A study of power transmissibility for the vibration isolation of coherent vibratory machines on the floor of a building

Vibration isolation is commonly adopted by engineers to reduce the vibratory effect caused by building services equipment. However, the relationship between the amount of sound power transmitted to the floor and the interaction between the mounting points of several machines is uncertain, as it is common to install several coherent machines on the same floor, for example, two water pumps of the same type in a plant room. We conduct an analytical study of the effects of the interaction between two coherent vibratory sources on the power transmitted to the floor. The study is based on two simple vibratory sources with a single contact point, two rectangular machine models of even-mass distribution with four symmetrical supports and the calculated mobilities of a simply supported concrete floor. We find that the total power obtained from coherent sources (point sources or machine models) differs considerably from that obtained from independent sources at some frequencies in a vibration isolation region. To predict the performance of isolators more accurately, the power transmissibility method proposed previously by Mak and Su should consider not only the effect of effective floor mobility and the interactions of the mounting points of the same sources, but also the interactions of the mounting points of different sources on the floor.     

A power transmissibility method for assessing the performance of vibration isolation of building services equipment

Force transmissibility is commonly adopted in building services engineering to assess the performance of vibration isolation. However, it neglects the effect of floor mobility on structure-borne sound power transmitted from a vibratory machine to the floor/roof and the interactions among several contact points between the vibratory machine and the floor/roof. The problem that motivated this study is the occasional occurrence of unsatisfactory performance of vibration isolators observed in building services engineering. This problem may be due to the over-simplification of the vibratory problem in the usual definition of the un-damped force transmissibility or isolation efficiency commonly used in engineering practice. In this paper, use of a “power transmissibility”, which includes the effect of floor mobility and the interaction of all dynamic forces transmitted to the floor through the vibration isolators, is proposed.     

Research on performance indices of vibration isolation system

Power flow transmissibility is proposed as a performance index to evaluate the performance of isolation system. It is defined as the ratio of the power flow input into the equipment and the power flow transmitted into the receiver. Based on a simple vibration isolation system, its relationship with other performance indices is given by theoretical and numerical analysis. The results show that power flow transmissibility can reflect the response characteristics of the whole isolation system effectively. In addition, power flow transmissibility can be estimated easily according to vibration acceleration level difference and does not involve the measurement of power flow. Furthermore, the influences of several parameters such as the damping, loss factor and stiffness of isolator on power flow transmissibility are analyzed.     

电力变压器绕组振动声纹特性分析*

为更加准确分析变压器绕组的状态特征,本文提出一种基于多物理场耦合仿真的变压器绕组振动声纹特性分析方法。根据实验条件,建立变压器绕组振动噪声模型,考虑变压器绝缘油在噪声传播过程中的作用,对S13-M-200/10型号的油浸式变压器进行短路实验,测量油箱表面的振动加速度以及周围空间的声音信号。仿真结果与实测数据对比分析,油箱表面的振动加速度集中频率为100Hz,空间声音信号集中频率为100Hz和200Hz,验证仿真模型的有效性。最后,建立变压器机械故障的仿真模型,分析得到变压器发生机械故障时,声音信号中100Hz频率分量减少,200Hz频率分量增加,为变压器绕组故障诊断提供依据。     

Integrated design of piezoelectric damping system for flexible structure

This paper aims at developing an integrated design method of the active/passive hybrid type of piezoelectric damping system for reducing the dynamic response of the flexible structures due to external dynamic loads. The design method is based on the numerical optimization technique whose objective function is a control effort of the active damping. A vibration suppression performance, which is evaluated by the maximum value of the gain of the frequency response function of the structure, is constrained. In order to demonstrate the structural damping capability of the hybrid type of piezoelectric damping system designed by proposed method, numerical simulation and laboratory experiment will be done using a three-story flexible structure model equipped with 12 surface bonded PZT tiles pairs. Both numerical and experimental results indicate that the optimally designed hybrid piezoelectric damping system can be successfully achieving excellent performance as compared to a conventional purely active piezoelectric damping system.     

复测法测定气轨的粘性阻尼常量

运用解决天平不等臂的复称法的思想，设计了复测法测定气轨的粘性阻尼常量的方法。     

动力吸振器中库仑阻尼对吸振性能的影响

研究了动力吸振器中库仑阻尼(干摩擦)对吸振性能的影响。给出了库仑摩擦模型,在考虑了吸振器中的库仑阻尼的情况下,分析了库仑阻尼引起的主振动系统与附加质量块的2种相对运动状态(滑移和粘滞)以及它们存在和转换的条件,讨论了因库仑阻尼引起的吸振器自由度冻结现象;用Simulink仿真工具对非线性吸振器进行了数值仿真,研究了谐波和白噪声激励下库仑阻尼对吸振器吸振性能的影响以及库仑阻尼与线性阻尼的等效问题。结果显示:弱激励条件下,非线性吸振器减弱吸振效果,强激励条件下增强吸振效果。     

相位差法测受迫振动的阻尼系数

利用音叉在受迫阻尼振动中速度与驱动力之间的相位差测定了阻尼系数.该方法在系统的稳定状态下读数,克服了通常所用的振幅衰减方法中的不稳定性,可降低人为因素给测量带来的误差.     

