A technique for embedding efpi fiber optic strain sensors in concrete

Experimental Techniques -     

Estimating deflection of a simple beam model using fiber optic bragg-grating sensors

In this paper, we develop a method to estimate the bridge deflection using fiber optic Bragg-grating (FBG) strain sensors. For most structural evaluation of bridge integrity, it is very important to measure the geometric profile, which is a major factor representing the global behavior of civil structures, especially bridges. In the past, because of the lack of appropriate methods to measure the deflection curve of bridges on site, the measurement of deflection has been restricted to just a few discrete points along the bridge, and the measuring points have been limited to the locations installed with displacement transducers. However, by applying classical beam theory, a formula is rearranged to estimate the continuously deflected profile by using strains measured directly from several points. In addition, FBG strain sensors, which are electromagnetic, noise-free and multipoint measurable, are employed to obtain flexural strains more accurately and stably. The regression analysis is performed to obtain a strain function from the measured strain data. Finally, the deflection curve can be estimated by applying the strain function to the formula. An experimental test has also been carried out to verify the developed method.     

布里渊光纤陀螺增大动态范围新方案

针对布里渊光纤陀螺动态范围较小的问题,在比较了以往各种方案动态范围的基础上,提出了一种基于光强补偿的布里渊光纤陀螺动态范围增大方案.该方案使用大功率窄带激光器做泵浦源,在光路中引入光衰减器以及分光比不对称的耦合器,并通过反馈回路对两路光光强进行实时调节,从而可以消除泵浦游走效应对布里渊光纤陀螺动态范围的影响.通过分析和...     

Measurement of inhomogeneous strain fields by fiber optic sensors embedded in a polymer composite material

Experimental results of strain field measurement in polymer composite specimens by Bragg grating fiber optic strain sensors embedded in the material are considered. A rectangular plate and a rectangular plate with “butterfly” shaped cuts are used as specimens. The results of uniaxial strain experiments with rectangular plates show that fiber optic strain sensors can be used to measure the strains, and these results can be used to calculate the calibration coefficients for fiber optic strain sensors. A gradient strain field is attained in a plate with cuts, and the possibility of measuring this field by fiber optic strain sensors is the main goal of this paper. The results of measurements of gradient strain fields in the plate with cuts are compared with the results obtained by using the three-dimensional digital optic system Vix-3D and with the results of numerical computations based on finite element methods. It is shown that the difference between the strain values obtained by these three methods does not exceed 5%.     

大速率光纤惯性测量装置全温测试系统设计

阐述了“光纤惯性测量装置”的测试要求、测试系统的功能特点和设计方案，对该系统进行了软硬件设计，分析了测试程序的特点。通过对软硬件进行部分修改，该系统可以完成不同类型惯性测量装置的误差建模和综合测试。     

三轴一体化光纤陀螺技术

为了实现光纤陀螺组合小型化、低成本和高精度,进行了三轴一体化光纤陀螺样机的研制。该样机包括光学表头和陀螺解算电路两部分,其中,三个安装在三维空间正交支架上的敏感线圈共用一个光源,并且和其它独立的光学器件组成光学表头。陀螺解算电路由一块FPGA芯片处理三路探测器输出信号,输出与角速度成正比的数字信号。与传统光纤陀螺组合相比,三轴一体化光纤陀螺的组合结构缩小60%,成本降低20%,功耗降低一倍,但制作工艺较复杂。经过测试,其性能和单轴陀螺相当。此项研究技术可广泛应用于对体积要求严格的战术型号上。     

A fiber optic sensor for transverse strain measurement

A fiber optic sensor capable of measuring two independent components of transverse strain is described. The sensor consists of a single Bragg grating written into high-birefringent, polarization-maintaining optical fiber. When light from a broadband source is used to illuminate the sensor, the spectra of light reflected from the Bragg grating contain two peaks corresponding to the two orthogonal polarization modes of the fiber. Two independent components of transverse strain in the core of the fiber can be computed from the changes in wavelength of the two peaks if axial strain and temperature changes in the fiber are zero or known. Experiments were performed to determine the response of the sensor by loading an uncoated sensor in diametral compression over a range of fiber orientations relative to the loading. The results of these experiments were used with a finite element model to determine a calibration matrix relating the transverse strain in the sensor to the wavelength shifts of the Bragg peaks. The performance of the sensor was then verified by measuring the transverse strains produced by loading the fiber in a V-groove fixture.     

