂失活．载体的存在不仅能提高催化剂的分散度,而且能对非晶态结构起稳定化作用;将催化剂保存在乙醇中可保持其活性不变．结合催化剂的表征,讨论了Ni－B／SiO2非晶态催化剂的催化性能与其结构的关系．     

Pd—B／SiO2非晶态合金的晶化过程及其催化加氢活性的研究

用Ｒａｍａｎ,ＸＲＤ,ＳＥＭ等技术,研究了Ｐｄ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２非晶态合金的晶化过程及其对催化活性的影响。研究发现,Ｐｄ＾２＋能高度分散在ＳｉＯ２载体上,并与载体发生作用,但Ｐｄ－Ｂ合金在载体上形成颗粒微细的原子簇,温度低于６７３Ｋ时,这些原子簇在ＳｉＯ２载体上呈非晶态结构,并随着温度的增加而发生团聚。     

Pt对负载型Ni-B非晶态合金苯加氢活性及稳定性的影响

以拟薄水铝石、丝光沸石为原料制备载体AM,采用浸渍-化学还原法制备了不同Pt含量的Ni-Pt-B/AM非晶态合金催化剂,并运用XRD、ESEM、BET、ICP、XPS和H2 -TPR等手段对催化剂进行表征.以苯加氢制环己烷反应为探针,考察了微量Pt对Ni-B/AM非晶态合金催化剂加氢活性及稳定性的影响.结果表明,Ni-...     

States of Carbon Nanotube Supported Mo-Based HDS Catalysts

The dispersion of the active phase and loading capacity of the Mo species on carbon nanotube (CNT) was studied by the XRD technique. The reducibility properties of Co-Mo catalysts in the oxide state over CNTs were investigated by TPR, while the sulfided Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were characterized by means of the XRD and LRS techniques. The activity and selectivity with respect to the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) performances on carbon nanotube supported Co-Mo catalysts were evaluated. It was found that the main active molybdenum species in the oxide state MoO3/CNT catalysts were MoO2, but not MoO3, as generally expected. The maximum loading before the formation of the bulk phase was lower than 6% (percent by mass, based on MoO3). TPR studies revealed that the active species in the oxide state Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were reduced more easily at relatively lower temperatures in comparison to those of the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, indicating that the CNT support promoted or favored the reduction of the active species. The active species of a Co-Mo-0.7/CNT catalyst were more easily reduced than those of the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts with Co/Mo atomic ratios of 0.2, 0.35, and 0.5, respectively, suggesting that the Co/Mo atomic ratio has a great effect on the reducibility of the active species. It was found that the incorporation of cobalt improved the dispersion of the molybdenum species on the support, and a phenomenon of mobilization and re-dispersion had occurred during the sulfurization process, resulting in low valence state Mo3S4 and Co-MoS2.17 active phases. HDS measurements showed that the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were more active than the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 ones for the desulfurization of DBT, and the hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity of the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts was also much higher than those of the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3. The Co-Mo/CNT catalyst with a Co/Mo atomic ratio of 0.7 showed the highest activity, whereas the catalyst with a Co/Mo atomic ratio of 0.35 had the highest selectivity.     

用原位红外光谱法研究NiB和NiP非晶态合金的还原和苯加氢反应过程

 用化学还原法制备了NiB和NiP非晶态合金催化剂,并用XRD,DSC,SEM和TEM鉴定了样品的非晶性,用ICP测定了样品的组成．在脉冲微反－色谱装置上考察了这两种催化剂催化苯加氢反应的活性．采用在线漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了这两种催化剂的还原及苯加氢反应过程．结果表明,所制备的NiB和NiP合金均为非晶态,且都是纳米尺度．NiB的粒度要比NiP小,晶化温度也比NiP低,表明Ni与B之间同Ni与P之间的相互作用不同．对苯加氢反应,NiB非晶态合金具有更大的优势,原位红外光谱结果证实催化剂的活性中心与还原态镍有关．     

Study of Dibenzothiophene Adsorption Over Carbon Nanotube Supported CoMo HDS Catalysts

Adsorption properties of dibenzothiophene (DBT) on a CNT (carbon nanotube) support as well as on CoMoS/CNT and CoMoO/CNT catalysts have been studied. Consecutive desorption of adsorbates was measured by TGA. The commonly used carriers AC (activated carbon), γ-Al2O3, and their supported catalysts (CoMoO/AC, CoMoS/AC, CoMoO/γ-Al2O3, CoMoS/γ-Al2O3) were also subjected to analysis for comparison. The acidic properties of the samples were characterized using the NH3-TPD technique.Correlation between the adsorption of DBT and the acidic properties of the catalysts has been established.It was found that the Co-Mo catalysts in the sulfide state adsorbed much more DBT molecules than the corresponding Co-Mo catalysts in the oxide state. The CoMoS/CNT catalyst exhibited very high HDS activity and selectivity, as compared with the CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. Based on the BET data and the high hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity of the CoMoS/CNT, it was deduced that more than 90% of the DBT molecules adsorbed on the CoMoS/CNT with an end-on mode, and the surface of the CoMoS/CNT catalyst was almost fully covered with DBT molecules. Although the AC support had very high surface area and high loading ability, the AC supported CoMoS catalyst showed lower HDS activity,as compared with the CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.     

