无规共聚物与均聚物共混体系的相容性

用核磁共振方法(NMR)及差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)无规共聚物与均聚物系列聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯(PEMA),聚甲基丙烯酸正丁酯(PnBMA),聚甲基丙烯酸异丁酯(PiBMA)共混体系的有关参数,比较全面地研究了影响SAN与聚甲基丙烯酸酯类(PMAs)相容性的因素,对它们相容性的本质进行了探讨,得出了一些重要结论.     

Mössbauer studies of iron stabilised polymethacrylates

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA) and polybutyl methacrylate (PBuMA) containing ferric chloride and ferrous sulphate as stabilisers, were prepared by free radical polymerization. Mössbauer spactra of ferrous sulphate stabilised polymers don't show any change in the value of isomer shift (1.30 mm/s) while quadrupole splitting values are quite different from those for pure ferrous sulphate. This indicates that environment of Fe²⁺ moiety changes in polymers and thus stabilises the polymers. In case of ferric chloride stabilised polymers the isomer shift values don't differ significantly for different polymethacrylates but quadrupole splitting values increase from polymethyl methacrylate to polybutyl methacrylate. The TGA analysis shows that the inclusion of iron salts stabilises the polymers by 40°C (approx.) and at higher temperatures α-Fe₂O₃ is formed.     

Mechanical spectroscopy of laser deposited polymers

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at 248 nm in ultra high vacuum was used to produce thin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) films. The ablation and deposition mechanisms were found to be similar in both systems. Having the same backbone, these polymers differ in the size of their polar side groups leading to changes in their dynamics. Studies of the relaxation processes were performed using mechanical torsion and bending spectroscopy by means of a double-paddle oscillator (DPO) and an in-situ plasma plume excited reed (PPXR), respectively. A strong increase of the mechanical damping was observed during annealing of the polymer films well above the glass transition temperature T _g, while in-situ X-ray measurements did not reveal any structural changes. For PEMA, the glass transition temperature T _g=335 K and the main absorption maximum appear at lower temperatures compared to PMMA (T _g=380 K), allowing one to measure the mechanical properties in a much wider range above T _g.     

Development and characterizations of PVdF-PEMA gel polymer electrolytes

A new class of gel polymer electrolytes comprising the blend of poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and poly(vinylidene fluoride), the mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate as a plasticizer, and lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) as a salt was prepared using solvent casting technique. The formation of polymer–salt complexes has been confirmed by XRD analysis. Morphological and thermal studies have been performed using SEM and DMA analyses. A comparative look between PEMA and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) electrolytes has showed that PEMA electrolytes exhibited better electrochemical performances than PMMA electrolytes, despites its lower conductivity.     

Molecular properties of C<Subscript>60</Subscript> fullerene complexes with cycle-containing polymers in solutions

The donor-acceptor complexes of the C₆₀ fullerene with cycle-containing polymers, namely, poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPhO) and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), are studied. A comparative analysis of the hydrodynamic and electrooptical properties of the initial polymers and their complexes with C₆₀ in solutions demonstrates that the C₆₀ fullerene has a restructuring effect on the polymer macromolecule, thus decreasing the degree of asymmetry of the macromolecular structure.     

Enhanced photovoltaic properties of polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells by thermal annealing

The effect of a thermal annealing treatment on the performance of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) and fullerene (C₆₀) composites is investigated. Upon thermal annealing at 120 ^°C, short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency (η) are more than tripled, while a sharp rise by eight times in and η is found for the device annealed at 200 ^°C. It is concluded that the improved phase separation between MEH-PPV and C₆₀ leads to the enhancement of and η at 120 ^°C, while thermodynamic molecule arrangement at the higher temperature of ∼200 ^°C induces a significant increase in all photovoltaic parameters of composite devices except the open-circuit voltage .     