动力吸振器中库仑阻尼对吸振性能的影响

研究了动力吸振器中库仑阻尼（干摩擦）对吸振性能的影响。给出了库仑摩擦模型,在考虑了吸振器中的库仑阻尼的情况下,分析了库仑阻尼引起的主振动系统与附加质量块的2种相对运动状态（滑移和粘滞）以及它们存在和转换的条件,讨论了因库仑阻尼引起的吸振器自由度冻结现象;用Simulink仿真工具对非线性吸振器进行了数值仿真,研究了谐波和白噪声激励下库仑阻尼对吸振器吸振性能的影响以及库仑阻尼与线性阻尼的等效问题。结果显示：弱激励条件下,非线性吸振器减弱吸振效果,强激励条件下增强吸振效果。     

多孔金属薄膜阻尼减振微观机理研究

研究了多孔金属薄膜的阻尼性能和微观机理. 采用分子动力学方法及扫描电镜(SEM) 原位观察实验手段对多孔金属薄膜阻尼进行研究, 得出金属薄膜应变滞后于应力周期性变化以及弹性势能周期性衰减的规律, 并通过应变滞后应力的时间差求得损耗因子; 从微观结构上可看出, 在薄膜孔缺陷附近\langle110angle晶向上经历了位错产生、 并且位错呈阶梯状向前发射的变化; 在SEM原位拉伸、卸载实验中观察到有微裂纹的萌生、斜向阶梯扩展、收缩及消失的周期过程. 结果表明: 在周期载荷作用下, 多孔金属薄膜的孔缺陷附近产生的位错可以挣脱开弱钉扎点并限制在强钉扎点上, 由于位错的变化及附近晶界间的相对滑动产生内摩擦, 消耗了系统的部分弹性势能, 引起金属薄膜的阻尼减振效应, 从而揭示了多孔金属涂层阻尼产生的微观机理.     

一种光电载荷非线性隔振装置的研究

针对光电载荷对隔振性能的需求,提出一种采用菱形连杆机构作为负刚度组件,具有高静、低动刚度特点的非线性隔振器（简称菱形HSLDS隔振器）。采用静力学分析方法,建立了隔振器数学模型,研究了刚度参数设定以及非线性调节方法;利用谐波平衡法（HBM）求解动力学方程,分析了各参数对隔振性能的影响关系;采用动力学仿真软件ADAMS及实物样机对理论模型与结论进行了验证。测试结果表明:菱形HSLDS隔振器具有较方便的参数调整能力,零位刚度及刚度非线性可通过拉簧参数与连杆参数进行设定、优化,隔振的刚度非线性优化程度受主隔振器阻尼以及零位刚度参数影响。相比于传统线性隔振器,菱形HSLDS具有显著的非线性隔振优势,可较好地满足光电载荷隔振需求。     

High order conservative differencing for viscous terms and the application to vortex-induced vibration flows

A new set of conservative 4th-order central finite differencing schemes for all the viscous terms of compressible Navier–Stokes equations are proposed and proved in this paper. These schemes are used with a 5th-order WENO scheme for inviscid flux and the stencil width of the central differencing scheme is designed to be within that of the WENO scheme. The central differencing schemes achieve the maximum order of accuracy in the stencil. This feature is important to keep the compactness of the overall discretization schemes and facilitate the boundary condition treatment. The algorithm is used to simulate the vortex-induced oscillations of an elastically mounted circular cylinder. The numerical results agree favorably with the experiment.     

一种机载光电设备减振系统设计及稳定精度试验研究

以光电设备减振系统为研究对象,从光电设备轻型化、小型化设计角度出发,针对现有内置橡胶减振系统的诸多不足,采用金属减振器,设计出一款适用于机载光电设备的外置型金属减振系统。通过对该减振系统的振动和冲击试验,测得固有频率、最大传递率及冲击最大位移值。通过对比光电设备在两种减振系统下的稳定精度, 得出以下结论:外置金属减振系统和内置橡胶减振系统均能使光电设备的稳定精度满足不大于25μrad的使用要求,但外置金属减振系统能提高光电设备内部有效空间,同时,外置金属减振系统作为整体可更换单元,降低了减振系统的维修难度,提高了光电设备整体维修性,为其他光电传感器的集成和实现机载光电设备轻型化、小型化提供了可能。     

