Embedding metric spaces into normed spaces and estimates of metric capacity

Let be an arbitrary real normed space of finite dimension d ≥ 2. We define the metric capacity of as the maximal such that every m-point metric space is isometric to some subset of (with metric induced by ). We obtain that the metric capacity of lies in the range from 3 to , where the lower bound is sharp for all d, and the upper bound is shown to be sharp for d ∈ {2, 3}. Thus, the unknown sharp upper bound is asymptotically linear, since it lies in the range from d + 2 to . Research supported by the German Research Foundation, Project AV 85/1-1.     

On the distortion required for embedding finite metric spaces into normed spaces

We investigate the minimum dimensionk such that anyn-point metric spaceM can beD-embedded into somek-dimensional normed spaceX (possibly depending onM), that is, there exists a mappingf: M→X with $$\frac{1}{D}dist_M (x,y) \leqslant \left| {f(x) - f(y)} \right| \leqslant dist_M (x,y) for any$$ Extending a technique of Arias-de-Reyna and Rodríguez-Piazza, we prove that, for any fixedD≥1,k≥c(D)n ^1/2D for somec(D)>0. For aD-embedding of alln-point metric spaces into the samek-dimensional normed spaceX we find an upper boundk≤12Dn ^1/[(D+1)/2]lnn (using thel _∞ ^k space forX), and a lower bound showing that the exponent ofn cannot be decreased at least forD?[1,7)∪[9,11), thus the exponent is in fact a jumping function of the (continuously varied) parameterD.     

The metric gradient in normed linear spaces

Summary In this paper we give a definition for the gradient of a functional defined on a normed linear space which in the case of Hilbert space reduces to the usual definition. We also establish some interesting properties of the gradient which allow us to extend the well-known theorem of Curry to a large class of normed linear spaces.A part of this research was sponsored by the U.S. Army under contract No. DA-31-124-ARO-D-462.     

Embedding metric spaces in Euclidean space

In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for embedding a given metric space in Euclidean space. We shall introduce the notions of flatness and dimension for metric spaces and prove that a metric space can be embedded in Euclidean n-space if and only if the metric space is flat and of dimension less than or equal to n.     

Fixed and periodic points in the probabilistic normed and metric spaces

In this paper, a fixed point theorem is proved, i.e., if A is a C-contraction in the Menger space (S, F) and E  S be such that is compact, then A has a fixed point. In addition, under the same condition, the existence of a periodic point of A is proved. Finally, a fixed point theorem in probabilistic normed spaces is proved.     

Strict sums and semicontinuity below metric projections in linear normed spaces

The relationships, are studied between strict suns [1] and sets with semicontinuous below metric projections, and also certain general properties of these classes of sets in linear normed spaces. There are characterized finite-dimensional normed spaces in which the class of strict suns coincides with the class of nonvacuous closed sets having semicontinuous below metric projections. It is proven that a P-connected [1] set with semicontinuous below (semicontinuous above) metric projections is V-connected [1].Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 563–572, April, 1978.     

Characterizations of continuous and Lipschitz continuous metric selections in normed linear spaces

Characterizations are given of when the metric projection P_M onto a proximal subspace M has a continuous, pointwise Lipschitz continuous, or Lipschitz continuous selection. Moreover, it is shown that ifP_M has a continuous selection, then it has one which is also homogeneous and additive modulo M. An analogous result holds if P_M has a pointwise Lipschitz or Lipschitz continuous selection provided that M is complemented. If dimM < ∞ and P_M is Lipschitz (resp. pointwise Lipschitz) continuous, then P_M has a Lipschitz (resp. pointwise Lipschitz) continuous selection. A conjecture of R. Holmes and B. Kripke (Michigan Math. J. 15 (1968), 225–248) is resolved.     

Embedding of Stein spaces into sequence spaces

In this note we show that a connected, reduced Stein space X of arbitrary dimension admits a holomorphic embedding into various sequence spaces, for example into s,s',0(ⁿ) or 1,T₂,...,T_n>, and also into infinite dimensional complex Banach spaces. As an application we prove that the Fréchet space 0 (X) of holomorphic functions on X is a quotient of s.     