High-power continuous-wave operation of a diode-pumped laser at

The continuous-wave laser properties of an efficient diode-pumped Nd:GdVO₄ crystal operating at formed with a simple plane-concave cavity have been studied. With the incident pump power of 21 W, an output power of 6.9 W was obtained, giving an optical conversion efficiency of 32.8% and a slope efficiency of 35.3%. The laser characterization of two different Nd³⁺-doped concentration of Nd:GdVO₄ crystals were studied.     

The overtone spectrum of C2D2 and C2H2 by ICLAS-VECSEL near 1 μm

The intracavity laser absorption spectra (ICLAS) of dideuteroacetylene, C₂D₂, and acetylene, C₂H₂, have been recorded between 1.03 and 0.99 μm with a vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) leading to the observation of seven and six bands, for C₂D₂ and C₂H₂ respectively, most of them newly reported. The strong ν₁+3ν₃ band of C₂D₂ at is found accompanied by the two Π-Π hot bands with v₄=1 and v₅=1 lower state and by the ν₂+3ν₃+2ν₄ band near . This last band results from an intensity transfer from the ν₁+3ν₃ band induced by the 1/244 anharmonic interaction. The ν₁+3ν₃ band of , present in natural abundance in the sample, could also be detected at in full agreement with local mode model predictions. The different bands of both C₂H₂ and C₂D₂ were found mostly unperturbed and the spectroscopic parameters retrieved from the rovibrational analyses agree satisfactorily with the predictions of the respective effective Hamiltonian models.     

Effect of fullerenes on spectral and nonlinear optical properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(4-nitrophenyl)-(<Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis>)-prolinol structure

The influence of fullerenes C₆₀ and C₇₀ on the optical characteristics of a promising organic system, N-(4-nitrophenyl)-(L)-prolinol (NPP), is studied. The UV and blue absorption bands are found that can be controlled by introducing fullerenes. These bands are caused by the change in the electronic structure of the organic system induced by fullerenes and indicate the presence of an ordering in the arrangement of macromolecules. The observed changes in the IR absorption result from the structural rearrangement of the system and may be related to a weak complexing between a donor fragment of the NPP molecule and fullerene. The effect of restriction of the nanosecond laser radiation at 532 nm is considered and characteristics of nonlinear transmission of laser radiation at 337 nm are presented. The levels of attenuation and incident energy are estimated, which determines the possibility of using results of these studies in the development of optical gates in a broad spectral range.     

Influence of defects in the carbon network on the static polarizability of fullerenes

The static polarizability of the C₆₀, C₇₀, C₈₀, and C₁₈₆ fullerenes has been calculated within the semiempirical MNDO approximation implemented in the MOPAC quantum-chemical program package. It is demonstrated that the results obtained are comparable with experimental data and the results of the ab initio B3LYP method using the 6–31G(d, p) basis set. The influence of topological defects (five-, seven-, and eight-membered rings), vacancies produced by removing pentagons, and nitrogen and boron atoms on the geometric parameters and the polarizability of the C₆₀, C₂₄₀, and C₅₄₀ fullerenes has been investigated by the MNDO method. It is revealed that the polarizability of the fullerene with topological defects is higher than the polarizability of the perfect icosahedral fullerene. The formation of vacancies in the carbon cage leads to a linear decrease in the polarizability of the fullerene and an increase in the specific polarizability. The polarizability of the heterofullerene with nitrogen or boron atoms spaced apart in the carbon cage is higher than that of the fullerene with heteroatoms located adjacent to each other.     

Electrolytic coloration and spectral properties of OH-doped KBr polycrystals

OH⁻-doped KBr polycrystals were colored electrolytically by using a pointed cathode and a flat anode. Characteristic O⁻, OH⁻, U, Cu⁺ and absorption peaks were observed in resolved absorption spectrum of uncolored polycrystals. Herein the position of the absorption peak at room temperature was determined by using a Mollwo-Ivey plot. Characteristic V₂, V₃, Cu⁺, , I₂ and F spectral bands were observed in Kubelka-Munk functions of colored polycrystals. Current-time curve for electrolytic coloration of an OH⁻-doped KBr polycrystal and its relationship with electrolytic coloration process were given. Formation and conversion of color centers were explained.     