冷等离子体处理制备NiO/SrTiO3及其光催化水分解制氢性能研究

利用辉光放电等离子体处理改进常规浸渍法制备了NiO/SrTiO3光催化剂. XRD、XPS和TEM分析证明, 金属颗粒在载体表面的分散性得到极大提高, 并在反应中具有很好的稳定性. XPS、热重和XRD分析表明, 等离子体处理使浸渍的Ni(NO3)2在常温下分解为晶化度较低的NiO团簇, 该团簇可能与载体具有较强的相互作用. 在光催化反应中, 高分散的金属可以促进电荷传递, 并提供更多的表面活性位. 对于水分解制氢和甲醇溶液转化制氢反应, 该催化剂的活性分别是常规催化剂的1.3倍和1.8倍.     

Mo对非晶态合金Ni-B/薄水铝石催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用浸渍-化学还原法制备了一系列不同Mo含量的Ni-Mo-B/薄水铝石非晶态合金催化剂样品.以噻吩加氢脱硫为探针反应,考察了样品的催化性能,并采用X射线衍射、差示扫描量热法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、程序升温还原、程序升温脱附、X射线光电子能谱和透射电镜等技术对样品进行了表征.结果表明,Mo的添加促进了Ni活性物种的分散,提高了催化剂的热稳定性,降低了催化剂的还原温度;同时,催化剂的吸氢强度减弱,酸性增强,从而显著提高了催化剂活性.当催化剂中Mo/Ni质量比为12%时活性最高,于220oC反应时,噻吩转化率达到73.9%.     

Effect of CeO2 preparation method and Cu loading on CuO/CeO2 catalysts for methane combustion

CeO2 was synthesized by sol-gel, hydrothermal, nitrate thermal decomposition methods, respectively, and used as support to prepare CuO/CeO2 catalysts. According to characterization and reaction results, preparation method of CeO2 had a great influence on the physicochemical properties and activities of CuO/CeO2 catalysts. CuO with high dispersion and strong interaction with CeO2 was highly active in methane combustion, while CuO particles less associated with CeO2 showed less activity. The CuO catalyst supported on CeO2 which was prepared via nitrate thermal decomposition method showed the largest area, the smallest particle size, the highest dispersion of copper species and strong support metal interactions. Therefore, it presented the highest redox ability and activity for methane combustion. Activities of the catalysts with different copper content kept increasing until 5% Cu loading and from then on kept constant. Moreover, methane conversion decreased as methane space velocities increased on CuO/CeO2 catalyst. Addition of CO2 to the feed did not produce a significant effect on the catalytic activity, but the presence of H2O provoked a remarkable decrease on the activity of CuO/CeO2 catalyst.     

表面活性剂对TiO_2/CNT苯酚与碳酸二甲酯酯交换活性的影响

以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）改性的碳纳米管为载体,制备了TiO2/CNT催化剂,用于苯酚与碳酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯的反应.采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）对改性前后催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征,显示出负载后的催化剂中活性组分二氧化钛以无定形...     

EFFECTS OF ALKALI AND RARE EATTH METAL OXIDES ON THE THERMAL STABILITY AND THE CARBON DEPOSITION OVER A NiO/Al_2O_3 CATALYST

采用固定床流动反应装置、ＣＯ吸附、ＴＧ、ＴＰＯ、ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ等手段考察了ＮｉＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＬｉＮｉＬａＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上的甲烷部分氧化反应。实验结果表明，ＬｉＮｉＬａＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３对甲烷部分氧化反应具有较高的反应活性。锂和镧的添加不仅改善了活性组分镍的分散度，而且提高了ＮｉＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的抗积碳能力和热稳定性     

Development of stable PtRu catalyst coated with manganese dioxide for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol

Manganese dioxide was coated on multiwall carbon nanotubes-supported PtRu particles to prepare the MnO₂/PtRu/CNT catalyst by a facile oxidation–reduction method. The prepared catalyst showed a high stability for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. After 2000 potential cycles, 55% activity still remained for MnO₂/PtRu/CNT catalyst, while only 30% activity remained for PtRu/CNT, which indicated that the electrochemical stability of MnO₂/PtRu/CNTs was improved significantly. MnO₂ in MnO₂/PtRu/CNTs prevented the dissolution of PtRu particles as well as the corrosion of the CNT supports, resulting in the improvement of the stability and activity.     

