基于苯并吡喃腈-香豆素体系的近红外比率型荧光探针用于检测He La细胞中的过氧亚硝酸盐(英文)

过氧亚硝酸根(ONOO-)是生物体内的一种重要的活性氧,与人体内的各种生理活动息息相关.利用苯并吡喃腈-香豆素体系,合成了一种用于ONOO-检测的近红外比率型荧光探针(E)-7-(二乙胺基)-3-(2-(苯并吡喃腈)乙烯基)-香豆素(DCCM).该探针在ONOO-存在下表现出强烈的响应,颜色从紫色变为浅粉色,最大发射峰蓝移217nm,荧光颜色从淡紫色变为蓝色,能够直观地对溶液中的ONOO-进行监测. DCCM可以灵敏地检测ONOO^-,最低检测限为6.0×10^-7 mol·L^-1,该探针被成功用于HeLa细胞中的ONOO-成像检测.     

维生素B6在维生素B12修饰电极上的电化学行为及其分析应用

采用循环伏安法研究了维生素B6在维生素B12修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为,建立了测定痕量维生素B6的新方法.在pH 8.6的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中,维生素B6在修饰电极上产生一个灵敏的氧化峰,采用差分脉冲伏安法测定,其氧化峰电流与维生素B6的浓度在8.0×10-7～2.0×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2.0×10-7 mol/L.该修饰电极具有良好的选择性、灵敏度及稳定性,用于片剂中维生素B6的定量分析,结果令人满意.     

荧光猝灭法测定叶酸

以维生素B2作为荧光探针,基于荧光猝灭法对叶酸进行了定量检测,考察了维生素B2浓度、激发波长、反应时间等多种因素的影响。实验结果表明,在水溶液中,反应时间为8 min,叶酸浓度在1.5×10-6～1.0×10-5mol/L范围内,其线性回归方程为F0/F=0.6838+0.214 c(×10-6mol/L),相关系数和检测限分别为0.9988和6.7×10-7mol/L。     

盐酸吡格列酮与曙红Y相互作用的荧光和共振光散射光谱研究

在HCl-NaOAc酸性缓冲介质中,曙红Y(EY)与盐酸吡格列酮(PGH)反应形成1∶1的离子缔合物,不仅引起曙红Y的荧光猝灭(FLU),更能导致共振散射(RRS)的显著增强。荧光猝灭的激发和发射波长分别为λex=524nm和λem=544nm;最大共振散射波长为308nm,并在540nm处产生一共振峰。方法的线性范围分别为9.04×10-7～2.05×10-5mol/L(FLU)和1.6×10-7～5.1×10-6mol/L(RRS),检出限分别为1.88×10-7mol/L(FLU)和4.82×10-8mol/L(RRS)。研究了荧光和共振散射的光谱特征、适宜的反应条件及影响因素,据此建立了灵敏、简便、快速测定抗糖尿病药物盐酸吡格列酮的新方法。     

3-巯基丙酸修饰的CdSe/ZnS量子点的合成及测定牛血清白蛋白的研究

以3-巯基丙酸作为修饰剂,在水溶液中合成了稳定的CdSe/ZnS量子点(QDs),透射电镜观察所合成量子点的形貌近似球形,粒径约为25 nm.吸收光谱与荧光光谱的研究表明,CdSe QDs在410 nm处有最大吸收峰,而CdSe/ZnS QDs的最大吸收峰在470 nm处,CdSe/ZnS QDs的荧光强度是CdSe QDs的11倍.考察了缓冲溶液的体积、pH值、反应温度、反应时间对体系荧光的影响.在最佳实验条件下,体系的荧光强度与BSA的浓度呈线性关系,线性响应范围为0.746×10-7～4.48×10-7 mol/L,检出限为3.846×10-10 mol/L.并且CdSe/ZnS QDs荧光强度基本保持稳定,可达两个多月.该方法应用于合成样品的测定,结果满意.     