光纤陀螺的热分析与热设计方法

光纤陀螺随温度变化产生的热噪声及热致非互易性相移误差直接影响其使用精度。为解决温度问题,分析了光纤陀螺工作的热环境,根据光纤陀螺的体积功率密度选择了自然冷却方法,包括导热、自然对流和辐射换热的单独作用或组合。通过分析光纤线圈及其他光电器件的温度特性及温度变化产生误差的机理,指出热设计的目的是控制光纤陀螺内部的温度场分布及最高温度,并对光纤陀螺的热设计方法进行研究,包括光纤线圈的热设计、光电器件的安装方式、控制电路的热设计等。由最后热仿真与测试结果可知,热设计方法合理可行。     

Multiplexed optical fiber sensors for air frame repair patch monitoring

This paper describes the use of two multiplexed in-line fiber etalon (ILFE) sensors for air frame repair patch monitoring. The ILFE sensors are multiplexed using a combination of coherence division and frequency division multiplexing. Cantilever beam tests are used to verify the ILFE strain sensor performance and to measure multiplexing cross talk. The multiplexed ILFE sensors are then used to monitor the load transfer in a boron/epoxy patch utilized to repair cracks that occur in aging aircraft. The experiments show a clear relationship between a normalized measure of the strain inside the repair patch and crack extension in an aluminum single-edge notch specimen.     

Torsion measurement using fiber Bragg grating sensors

In this paper, the authors study the potential of using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors to measure the torsion deformation theoretically and experimentally. FBG sensors are bonded on the surface of a shaft. When the shaft is under torsion, there is strain induced in the FBG sensor and the Bragg wavelength will shift accordingly. According to the wavelength shift and photoelastic properties of the FBG sensor bonded to the shaft, the torsion deformation of the shaft can be obtained. To minimize the measurement error, the optimal direction of the FBG sensor is obtained. The influences of the orientation deviation of the FBG sensor are discussed. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by experiment, and the test results agree well with the theoretical analysis.     

基于双模型的光纤陀螺温度补偿方法（英文）

基于Sagnac效应的光纤陀螺(FOG),因其自身的优点广泛地应用在捷联惯性导航系统中(SINS)。然而,温度对FOG的影响包括常值影响和随机影响,仍是制约光纤陀螺性能的关键因素之一。针对不同性质的漂移,首先建立基于相关性分析的多项式模型补偿常值漂移;然后结合时间序列分析的方法,利用Kalman滤波抑制经多项式模型补偿后残差信号中的随机成分,进一步提高FOG的精度。单轴光纤陀螺试验结果表明,传统的单多项式补偿模型,FOG的零偏稳定性能由0.05(°)/h仅提高到0.04(°)/h;采用常值和随机的双补偿模型,FOG的零偏稳定性能由0.05(°)/h提高到了0.01(°)/h。证明了双温度建模与补偿方法的有效性,在工程上有一定的参考价值。     

分布式光纤传感器测量数据可靠性分析方法

分析了分布式光纤传感器测量结果的可靠性,提出从应变系数和温度系数标定到分布式光纤传感器物理量测量以及结果评价的方法,设计了分布式光纤传感器的应变系数和温度系数标定装置,同时分析了应变标定装置的不确定度来源,采用基于光频域反射技术的分布式光纤解调仪进行了实验验证.应变标定范围为-5000με?5000με,温度标定范围为...     

光纤陀螺机载导航系统多信息融合

为解决纯惯导高度通道的发散问题,引进气压高度表外部阻尼高度通道;为提供精度较高而且能够连续测量的航向参数,引进了数字磁罗盘;对气压高度表和数字磁罗盘这两种传感器的工作原理及信息处理技术进行了研究.在针对利用气压高度表进行高度阻尼、数字磁罗盘误差补偿这一系列相关问题研究的基础之上,将高度表提供的高度信息和磁罗盘提供的磁航向角信息同惯性传感器提供的信息进行多传感器信息融合算法仿真,同时将设计的二阶高度阻尼回路的状态参量作为组合卡尔曼滤波器的状态参量参与滤波,提高了相关导航参数的精度.而高度表和磁罗盘的体积相对不大,成本较低,所以这种组合方式有一定的可行性和优越性.     