微波辅助Ni-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂的制备及其在硝基苯加氢中催化性能的研究

采用微波辐射干燥浸渍法获得的Ni2 /SiO2,再由液相KBH4还原制备Ni-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂,在液相硝基苯加氢反应中,该催化剂对苯胺的选择性为100%,催化活性显著高于由传统加热法制备的Ni-B/SiO2.根据XRD、XPS、SEM和氢吸附等表征,两种催化剂具有相似的活性中心本质,催化性能的不同主要归因于分散度的区别.与传统加热法相比,微波加热具有受热均匀以及增强Ni2 与载体SiO2相互结合力的特点,导致Ni-B/SiO2(MW)分散度增加,并能减少催化反应过程中活性相的脱落流失,延长催化剂使用寿命.     

NiB和NiP超细非晶合金的退火晶化行为及催化性能

 采用X射线吸收精细结构（XAFS）,X射线衍射（XRD）和差热分析（DTA）等方法研究了以化学还原法制备的NiB和NiP超细非晶态合金催化剂在退火过程中的结构变化．XRD结果表明,在300℃下退火时,NiB超细非晶态合金晶化生成纳米晶Ni3B亚稳物相,NiP超细非晶态合金则主要晶化生成金属Ni和部分晶态Ni3P的混合物相;在500℃退火且近于完全晶化的条件下,大部分超细非晶态合金都晶化为金属Ni．XAFS结果定量地说明,对于NiB和NiP初始样品,第一近邻Ni－Ni配位的平均键长Rj分别为0.274和0.271nm,其结构无序度σS很大,分别为0.033和0.028nm,其热无序度σT分别为0.0069和0.0060nm．300℃退火后,晶化生成的Ni3B的Ni－Ni配位的σS降低到初始样品的33％,仅为0.011nm．500℃退火后,NiB样品的结构参数与金属Ni基本一致,但NiP样品的Ni－Ni配位的σS还远大于σT,仍为0.0125nm,表明NiB和NiP超细非晶态合金的退火晶化行为有很大的差别．纳米晶Ni3B催化苯加氢反应的转化率比超细Ni－B非晶态合金或多晶金属Ni更高,表明纳米晶Ni3B中的Ni与B原子组成了苯加氢催化反应的活性中心．     

Pt and Pt–Ru nanoparticles decorated polypyrrole/multiwalled carbon nanotubes and their catalytic activity towards methanol oxidation

Conducting polymer composite films comprised of polypyrrole (PPy) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) [PPy–CNT] were synthesized by in situ polymerization of pyrrole on carbon nanotubes in 0.1 M HCl containing (NH₄)S₂O₈ as oxidizing agent over a temperature range of 0–5 °C. Pt nanoparticles are deposited on PPy–CNT composite films by chemical reduction of H₂PtCl₆ using HCHO as reducing agent at pH = 11 [Pt/PPy–CNT]. The presence of MWCNTs leads to higher activity, which might be due to the increase of electrochemically accessible surface areas, electronic conductivity and easier charge-transfer at polymer/electrolyte interfaces allowing higher dispersion and utilization of the deposited Pt nanoparticles. A comparative investigation was carried out using Pt–Ru nanoparticles decorated PPy–CNT composites. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the synthesized Pt–Ru/PPy–CNT catalysts exhibited higher catalytic activity for methanol oxidation than Pt/PPy–CNT catalyst. Such kinds of Pt and Pt–Ru particles deposited on PPy–CNT composite polymer films exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability towards methanol oxidation, which indicates that the composite films is more promising support material for fuel cell applications.     

Pt/CNT纳米催化剂的微波快速合成及其对甲醇电化学氧化的电催化性能

碳纳米管 (CNT)作为制备新型催化剂载体已有广泛的研究 [1～ 8] ,例如 ,在其表面负载 Pt,Ru和Pt Ru后则具有良好的催化性能[1,2 ,6～ 8] .但在 CNT表面负载金属微粒的方法难以获得尺寸和形状均匀的纳米粒子 .因此 ,如何制备超细和均匀的纳米粒子是一项具有重要的学术意义和技术价值的工作 .我们利用微波加热的多元醇工艺合成了 XC-72碳负载铂纳米粒子的催化剂 ,并发现它对甲醇的氧化具有较高的电催化活性 [9] .本文进一步以 CNT作为载体 ,利用微波加热法快速合成了 Pt/ CNT纳米催化剂 ,并对其对甲醇电化学氧化的性能进行了初步研究 …