基于固相基质的流动注射液滴荧光法用于双组分药物的快速检测

以葡聚糖凝胶作为固相基质,结合流动注射技术发展了一种新型的液滴荧光法用于药物中双组分的快速检测.填充葡聚糖CMC-25微珠的离子交换柱用于维生素B6和氧氟沙星的快速分离,基于二者均发射较强的内源荧光,采用液滴荧光法,结合固体基质流动注射分析法,对双组分药物.维生素B6和氧氟沙星进行快速检测.在优化的实验条件下,维生素B6和氧氟沙星分别在5.84×10-8～1.93×10-6 mol/L和5.00×10-9～1.00×10-7 mol/L范围内,体系的荧光强度与浓度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9994和0.9951,检出限分剐为3.60×10-8 mol/L和1.74×10-9 mol/L.该方法具有较高灵敏度与选择性以及较好的精密度和重复性.将所建立的方法用于药片中维生素B6和氧氟沙星的测定,回收率在9r7%～104%,相对标准偏差小于2%.     

电化学活化玻碳电极吸附伏安法测定维生素K

维生素K类物质可在经电化学活化的玻碳电极上吸附富集并产生良好的伏安响应, 依此建立了吸附伏安法测定维生素K1和K3的方法. 在0.1 mol/L HCl的支持电解质中, 维生素K1在-0.025 V左右产生一对氧化还原峰, 其峰电流与浓度在1.1×10-6～2.2×10-5 mol/L范围内成良好的线性关系, 检出限为4.4×10-7 mol/L; 维生素K3则在+0.059 V左右产生一对氧化还原峰, 其线性范围为1.8×10-7～3.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限为9.1×10-8 mol/L. 该方法可用于测定药品中的维生素K1和K3.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰电极同时测定维生素B2、B6、B12和维生素C

制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(MWNT/GCE),研究了维生素B2、B6、B12和维生素C共存时在该电极上的电化学行为.实验发现,在HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,该电极可同时测定以上四种维生素,线性范围分别为1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4 mol/L、5.0×10-5～2.0×10-3 mol/L、5.0×10-5～7.5×10-4 mol/L和5.0×10-5～2.0×10-3 mol/L,其检出限分别为7.0×10-7 mol/L、1.0×10-5 mol/L、2.5×10-5 mol/L和5.0×10-6 mol/L.样品分析的RSD分别为1.66%、1.71%、2.26%和1.46%.方法简便快捷,可用于四种维生素同时分析测定.     

分子光谱法研究曙红Y与马来酸罗格列酮相互作用及其分析应用

在HCl-NaAc酸性缓冲介质中,曙红Y(EY)与马来酸罗格列酮(ROM)反应形成1∶1的离子缔合物,不仅引起吸收光谱(UV)的变化和EY的荧光猝灭(FS),更能导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的显著增强,并产生新的RRS光谱。以试剂为参比,吸收光谱的最大褪色波长为510nm;荧光猝灭的激发波长λex和发射波长λem分别为521和544nm;最大共振散射波长λRRS为307nm,并在532nm处形成较强的散射峰。各方法的线性范围分别为4.98×10-7～7.5×10-6 mol/L(UV)、8.34×10-8～1.79×10-5 mol/L(FS)和4.66×10-9～1.25×10-5 mol/L(RRS),检出限分别为1.49×10-7 mol/L(UV)、2.50×10-8 mol/L(FS)和1.40×10-9 mol/L(RRS)。文中研究了吸收、荧光和共振散射的光谱特征、适宜的反应条件及影响因素,并对荧光猝灭机制及RRS的增强进行了讨论,据此建立了灵敏、简便、快速测定抗糖尿病药物马来酸罗格列酮的新方法。     

锑(Ⅲ)-碘化钾-罗丹明B体系共振瑞利散射光谱法测定痕量锑

在稀硫酸和聚乙烯醇介质中,锑(Ⅲ)与碘离子的配阴离子和若丹明B染料形成的三元缔合物具有共振瑞利散射光谱,其最强共振瑞利散射峰位于623nm处。锑(Ⅲ)离子浓度在2.000×10-7mol/L~2.560×10-6mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为1.9×10-9mol/L。基于共振瑞利散射峰的增强,建立了测定痕量锑(Ⅲ)的共振瑞利散射方法,用于水样中锑的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。