BP-Bagging模型在光纤陀螺温度补偿中的应用

为了消除光纤陀螺的温度效应并提高陀螺的精度,BP神经网络模型广泛的应用在光纤陀螺的零偏温度漂移辨识和补偿中。然而,单神经网络模型的泛化能力差,影响模型的预测结果。结合神经网络集成学习的思想,利用Bagging集成技术产生差异大、预测能力强的个体网络,提升模型的预测能力。建立光纤陀螺零偏温度的BP-Bagging模型,将其应用在温度补偿中。通过对某型光纤陀螺的零偏漂移数据进行仿真,结果表明:BP-Bagging模型相比线性回归模型、单BP神经网络模型的补偿效果更显著,有效改善了陀螺的零偏稳定性能。     

Evaluation of glued-diaphragm fibre optic pressure sensors in a shock tube

Glued-diaphragm fibre optic pressure sensors that utilize standard telecommunications components which are based on Fabry–Perot interferometry are appealing in a number of respects. Principally, they have high spatial and temporal resolution and are low in cost. These features potentially make them well suited to operation in extreme environments produced in short-duration high-enthalpy wind tunnel facilities where spatial and temporal resolution are essential, but attrition rates for sensors are typically very high. The sensors we consider utilize a zirconia ferrule substrate and a thin copper foil which are bonded together using an adhesive. The sensors show a fast response and can measure fluctuations with a frequency up to 250 kHz. The sensors also have a high spatial resolution on the order of 0.1 mm. However, with the interrogation and calibration processes adopted in this work, apparent errors of up to 30% of the maximum pressure have been observed. Such errors are primarily caused by mechanical hysteresis and adhesive viscoelasticity. If a dynamic calibration is adopted, the maximum measurement error can be limited to about 10% of the maximum pressure. However, a better approach is to eliminate the adhesive from the construction process or design the diaphragm and substrate in a way that does not require the adhesive to carry a significant fraction of the mechanical loading.      

埋入式封装的光纤光栅传感器应变传递分析

推导了布拉格光纤光栅传感器所测应变与实际结构应变的关系,得出了平均应变传递率并与实际试验结果进行比较. 根据应变传递率确定了光纤的临界粘接长度,并推导了多层粘接时的应变传递情况,讨论了影响应变传递率的因素. 结果表明,光纤光栅的粘贴长度必须大于临界粘贴长度,且光纤光栅传感器所测应变需要加以修正才能得到实际结构应变.     

基于光纤环安装方式的光纤陀螺振动误差抑制方法

随着光纤陀螺的实用化,发现载体振动会引起光纤陀螺尤其是高精度光纤陀螺的测量误差增大,对光纤陀螺的性能指标造成不可忽视的影响。对干涉式数字闭环光纤陀螺,从弹光效应出发,分析了振动对光纤陀螺光路的影响机理,得出了振动影响下光纤环中反向传播的光信号非互易相移误差信号的表现形式,并针对此提出了通过合理安装光纤环,使光路满足互异性,来抑制振动情况下光纤陀螺输出信号噪声和漂移。实验结果表明,该方案有效降低光纤陀螺输出信号的噪声,抑制了由振动引起的陀螺漂移,使得陀螺振动误差减小了一个数量级。     

正交检测技术在光纤陀螺寻北仪中的应用

寻北仪在军事和民用等领域发挥着重要的作用,为了短时间内提供载体航向信息,设计了一种动态捷联式寻北仪.系统主要由一个单轴光纤陀螺、一个石英加速度计和一个旋转平台组成.在静基座条件下,使旋转平台绕垂直轴恒速单向旋转,通过对陀螺和加速度计输出数据的动态特性进行分析,设计了基于正交检测技术的快速寻北方案,能有效抑制惯性元件的漂移噪声,并且旋转平台可以免去复杂的调整水平过程.仿真结果表明,寻北仪转速设置为3(°)/s,在120 s 内给出载体航向信息,精度优于30″,同时也能输出一定精度的水平姿态信息.     

Model for measurement of thermal expansion coefficient of concrete by fiber optic sensor

The existence of a coating on an optical fiber results in a difference between the strain of the matrix concrete and that sensed by the embedded fiber optic sensor. This paper deals with the theoretical model for measurement of thermal expansion coefficient of concrete by embedded fiber optic sensor. The fiber core, the coating of the optical fiber, and the matrix concrete were all supposed to be elastic. And the bonding surfaces were supposed to be intact, that is to say, there is no relative slip deformation at the interface between the matrix concrete and the coating of the optical fiber, and that between the coating and the fiber core. Based on these assumptions, a theoretical model was developed for measurement of thermal expansion coefficient of concrete. Some experiments were done to verify the validation of the theoretical model. And the comparison indicates a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results.     

一种三轴光纤陀螺时分复用方案的设计与分析

目前三轴一体化已成为国内光纤陀螺一个新的研究热点。提出一种光学敏感部分共用光源与探测器,信号处理部分采用单信号处理电路分时处理的三轴光纤陀螺组合技术方案。分析了信号处理中前放滤波、三轴控制时序和反馈电路中的通道选择。测试结果表明,其指标达到了低精度光纤陀螺的性能要求,适用于小型化、低成本应用背景。