高层住宅水泵房噪声与振动治理

为解决高层居民住宅生活用水和消防用水，一般均设置水泵房，若水泵房设计安装不当，将成为扰民的噪声源和振动源。本文以上海几栋高层住宅水泵房为例，通过采取隔振，软联接等措施，有效地控制了振动传递，降低了噪声，达到了环保标准要求。     

Simple method for measuring vibration amplitude of high power airborne ultrasonic transducer: Using thermo-couple

Vibration amplitude of transducer’s elements is the influential parameters in the performance of high power airborne ultrasonic transducers to control the optimum vibration without material yielding. The vibration amplitude of elements of provided high power airborne transducer was determined by measuring temperature of the provided high power airborne transducer transducer’s elements. The results showed that simple thermocouples can be used both to measure the vibration amplitude of transducer’s element and an indicator to power transmission to the air. To verify our approach, the power transmission to the air has been investigated by other common method experimentally. The experimental results displayed good agreement with presented approach.     

小位移条件下混沌隔振装置的设计与研究

本文根据混沌隔振原理, 设计出小位移下的混沌隔振装置, 该装置能够在小位移下产生强非线性, 并且其线性部分与非线性部分完全区分开, 实验中易于调节其整体刚度, 以及线性和非线性项比例, 大大增加了该装置在工程中的应用前景. 并利用数值计算方法对特定参数下的隔振装置在简谐激励力作用下的运动进行分析, 证实了该混沌隔振装置的可行性.     

Effect on Landau damping rates for non-Maxwellian distribution function consisting of two electron populations

In many physical situations where a laser or electron beam passes through a dense plasma, hot low-density electron populations can be generated, resulting in a particle distribution function consisting of a dense cold population and a small hot population. Presence of such low-density electron distributions can alter the wave damping rate. Kinetic model is employed to study the Landau damping of Langmuir waves when a small hot electron population is present in the dense cold electron population with non-Maxwellian distribution functions. Departure of plasma from Maxwellian distributions significantly alters the damping rates as compared to the Maxwellian plasma. Strong damping is found for highly non-Maxwellian distributions as well as plasmas with higher dense and hot electron population. Existence of weak damping is also established when the distribution contains broadened flat tops at the low energies or tends to be Maxwellian. These results may be applied in both experimental and space physics regimes.     

3D analysis of in-filled trench as passive barriers for ground vibration isolation

The three-dimensional (3D) problem of the ground vibration isolation by an in-filled trench as a passive barrier is studied theoretically. Integral equations governing Rayleigh wave scattering are derived based on the Green’s solution of Lamb problem. The integral equations are solved accurately and efficiently with an iteration technique. They are used to evaluate the complicated Rayleigh wave field generated by irregular scatterers embedded in an elastic half-space solid. The passive isolation effectiveness of ground vibration by the in-filled trench for screening Rayleigh wave is further studied in detail. Effects of relevant parameters on the effectiveness of vibration isolation are investigated and presented. The results show that a trench filled with stiff backfill material gets a better isolation effect than a soft one, and increasing the depth or width of the in-filled trench also improves its screening effectiveness. The effectiveness and the area of the screened zone are surging with the increase in the length of the in-filled trench. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50678128 and 50538010) and the Research Fund for PhD Student of Chinese College (Grant No. 20050247030)     

车载光学平台双层隔振系统设计与试验研究

分析了冲击、振动对车载精密光学系统的影响,指出了光学平台的变形和振动是影响车载精密光学系统精度和稳定性的主要因素,提出了车载光学平台双层隔振系统的设计方案。采用ANSYS有限元方法分析了光学平台隔振系统的振动模态和减振比,完成了车载状况下的光学平台振动测试。分析与测试结果表明,车载光学平台的双层隔振结构具有良好的稳定性,且对环境强振动有很好的衰减作用。该双层隔振技术方案及其分析测试方法,对于各种车载精密光学系统和设备具有重要的工程应用价值。     

车载光学平台双层隔振系统设计与试验研究

 分析了冲击、振动对车载精密光学系统的影响,指出了光学平台的变形和振动是影响车载精密光学系统精度和稳定性的主要因素,提出了车载光学平台双层隔振系统的设计方案。采用ANSYS有限元方法分析了光学平台隔振系统的振动模态和减振比,完成了车载状况下的光学平台振动测试。分析与测试结果表明,车载光学平台的双层隔振结构具有良好的稳定性,且对环境强振动有很好的衰减作用。该双层隔振技术方案及其分析测试方法,对于各种车载精密光学系统和设备具有重要的工程应用价值。