Diode laser spectroscopy of CO2 at 790 nm

Absorption lines of ¹²C¹⁶O₂ have been examined by using a tunable diode laser spectrometer in the region around (790 nm). The spectrometer sources are commercially available double heterostructure InGaAlAs tunable diode lasers (TDLs) operating in the “free-running” mode, which allowed the detection of the line positions within . The observed carbon dioxide absorption lines belong to the combination overtone 2ν₂+5ν₃ ro-vibrational band with intensities ranging around .     

Rhodamine B absorbed by anodic porous alumina: Stokes and anti-Stokes luminescence study

An organic dye, rhodamine B (RhB) solution, has been used to impregnate anodic porous alumina (PA) in order to form RhB/PA nanocomposites. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of PA films impregnated with RhB are investigated and compared with those in liquid solution. The PL mechanism of RhB/PA nanocomposites has been investigated through the effect of energy excitation. We show the possibility of energy transfer from alumina nanocrystallites to RhB molecules. The interactions between chemical species in the internal surface of PA and the RhB molecules can play a key role in PL emission, which has been proved by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. Moreover, it is also found that the PL intensity of the nanocomposite increases with the PL of the PA layer. The effective cross section of RhB in PA has been estimated to be in the order of . An anti-Stokes PL (APL) has been observed from RhB/PA. The linear variation of the APL intensity with the laser power (I_APLαP^0.97) indicates that one photon is involved in emission process.     

Chemical effects in C60 irradiation of polymers

The C₆₀ erosion behaviour of poly(methyl)methacrylate (PMMA), poly(α-methyl)styrene (PAMS) and polystyrene (PS) has been studied at various temperatures and compared with that under Ga⁺ irradiation. Strong variations of erosion yields are observed, indicating that chemical degradation mechanisms are operating. In particular, our results suggest that fast depolymerization mechanisms are important in leaving the surface of the sputter crater virtually undamaged. Since such mechanisms are connected with the chemical nature of the polymer, the possibility of performing molecular depth profiling of polymers with C₆₀ appears to depend strongly on the chemical nature of the system under study.     

Optical limiting with higher fullerenes

Optical limiting has been investigated for higher fullerenes and compared with C₆₀. The transmission through an aperture placed after solutions of C₇₆, C₇₈, and C₈₄ in tetrahydronaphthalene was measured using Q-switched laser pulses with a wavelength of 532 nm and a pulse width of 8 ns FWHM. Unlike C₆₀, the transmission for these higher fullerene solutions decreased linearly with increasing optical pulse energy. We attribute the linearized optical limiting response to self-defocusing of the optical beam and the absence of excited-state absorption. The ground state absorption spectra for the higher fullerenes suggest their use for optical limiting in the near infrared, and the C₈₄-tetrahydronaphthalene solution was found to be an optical limiter at 1.064 m.     

A comparative MRD-CI study of the electronic spectrum of linear and cyclic C8 clusters

Multi-reference configuration interaction MRD-CI calculations are performed to compute the vertical electronic spectrum of linear and cyclic C₈⁺ clusters. The electronic spectrum of the linear C₈⁺ isomer is dominated by the transition computed at 5.45 eV. The first dipole-allowed transition of linear C₈⁺ () is calculated at 1.69 eV, whereas several transitions are calculated with medium oscillator strengths between 2.30 and 5.14 eV. For the cyclic C₈⁺ form we computed important transitions at 1.83 and 4.20 eV. In addition, the first dipole-allowed transition of cyclic isomer is computed at 0.77 eV (). This transition should help to identify the cyclic C₈⁺ species since there are no dipole-allowed transitions of the linear isomer in this energy region.