Coarse embeddings of metric spaces into Banach spaces

There are several characterizations of coarse embeddability of locally finite metric spaces into a Hilbert space. In this note we give such characterizations for general metric spaces. By applying these results to the spaces , we get their coarse embeddability into a Hilbert space for . This together with a theorem by Banach and Mazur yields that coarse embeddability into and into are equivalent when . A theorem by G.Yu and the above allow us to extend to , , the range of spaces, coarse embeddings into which is guaranteed for a finitely generated group to satisfy the Novikov Conjecture.

     

Uniform embeddings of metric spaces and of banach spaces into hilbert spaces

It is proved using positive definite functions that a normed spaceX is unifomly homeomorphic to a subset of a Hilbert space, if and only ifX is (linearly) isomorphic to a subspace of aL ₀(μ) space (=the space of the measurable functions on a probability space with convergence in probability). As a result we get thatl _p (respectivelyL _p (0, 1)), 2<p<∞, is not uniformly embedded in a bounded subset of itself. This answers negatively the question whether every infinite dimensional Banach space is uniformly homeomorphic to a bounded subset of itself. Positive definite functions are also used to characterize geometrical properties of Banach spaces. Partially supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant MCS-79-03322. Partially supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant MCS-80-06073.     

Embedding Levy families into Banach spaces

We prove that if a metric probability space with a usual concentration property embeds into a finite dimensional Banach space X, then X has a Euclidean subspace of a proportional dimension. In particular this yields a new characterization of weak cotype 2. We also find optimal lower estimates on embeddings of metric spaces with concentration properties into , generalizing estimates of Bourgain—Lindenstrauss—Milman, Carl—Pajor and Gluskin. Submitted: February 2001, Revised: August 2001.     

Embeddings of locally finite metric spaces into Banach spaces

We show that if is a Banach space without cotype, then every locally finite metric space embeds metrically into .

     

Totally geodesic maps into metric spaces

We prove that a totally geodesic map between a Riemannian manifold and a metric space can be represented as the composite of a totally geodesic map from a Riemannian manifold to a Finslerian manifold and a locally isometric embedding between metric spaces. As a corollary, we obtain the homotheticity of a totally geodesic map from an irreducible Riemannian manifold to an Alexandrov space of curvature bounded above. This is a generalization of the case between Riemannian manifolds. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 53C20, 53C22, 53C24 Received: 14 March 2002; in final form: 6 May 2002 / / Published online: 24 February 2003     

Embedding metric spaces in the rectilinear plane: A six-point criterion

We show that a metric space embeds in the rectilinear plane (i.e., isL ¹-embeddable in ℝ²) if and only if every subspace with five or six points does. A simple construction shows that for higher dimensionsk of the host rectilinear space the numberc(k) of points that need to be tested grows at least quadratically withk, thus disproving a conjecture of Seth and Jerome Malitz.     

Fat sets and pointwise boundary estimates forp-harmonic functions in metric spaces

We extend a result of John Lewis [L] by showing that if a doubling metric measure space supports a (1,q ₀)-Poincaré inequality for some 1<q ₀<p, then every uniformlyp-fat set is uniformlyq-fat for someq<p. This bootstrap result implies the Hardy inequality for Newtonian functions with zero boundary values for domains whose complements are uniformly fat. While proving this result, we also characterize positive Radon measures in the dual of the Newtonian space using the Wolff potential and obtain an estimate for the oscillation ofp-harmonic functions andp-energy minimizers near a boundary point.     

Comparisons of relative BV-capacities and Sobolev capacity in metric spaces

We study relations between the variational Sobolev 1-capacity and versions of variational BV-capacity in a complete metric space equipped with a doubling measure and supporting a weak (1,1)-Poincaré inequality. We prove the equality of 1-modulus and the continuous 1-capacity, extending the known results for 1<p<∞ to also cover the more geometric case p=1. Then we give alternative definitions for variational BV-capacities and obtain equivalence results between them. Finally we study relations between total 1-capacity and versions of BV-capacity.